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Biomedical subjects

B Jacotot

Publications and source records attributed to B Jacotot.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Effects of edible oils on blood and arterial lipids in rats after one year's balanced normolipidic diet.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during one year with diets containing 12% of one of the following fats: butter, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, palm oil, canbra oil and arachid oil. Total serum cholesterol was lower in the arachid, suflower and butter groups and higher in the palm and hydrogenated soybean groups (p less than 0.01); serum cholesterol esters were lower in the arachid, sunflower and soybean groups, but higher in the palm and hydrogenated soybean groups ( p less than 0.01). Serum triglycerides were lower in the sunflower and arachid groups and higher in the butter and palm groups (p less than 0.01). There was a positive, significant correlation between serum cholesterol and phospholipids in the various groups. In aortas, free cholesterol levels were the same in different groups, but cholesterol ester levels increased in the following order: canbra, butter, arachid, palm, sunflower, rapeseed, hydrogenated soybean and soybean red groups (p less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation between aorta cholesterol esters and the ratio 18:0 + 18:1 of the dietary fat (r = 0.69; p less than 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Ischaemic disease in men and women with familial hypercholesterolaemia and xanthomatosis. A comparative study of genetic and environmental factors in 274 heterozygous cases.

The incidence of ischaemic diseases in familial hypercholesterolaemia and xanthomatosis (familial Type II) was studied in a group of 158 men and 116 women. (1) Men and women did not differ with regard to the inherited metabolic disease. Levels of serum cholesterol, the marker of the genetic defect, were not statistically different, and cholesterol deposition in tissues, visualized by skin tendon xanthomas, was not sex related. (2) Men and women were different with regard to ischaemic diseases. The incidence was much lower in women, and the mean age of onset 9 years later. Moreover, there was a sex difference in the nature of the ischaemic disease, with a high male predominance of myocardial infarction. (3) Since the major risk factor hypercholesterolaemia could not explain such a difference, the role of other risk factors was investigated. It was shown that the incidence of ischaemic diseases was increased in women by cigarette smoking and hypertension, and that the difference in age of onset between males and females was no longer seen in smoking women. It is suggested that the genetic factor is responsible for the atherosclerotic lesion in both sexes and that other factors playing a role in ischaemic complications including tobacco and hypertension may explain the difference between men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Circulating lipophages and aortic foam cells in experimental atherosclerosis of rabbits under altered reticuloendothelial activity.

Administration of Freund's adjuvant to cholesterol-fed rabbits inhibited the induction of atheroma in the aorta of rabbits when compared with cholesterol-fed indiaink-treated animals and cholesterol-fed saline-treated controls. Simultanously the blockade of the reticuloendothelial system by india ink caused a greater degree of atheromatous lesions in these rabbits. Smears of peripheral blood studied by light microscopy revealed the presence of circulating lipophages which were morphologically similar to the aortic foam cells isolated from the same animal. Isolation of mononuclear lipid-containing foam cells from aortic intima and the presence of a morphologically similar type of cell in circulating blood indicate that the blood might be the most likely source of intimal foam cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Characterization of lipids associated with macromolecules of the intercellular matrix of human aorta.

Macroscopically lesion-free parts of human aortas with no or light lesions (group I) and advanced atherosclerotic lesions (group II) were submitted to a series of successive extractions in order to "solubilize" all the macromolecular components of the arterial wall ("chemical dissection"). Lipids were extracted with methanol-chloroform from all these macromolecular fractions and analyzed for cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids. The fatty acid composition of the separated fractions was determined by GLC. The lipid composition and fatty acid spectrum of the macromolecular fractions of group I and group II aortas was compared. Total lipids increased in the freely extractable ("non associated lipids, approximately 78% of total) fraction as well as in the fraction "associated" with collagen and elastin. Free and esterified cholesterol increased also both in the "freely extractable" and in the collagen-elastin-associated lipids", approximately 78% of total) fraction as well was higher (+ 100%) than that of free cholesterol (+ 60%). Triglycerides increase also by 15 to 70% in all fractions except in the elastin-associated fraction. Free fatty acids increased by 40 to 400% in all extracts associated with macromolecular fractions but not in the "freely extractable" fraction where they decreased. Phospholipids show less marked variations (approximately less than 10%) and decrease in the elastin associated lipids of group II aortas. The fatty acid spectrum of group II lipids associated with macromolecules differs from that of group I. There is a relative increase of longer chains (C greater than 18, especially 20:1 and 20:2 acids). No such increase in the "long" fatty acids was seen in the "freely extractable" lipid fraction. Elastin isolated from group II aortas is significantly enriched in total lipids, cholesterol (free and esterified) and free fatty acids and contains the widest spectrum of fatty acids (from 11:2 to 22:1) with a significant fraction of total fatty acids as "odd" carbon chains. There appears to be a correlation between the decrease of triglyceride-bound fatty acids and the increase of free fatty acids. The free fatty acid concentration exceeds both in group I and II aortas the concentration of fatty acid esters. This increase in free fatty acids "associated" with intercellular matrix macromolecules and especially with elastin may be the result of an increased hydrolysis of esters and/or a decreased esterification in advanced atherosclerotic aortas. The accumulation of long chain and "odd" fatty acids in elastin may be an important factor in its accelerated degradation during the atherosclerotic process.

Aorta↗
PubMed1975

[The composition of dietary lipids and the blood coagulation time in the rat].

The study of the coagulation in rats fed with a balanced diet, including 12% of different animal or vegetable fats, during 6 months, shows that the time of coagulation in rats receiving one of the following oils: palm, sunflower, Canbra, is significantly higher than the ones fed with butter. On the other hand, the coagulation time observed in the groups is correlated with the oleic acid level in the corresponding diet. The results obtained here may lead to important practical applications.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Blood lipoprotein transfers in the normal arterial wall. Study auto-historadiography in optic microscopy].

In order to study the mecanisms of serum lipoproteins transfers and binding sites in arterial wall, auto-historadiographies in optical microscopy were realised with rats aortas. Animals received infusion of in vivo labelled on the cholesterol and purified serum lipoproteins. The results confirmed the serum lipoproteins transfers in arterial wall and slow that the inflow is all the more quicker and higher as the molecule is smaller. The very particular aspect of these transfers rises several hypothesis and leeds to suggest the possibility of preferential way of passage inside the arterial wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of prostaglandin PGE1 on blood and tissue lipids in rabbit experimental arteriosclerosis].

Although the effects of prostaglandins (namely PGE) on lipolysis are well known, there are few data about their action on the various serum lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides). We have no information about the action of these products on experimental atherosclerosis and the arterial lipids. In the present work, we found in rabbits fed an hyperlipidemic diet, or receiving adrenalin injections, or a sequential atherogenic treatment for a long course, that the treatment by PGE1 induces a decrease of the serum lipids, mainly in animals fed an hyperlipidemic diet. In the same experiment, we found also a decrease of the cholesterol level in aorta and in the connective tissue of sub-cutaneous granulomas. The interest of these findings is discussed in the light of present known data about the effect of prostaglandins on lipid metabolism.

Animals↗