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Biomedical subjects

B Johansson

Publications and source records attributed to B Johansson.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cell-mediated immune reactions in three patients with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases in remission and abnormally high Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers.

Two patients with Hodgkin's disease in remission and one chronic lymphatic leukemia patient with extraordinarily high anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (viral capsid antigen) antibody titers (greater than 10,000) were selected to study a spectrum of cell-mediated immune responses, including natural killer, interferon-boosted killer, antibody-dependent lymphocytotoxicity, and T-cell-mediated reactions. The purpose was to compare these reactions in patients with immunosuppression and a high EBV load who can hold their EBV-carrying cells under control with the corresponding reactions in patients with EBV-carrying lymphoproliferative disease. In contrast to the latter group, the three patients of the present study showed a less profound and less general suppression of the immune responses. Multiple effector mechanisms probably safeguard against the proliferation of EBV-transformed B-cells. Clinically manifest EBV-carrying lymphoproliferative disease occurs only in very severe immunodeficiencies effecting multiple effectors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The effect of in vitro irradiation on mitogenic responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with untreated and cured Hodgkin's disease.

Blood lymphocytes from 10 untreated patients with active Hodgkin's disease were compared with those of 10 cured patients with regard to the responsiveness of the cells to PHA and Con A following in vitro irradiation. Lymphocytes of patients remaining in long-term remission exhibited the same pattern of radiosensitivity as those of healthy donors: there was one relatively radiosensitive cell population and one relatively resistant. The latter cell population was undetectable in patients with an active disease. Reappearance of the radioresistant PHA and Con A reactive cell fractions might thus be associated with remission.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Lymphocyte-mediated lysis of tumor cells in vitro (ADCC), induced by serum antibodies from patients with urinary bladder carcinoma or from controls.

IgG fractions from serum of patients with transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC), patients with carcinoma of the prostate (CC) and healthy donors (HD) were tested for their capacity to induce antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to tumor cells in vitro. Lymphocytes from healthy donors were selected for low natural cytotoxicity to the target cells from established cell lines of TCC or other origins. IgG was prepared by adsorption of serum to Sepharose-bound protein A from Staphylococcus aureus and subsequent acid elution. When tested against a panel of six different target cells, most individual IgG preparations from all three donor groups contained antibodies inducing ADCC to some of the target cells. When IgG preparations from II untreated TCC patients were studied for ADCC induction to the TCC target T24 and the colon carcinoma HT29, cytotoxicity to T24 was, on an average, significantly higher than that to HT29. For IgG preparations from 18 TCC patients, treated with radiotherapy, a similar difference was seen but was not statistically significant. IgG preparations from II patients with carcinoma of the prostate and from 12 healthy donors did not show this differences. Moreover, while individual IgG preparations from untreated TCC patients were, on the average, significantly more cytotoxic to T24 than those from either of the two control groups, no such differences were seen when HT29 was the target. On the contrary, IgG preparations from patients with prostatic carcinoma were significantly more cytotoxic to HT29 than those from healthy donors. The results suggest that TCC patients develop a disease-related humoral immune response, superimposed on a "natural" immunity to a variety of antigens on the target cells used. The nature of the antigens involved in these reactions remains to be established. However, the results are compatible with previous findings, in these patients, of a bladder-tumor-related cellular cytotoxicity, to a large extent caused by the patients' own antibodies.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Prognostic effect of early diagnostic splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease: a randomized trial.

A randomized trial is reported which evaluates the effect of early diagnostic splenectomy on the prognosis of patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and uncertain prognosis. This was started in January 1973 and concluded in April 1979. Sixty-seven patients were entered in the study and 31 were randomized for splenectomy. All patients except 2 received total nodal irradiation, excluding the splenic and hepatic areas. After 40 months' observation there was no difference between the groups in respect of survival and the number of recurrences. However, relapses occurred earlier in the splenectomized patients. Pneumococcal septicaemia was recorded in 2 splenectomized patients. It is concluded that prognosis is not improved by diagnostic splenectomy in HD patients with uncertain prognosis and treated with total nodal irradiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Interferon therapy in myelomatosis.

Four patients with myelomatosis (one IgG-chi-type, two IgA-chi, and one Bence Jones-x) were given human leucocyte interferon as the only treatment for from 3 to 19 months. Remission was complete in two patients and partial in the other two. Normal bone-marrow haematopoiesis was slightly inhibited. The disease has not so far progressed in any of the patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

14q+ marker chromosome in an EBV-genome-negative lymph node without signs of malignancy in a patient with EBV-genome-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

In a patient with an EBV-genome-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an EBV-genome-negative inguinal lymph node without histological evidence of malignant lymphoma or metastatic carcinoma growth was found to contain a 14q+ marker chromosome, identified as an 8;14 translocation, in all cells analyzed. This observation indicates that chromosome aberrations may precede histological signs of malignancy. The possible implication of this finding in relation to the postulated role of the 14q+ marker and lymphoma development is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Senile cardiac amyloidosis: evidence of two different amyloid substances in the ageing heart.

