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Biomedical subjects

B Johansson

Publications and source records attributed to B Johansson.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Clonal chromosome aberrations in a keratoacanthoma and a basal cell papilloma.

Clonal chromosome abnormalities were found in short-term cultures from two epithelial skin tumors, a basal cell papilloma and a keratoacanthoma. The three-way translocation t(2;6;11)(q21;q27;p13) was the sole clonal rearrangement in the basal cell papilloma. The karyotype of the keratoacanthoma was more complex: 46,XX,der(2)(2pter----2p13::2p11----cen----2q37: :5q33----5qter),der(2) (:2p13----cen----2q37::6q23----6qter),der(5)t(2; 7;5)(q37;q11;q33),der(6) (6pter----cen----6q23::2p13----2pter),der(7)t(2; 7;5)(q37;q11;q33), del(13)(q11q14). In addition, several nonclonal structural changes were seen in both tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Diverse chromosome abnormalities in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin.

Short-term cultures from three invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the skin were cytogenetically analyzed. Clonal chromosome aberrations were found in all tumors. In the first case, two of three abnormal clones were related, and in the second case, two of five clones demonstrated cytogenetic similarities. Both clones detected in case 3 had a structural rearrangement in common. Several nonclonal changes were seen in all three cases in addition to the clonal aberrations. None of the rearrangements detected, clonal or nonclonal, corresponds to any of the consistently cancer-associated aberrations known from other neoplasms. The remarkably diverse karyotypic picture of the three squamous cell carcinomas, in particular the finding of unrelated clones in two of them, hints that these neoplasms may be poly-rather than monoclonal. The lack of a common cytogenetic denominator argues that if chromosomal changes are of pathogenetic importance in this tumor type, a wide variety of apparently dissimilar changes exist that are roughly equal in their capacity to malignantly transform skin epithelium.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Serum levels of apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and HDL-cholesterol in second half of normal pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia.

Serum concentrations of Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II, (Apo A-1 and Apo A-II) HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), Total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and lipoprotein electrophoresis were assayed serially in the second half of normal pregnancy (21 women), in pre-eclampsia (26 women) and in both groups one and six weeks after delivery. In the normal group we found increased concentrations of Apo A-I and HDL-C, which remained unaltered during pregnancy. Apo A-II was unchanged. Correlation coefficients for Apo A-II vs HDL-C and Apo A-I vs Apo A-II decreased gradually towards delivery while it remained at an elevated and unaltered level for Apo A-I vs HDL-C. The Apo A-I/HDL-C ratio was unaltered during the whole study while the Apo A-I/A-II ratio was elevated during pregnancy and the Apo A-II/HDL-C ratio was reduced. These results may indicate a gradual change in the surface structure of the HDL particle or its subfractions. In pre-eclampsia Apo A-I and HDL-C concentrations were reduced, TG was increased and Apo A-II and TC were unchanged when compared with the normal pregnancy group. A more pronounced correlation coefficient was recorded for Apo A-I vs HDL-C than for Apo A-II vs HDL-C and Apo A-I vs Apo II. The results indicate that from an atherogenic point of view normal pregnancy seems more beneficial than pre-eclampsia.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1989

Nucleotide changes in sequential variants of influenza virus hemagglutinin genes and molecular structures of corresponding monoclonal antibodies specific for each variant.

We have generated four monoclonal antibodies specific for one or more members of a series of two sequentially derived PR8 influenza virus variants. Three of these antibodies share cross-reactive idiotypes. The amino acid sequences of these antibodies were determined, and it was found that two of these antibodies use genes from the VH7183 family, whereas the third uses a gene from the VHJ558 family. All four monoclonal antibodies derive from different families of genes encoding the variable region of the kappa chain. The RNA sequence of the parent PR8 virus as well as the RNA sequences of the sequential variants were also determined, and it was demonstrated that the variant hemagglutinin molecules differed from the parent molecule by only a single amino acid interchange. Despite these subtle differences in antigenic structures of hemagglutinin, and the cross-reactive idiotype of the antibodies, their primary structures were very different. These data reinforce the idea that a wide variety of antibody structures exist which are directed against subtly different structures in biologically important antigens.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

The robustness of the terminal decline phenomenon: longitudinal data from the Digit-Span Memory Test.

The robustness of terminal decline was studied by analyzing longitudinal results from the simple Digit-Span Memory Test. The subjects participated in the Gothenburg longitudinal study and were first examined at the age of 70. Analyses were conducted for different groups according to subsequent survival. The findings provided support for the robustness of the terminal decline phenomenon.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Tumour imaging of indium-111 oxine-labelled autologous lymphocytes as a staging method in Hodgkin's disease.

