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Biomedical subjects

B Jacobsson

Publications and source records attributed to B Jacobsson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Compensatory kidney growth in children with urinary tract infection and unilateral renal scarring: an epidemiologic study.

Compensatory renal growth was estimated from repeated urograms over 8 to 15 years in 26 children with urinary tract infection and unilateral renal scarring. These children were derived from an unselected series of 596 patients followed from their first symptomatic urinary tract infection. Renal size was assessed from the renal area, length, and parenchymal thickness. The renal area proved to be a good measure of the compensatory growth of the unscarred kidney as well as of the loss of substance of the scarred kidney. In this series of children, who had been closely supervised from the time of their first infection, unilateral renal scarring was well compensated for by hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney. Thus, the total renal parenchymal area 8 to 15 years after the first investigation was 98 to 99% of the expected normal area. Interestingly, a conspicuous growth spurt was observed at puberty in some of the scarred kidneys, sometimes a decade after the original damage. Prognosis was not influenced by sex, age at onset, or complications such as vesicoureteric reflux and frequent febrile recurrences. Reflux with dilatation was compatible with compensatory renal growth. We conclude that acute febrile pyelonephritis in childhood carries a good prognosis with regard to preservation of renal parenchyma and level of GFR, if diagnosis and treatment are prompt and long-term supervision is provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Distinction between two subpopulations of beta 1-adrenergic receptors in human adipose cells.

The beta-adrenergic receptors in human adipose membranes were identified by the specific and saturable binding of the beta-adrenergic antagonist (--)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol. The total number of sites in control membranes was 0.32 +/- 0.03 pmol/mg protein and the equilibrium dissociation constant for binding (Kd) was 2.6 nM and 2.5 nM as determined by Scatchard analysis of experiments on equilibrium binding and kinetics, respectively. The beta 1-adrenergic nature of the receptors was derived from the order of potencies of beta-adrenergic agonists (isoproterenol greater than norepinephrine greater than epinephrine) to complete with (--)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol for binding. Studies of saturation binding, kinetics and competition binding revealed the presence of a single class of beta 1-adrenergic receptors. Prolonged incubation of human adipose cells in the presence of (--)-norepinephrine decreases the lipolytic response to beta-adrenergic agonists, and reduces by 50% the concentration of beta-adrenergic receptors. The Kd values for (--)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol and the beta-adrenergic agonists remain unchanged. Catecholamines also produce a rapid conformational change of approximatively 50% of the receptors in control membranes as revealed by their increased sensitivity towards inactivation by the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide. This inactivation process is not observed in desensitized membranes, which indicates that desensitization and inactivation by agonists plus N-ethylmaleimide affect the same receptor population. The beta 1-adrenergic receptors in human adipocytes can thus be divided into two subpopulations on the basis of the different consequences of their interaction wtih agonist molecules.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Assessment of renal parenchymal thickness in normal children.

The normal range of variation of the parenchymal thickness in well defined parts of the kidney was determined in children (0 to 15 years). The values were correlated with the distance between the superior surface of L1 and the inferior surface of L3. The ratio between the parenchymal thickness on the right side and the left side was also determined. The results are compiled in two nomograms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Early detection of nephropathy in childhood urinary tract infection.

Early detection and treatment of nephropathy in childhood urinary tract infection is important for the planning of treatment and supervision. In patients without abnormalities of calyces or defects of kidney outline standardized measurements of the thickness of the parenchyma at three sites on each kidney are more informative in establishing early affection of the kidney than other measurable parameters available. The majority of patients who will develop focal renal scarring can be identified early after their first symptomatic infection from measurement of the appropriate dimensions of the parenchyma.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Interaction between beta-adrenergic receptors and guanine nucleotide sites in turkey erythrocyte membranes.

beta 1-Adrenergic receptors from turkey erythrocyte membranes have been identified by specific binding of the radiolabeled antagonist (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol. These receptors are inactivated by the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide when occupied by beta-adrenergic agonists but not when occupied by antagonists or when unoccupied. A time-dependent decrease of the number of receptor sites is observed. Inactivation affects 45-60% of the sites, regardless of the agonist or N-ethylmaleimide concentration. The guanine nucleotides GTP and 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate effectively protect the receptors against agonist-mediated inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide. Protection by ATP necessitates a 100-fold higher concentration; 10 mM NaF is ineffective. The guanine nucleotide effect is reversible and occurs via interaction with N-ethylmaleimide-insensitive sites. These observations establish that guanine nucleotide sites interact with and caused structural modification of the agonist-occupied beta-adrenergic receptors in turkey erythrocyte membranes.

Allosteric Regulation↗
PubMed1980

Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in children with renal damage associated with urinary tract infections.

Autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall (TH) protein were analyzed in sera from 116 patients with pyelonephritis. The increases in antibody levels were limited in 23 patients with radiological detected renal damage during 31 attacks of acute pyelonephritis. 8 children with abnormally low total and/or unilateral 51Cr EDTA clearance had significantly lower IgG antibody levels to TH protein, than 14 children with normal clearance rate. All 61 children with renal damage had significantly low IgG, IgA and IgM antibody levels to TH protein 6 months after last infection as compared to the reference group. For IgG antibodies, the mean was well below -2 S.D. 12 children with increased serum creatinine had significantly lower IgG antibody levels than those with

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Complications of angiography in children and means of prevention.