In a material of seventy-two persons over 70 years of age, forty-seven cases of amyloidosis of the heart were found. In thirty-nine cases, deposits occurred only in the atria (isolated artrial amyloidosis, IAA), while in eight cases amyloid also was seen in the ventricles (senile cardiac amyloidosis, SCA). In some of the latter cases, small amyloid deposits occurred in other organs, especially the lungs. Some definite differences existed between the amyloid substance in SCA and IAA. Thus, tryptophan was demonstrated histochemically in SCA but not in IAA, and, furthermore, amyloid fibrils isolated from patients with IAA lacked protein Asca, the fibril subunit protein of senile cardiac amyloid. It is concluded that the ageing heart may be the target of two different forms of amyloid, one only affecting the atria, while the other is more widespread within the heart and sometimes also is found in other organs.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Analysis of the length response to a force step in smooth muscle from rabbit urinary bladder.

Responses to isotonic quick release of AC-stimulated smooth muscle strips from rabbit urinary bladder were analysed. Releases were performed at the peak of contraction and at a preset tension level in the contraction and relaxation phase. In other expts. responses at 37 degrees C and 27 degrees C were compared. The length response always consisted of 3 parts: (1) elastic recoil, (2) rapid length change (isotonic transient), (3) steady length change. Qualitatively, phases (1)-(3) could be distinguished also in responses to isotonic quick stretch. The immediate elastic recoils, phase (1), were described by exponential stress-strain relations. Stiffness was found to be somewhat lower during relaxation than during contraction. No effect of temperature on the elastic recoil was seen. The initial velocity in phase (2) was 2-3 times greater than the velocity 100 ms after release. By means of computer analysis of the length records during phases (2) and (3) two decaying exponential processes with widely different time constants could be separated. The time constant of the faster process was of the order of 15-30 ms at 37 degrees C. It decreased with increasing force steps and with increasing temperature. The amount of shortening associated with this process was correlated with the size of the force step, reaching a maximum of about 1.2% of the muscle length. The shortening velocities in phase (3), measured 100 ms after release, were described by Hill's equation. Vmax in the rising part and at the peak of contraction were 0.7 and 0.6 L/s respectively at 37 degrees C. Lower values were found during relaxation and at 27 degrees C. We suggest that part of the elastic recoil in phase (1) occurs in structures associated with the individual cross-bridges, that phase (2) is dominated by a change in the distribution of conformations of bridges in the attached position and that the shortening rate in phase (3) is determined by the entire cycle of events during turnover of bridges after the muscle has adapted to the new load. Observations on the force response to length steps and on shifts from isometric to afterloaded isotonic contraction and vice versa are consistent with this interpretation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

What part does the occupational environment play in the occurrence of accidents? Views of accident victims, their fellow-workers, safety delegates, and enterprise managements.

In a survey of occupational accident cases admitted to Malmö General Hospital during a period in 1974, interviews were carried out with the accident victims, and, at their work places, with their fellow-workers, safety delegates, and management representatives as well. The interviewees were asked to express their views on aspects of the occupation environment, which might have had a bearing on the causes of the accident in question, for instance noise, harmful substances, physical and mental stress and accident risks. The results showed wide variations between the views of the four groups regarding the same environment situation and the actual accident. Often the explanations were rather descriptions of "supernatural" concepts in other words. This means that in this field there is a great need for an objective instrument for the analysis of accidents and their circumstances. There is no such instrument available today and there is a growing need to develop accident research and its methods, as well as of a practical instrument for the safety work. There is also a need for a more qualitative analysis of accidents. To this end we used a model developed by J. Surry (4) and later modified by the Swedish Work Environment Fund (5). A further development of this model is proposed.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1978

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against Epstein-Barr virus-associated antigens in African patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was performed on serum samples from African patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to determine whether antibody titers determined by this assay might be of prognostic value in this disease. The serum donors were divided into two groups: (1) those individuals who died within 2 years following diagnosis of NPC; and (2) individuals who responded well to therapy and surivived for more than 2 years following diagnosis. The ADCC GMT for the survivor group was significantly higher than the GMT for non-survivors (%5,410 versus 615). Interestingly, there were a number of discordant sera in the non-survivor group that had very low ADCC titers (less than 240) at diagnosis in the presence of high VCA titers. When ADCC titers were compared with anti-EA or IgA antibody titers to VCA, a statistically significant inverse correlation was noted. These data suggest that ADCC titers might be of prognostic importance in African NPC.

Africa↗