Following indium-111 oxine-labelled autologous lymphocyte infusion, 39 lymphocyte scintigraphies were performed in 35 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD). Lymphocytes were obtained after leukapheresis and Lymphoprep gradient centrifugation and were further purified by an adherence step to eliminate monocytes. A median of 1.2 (0.2-3.7) X 10(9) cells were labelled with 6.7 (range 1.9-16.6) Mbq indium-111 oxine and reinfused to the patients. Gamma camera imaging was performed with a GE 400 AT. An accumulation of radioactivity was seen at 54 of 61 sites with enlarged lymph nodes. Increased radioactivity was also seen at 16 sites with no previous clinical evidence of tumour involvement. These data seem very promising and with further methodological improvement lymphoscintigraphy may prove to be an important complement in the staging procedure and follow-up of patients with HD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Alternating combination chemotherapy (VMCP/VBAP) is not superior to melphalan/prednisone in the treatment of multiple myeloma patients stage III--a randomized study from MGCS.

86 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma stage III entered a randomized trial comparing combination chemotherapy (VMCP/VBAP) (n = 42) with intermittent oral melphalan and prednisone (MP) treatment (n = 44). The treatment gropus were well comparable with regard to major prognostic factors. There was no statistically significant difference in the response rates, 52% (VMCP/VBAP) vs 61% (MP); in the response duration times, median 19 months vs 22 months, or in the survival times, median 24 months vs 28 months. However, survival of patients older than 65 years was significantly shorter in the VMCP/VBAP group (median 15 months) compared to the MP group (median 23 months) (p = 0.03). No significant difference in non-hematological or hematological toxicity was noted. The study further supports the notion that MP therapy should be used as primary standard treatment for patients with multiple myeloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Induction treatment with alpha-interferon in multiple myeloma: an interim report from MGCS.

A randomized study comparing melphalan/prednisone (M/P) therapy with MP + natural alpha-IFN in untreated patients with multiple myeloma stages II and III started April 1, 1986. By March 1989, 78 patients were evaluable in the MP group and 80 in the MP/IFN group. 48% of the MP patients achieved a response and 66% in the MP/IFN group (p = 0.04). Stage II patients responded better to MP/IFN (76%) than MP alone (47%) (p = 0.02), while no statistically significant difference was noted for stage III patients. 90% of the IgA myelomas responded to MP/IFN and 52% to MP (p = 0.02). Both for IgG and BJ myelomas the response rates of MP/IFN were higher than of MP, although the differences were not statistically significant. The observation period is still short. There was no difference in total survival between the two treatment groups. However, in patients less than or equal to 65 years a tendency to a longer survival was seen for those receiving the IFN combination (p = 0.12).

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Tumour radioimmunolocalization in nude mice by use of antiplacental alkaline phosphatase monoclonal antibodies.

Three monoclonal antibodies and their Fab and Fab'2 fragments with specificity against human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) were evaluated for tumour immunolocalization of human PLAP-producing Hela Hep 2 tumours in nude mice. The antibodies and their fragments were labelled with 125I and injected intraperitoneally in mice with developing Hep 2 tumours. The animals were followed individually for 14 days with repetitive computerized gamma-camera recordings, which enable quantitation of several crucial parameters, i.e. the time-dependent antibody uptake in the tumours, decrease in background activity and tumour/background ratio. Excellent radioimmunolocalization was obtained with both the intact PLAP-specific immunoglobulins and their fragments but not with the nonspecific antibodies. No background subtraction had to be used. As much as 15% of the initially injected dose could be visualized in the tumours and for the uncleaved mab up to 80% of the radioactivity in the animals was retained in the tumours after 14 days, a considerably longer observation time than usually reported in such tumour xenograft models. The Fab and Fab'2 fragments were found to be excreted fast with less than 5% of the injected dose remaining in the animals after 48 h, but still with positive specific localization to the tumours after an initial high uptake in the kidneys. The results are encouraging and indicate significant potentials of the PLAP-antiPLAP mab system for immunolocalization studies in patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Relative biological effectiveness and oxygen enhancement ratio of 50 MV X-rays.

Experiments in vitro, using V-79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts, were carried out in order to establish whether or not there was a difference between the relative biological efficiency (RBE) and/or the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of 50 and 4 MV bremsstrahlung photons. Dosimetry was performed with both Fricke dosimetry and ionization chamber. Cells were irradiated in all glass-metal system under both oxic and anoxic conditions and subsequently plated for cloning assay. Dose corrections were made for the backscatter from the glass to which the cells were attached during irradiation. A statistically significant difference between RBE of the two energies was found. The RBE was estimated to be 1.1 for 50 MV photons. No difference in OER was found. This RBE difference is of clinical interest as it is generally accepted that it should be possible to determine the dose level with a precision of about +/- 5% in radiation treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Clinical features of Hodgkin's disease in Cuba and Sweden.