In 267 consecutive angiographic examinations in children 14 thromboembolic complications occurred: following surgical exposure 8 complications in 14 cases and 6 complications in 253 percutaneous angiographies. The origin of thrombus during angiography has recently been clarified. Technical advances such as thin walled catheters, systemic heparinization and lately heparinized catheters decreased the complication rate significantly, no complication occurred among the last 153 examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Metrizamide and metrizoate for cardioangiography in infants. Comparison of heart rate and arrhythmia.

The cardiotoxic effect of Isopaque Coronar (metrizoate 370 mg I/ml) and Amipaque (metrizamide 370 mg I/ml) was analysed in 52 infants weighing less than 5 kg. In each group of patients 37 injections of contrast medium were performed and the immediate side effects, extrasystoles and change in heart frequency, were recorded. Amipaque caused significantly less bradycardia and significantly fewer immediate extrasystoles than Isopaque Coronar. The results indicate a lower cardiotoxicity of Amipaque in cardioangiography in infants.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1980

Kidney split function in children. A comparative study between renography and planimetry from urography.

The suitability of the background-subtracted renogram as a method for separate kidney function in children was evaluated by comparison with planimetry of the individual renal parenchymal area measured from urography. In different groups of renal disorders the total kidney function as reflected by the glomerular filtration rate has been compared with the sum of right and left renal parenchymal areas. The percentage side distribution of kidney function estimated from the renogram combined with measurements of total glomerular filtration rate has been correlated to individual renal parenchymal area. A good correlation was found for both total and separate measurements. A moderate scatter around the regression lines has to be taken into consideration when kidney function is judged from planimetry. A highly significant correlation was observed between renography and planimetry for the percentage distribution of kidney function, indicating that both methods are well suited for determining the side distribution of kidney function. For calculation of individual kidney function, combination of renography and 51Cr-EDTA-clearance offers a reliable method with a modest dose of irradiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Treatment and sequelae of angiographic complications in children.

Fourteen cases of thromboembolic complications appeared in 267 consecutive angiographies during a 7-yr period. The arterial circulation has been evaluated both clinically and with oscillometry. The complication rate was substantially higher after cut down then after percutaneous approach (56% vs. 2.7%). Seven patients with signs of total vascular obstruction were subjected to acute thromboectomy whereas three patients with milder clinical symptoms were treated nonoperatively with anticoagulants. Four patients have died during the examination period, the remaining ten patients have been subjected to long term follow-up (mean follow-up period 3 yr). Seven demonstrated normal findings clinically, as well as oscillographically, whereas three patients subjected ot thromboectomy after cut down were clinically normal but decreased oscillographic pulsations could be demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of Isopaque Coronar 370 and Amipaque in angiocardiography in infants.

Experimental studies and some clinical investigations have indicated that Amipaque (metrizamide) is less cardiotoxic than other contrast media in common use for angiocardiography. It, therefore, seemed motivated to find out whether these findings are valid in the high-risk group of neonates and small infants subjected to angiocardiography.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1977

Physical training in human hyperplastic obesity. IV. Effects on the hormonal status.

Severly obese subjects and sex- and age-matched controls underwnet physical training during a 6-wk period. Evidence of training was shown in all subjects by increased aerobic power. Before training the obese subjects were characterized by the following abberations: decreased glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood glycerol and plasma free fatty acids, and a blunted plasma growth hormone response during glucose tolerance. Noradrenaline output was elevated, a finding of potential interest for the explanation of increased lipolysis, blood pressure, and heart size in obesity. With training the following changes were found:In the controls there was evidence for the beginning of a decrease of adipose tissue mass. In the obese, however, body weight, body fat, or fat cell size did not decrease during training. Plasma insulin decreased, and a corresponding increase of plasma glycerol was seen. Glucose tolerance was not changed, and this, together with decreased plasma insulin, indicated an increase insulin sensitivity of the periphery. Changes in noradrenaline or growth hormone during training could not explain this increased sensitivity. Urinary cortisol output was found to decrease after training in the obese; this might be interpreted as a decrease in cortisol secretion allowing a more effective insulin action on the periphery.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effects of submaximal physical exercise on adipose tissue metabolism in man.

In order to follow early metabolic adaptations in adipose tissue, which may lead to a decrease in fat cell size and body fat obtained by physical training, two sets of experiments were performed. Obese subjects and a control group exercised on a bicycle at two-thirds of maximal working capacity for one hour. Twenty-four hours thereafter, either on ad libitum diet, or on an isocaloric diet supplemented with calories corresponding to the expanded calories during the work load, an adipose tissue biopsy was taken and fat cell metabolism studied. In obese subjects on and ad libitum or on an isocaloric diet the lipolytic process was increased after the exercise but no significant effects were found on the rates of glucose metabolism. Furthermore, a relationship between cell surface and metabolism was found before, but not after, the work in all groups. No changes were seen in lipoprotein lipase activity. Obese subjects on a controlled diet showed a somewhat higher insulin and catecholamine responsiveness of adipocytes than was the case in the obese subjects on an ad libitum diet. This may well be due to the differences in carbohydrate intake, a factor of importance for hormonal responsiveness of fat cells. The increased basal lipolysis after exercise may be caused by the release of lipolytic hormones, and may well be the first sign of an adaption of the organism to diminish the fat stores as seen in physically trained subjects.

Adipose Tissue↗