A clinical study of 182 Swedish and 164 Cuban consecutive adult patients with Hodgkin's disease was performed comparing age, sex, histopathology, clinical stage, symptoms, and various laboratory tests. A bimodal age distribution was observed which was more pronounced in the Swedish series. A male/female ratio 1.8/1.0 in both samples was observed. Nodular sclerosis and Stage IA and IIA were more common in Swedish patients while in the Cuban, mixed cellularity and Stage IIIB and IVB dominated in patients below fifty years of age. The Swedish patients exhibited an age distribution similar to that found in other industrialized Western countries, while the Cuban patients had an age distribution pattern typical for countries with an intermediate epidemiological pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Food and nutrient intakes in Swedish diabetic children.

Food and energy intakes in diabetic children, 7-9 and 12-14 years of age, were studied by the 7-d record method. The mean duration of diabetes in the younger group was 3.0 years and in the older group 4.2. The children had 3 main meals and 3.4 light meals daily. The median daily number of sandwiches was 7, often offered as snacks. All children used a low-fat margarine, low-fat cheese and low-fat milk. Sweets and diabetic food were seldom used. Of the energy intake protein contributed 18 per cent, fat 32 per cent and carbohydrates 50 per cent, including sucrose 2 per cent. Mean daily intake of fibre was 20 g. Compared to healthy children of the same age and from the same areas of Sweden the diabetics had a more regular meal pattern, their energy intakes did not differ, but the diet of diabetics was lower in fat and sucrose and higher in protein. The mean height, weight and BMI did not differ from healthy children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Myogenic tone and reactivity: definitions based on muscle physiology.

This paper suggests definitions of myogenic tone and reactivity in blood vessels on the basis of general muscle physiology and discusses some aspects of the cellular mechanisms involved. Tone is defined as a sustained state of contraction in a muscle. The word says nothing about the exact cellular events except that it is an active process in the contractile proteins. Myogenic implies that the stimulus for the tone originates in the muscle itself without involving nerves, hormones or specific autacoids. When working with isolated vascular smooth muscle we conclude that it has myogenic tone if we can demonstrate contractile force in standard physiological salt solution without the addition of vasoconstrictor agents or abnormal ion concentrations. Tone can occur in any type of muscle, principally through two different patterns of cellular activity: (1) The individual cells or motor units all contract in a tonic way, either by graded depolarization and contracture or by frequent action potentials and fused tetanus; and (2) the muscle as a whole shows tone as an integrated result of asynchronous phasic contractions in its separate units. These principles are discussed below in relation to vascular tone in various parts of the circulation. Myogenic reactivity in a blood vessel is defined as the ability of the vascular smooth muscle to contract in response to stretch or to an increase in transmural pressure. Many different components of the cellular machinery of the smooth muscle may respond to the applied force but the present discussion is concerned with excitation of the cell membrane by stretch (mechano-electrical coupling).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Plasma apolipoprotein A-I levels and bile lipid secretion during thoracic duct drainage in the rat.

A large part of the circulating apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is produced by the intestine. Yet the plasma levels of apoA-I are retained or even increased in rats with thoracic duct drainage (Johansson, B. and Nilsson, A, (1981) FEBS Lett. 130, 305-308 and Franzén, J. et al. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 918, 11-15). In this study we examined the effects of biliary drainage and of combined biliary and lymphatic drainage on the plasma apoA-I levels, and also the effects of lymphatic drainage on the output of biliary lipids in the rat. 63 h of biliary drainage caused a 40% decrease of the serum apoA-I concentration. In contrast the concentration in rats with combined thoracic duct and biliary drainage was 153% of that in control rats. The biliary secretion of bile acids, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol declined to a lower level in rats with combined thoracic duct and biliary drainage, but increased at the later time intervals to the same levels as in rats with bile fistulas only. Intravenous chyle infusion 3-36 h after commencing the biliary drainage did not prevent the decrease in biliary lipid output. The study thus provided no evidence that the reduced hepatic inflow of apoB-containing lipoproteins during biliary drainage is of importance for the reduced biliary lipid output. The loss of all the chyle lipoproteins leads, however, to an even more pronounced decrease in the biliary lipid secretion. The drainage of all the chyle constituents also leads to an increased apoA-I synthesis that more than compensates for the apoA-I loss in chyle, whereas biliary drainage only lowers the plasma apoA-I levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Stabilization and quantitative determination of disulfiram in human plasma samples.

The rapid reduction of disulfiram at therapeutic plasma concentrations was inhibited by addition of the chelating agent, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and acidification in the presence of sodium chloride. The disulfiram recovery at concentrations ranging from 0.100-0.800 mumol/l was about 100% when preserved at 4 degrees C and analyzed immediately, and 95% and 75% after preservation for 1 h at 4 degrees C and for 24 h at -20 degrees C, respectively. The concentrations of disulfiram were determined in plasma from alcoholics receiving repeated therapeutic doses of disulfiram. Detectable concentrations in the range of 0.100-0.200 mumol/l could not be obtained until the second week of treatment.

Alcoholism↗