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Biomedical subjects

B J Kushner

Publications and source records attributed to B J Kushner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Ocular torsional movements in normal humans.

We conducted three studies of compensatory ocular torsional movements in normal human subjects, using changes in the axis of astigmatism, afterimages, and direct observation with cinematography. Measurements of changes in the axis of astigmatism and the subjects' subjective perception of afterimages with a superimposed Maddox rod showed a partial compensatory intorsion on head tilt to the ipsilateral side and extorsion on head tilt to the contralateral side. Cinematography demonstrated that the eye lags behind the head in a slow rolling movement as the head is tilted. Periodic rotary movements in the direction of the head tilt partially correct the lag and result in a partial compensatory torsion. A fourth experiment excluded false torsion as an artifact in these studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The role of funduscopy and fundus photography in strabismus diagnosis.

Fundus photographs taken in 66 patients with vertical strabismus were analyzed in a blind study with respect to ocular torsion. The objective presence or absence of ocular torsion was then correlated with the patient's clinical diagnosis. The presence or absence of objective ocular torsion as seen in fundus photographs had a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.96 for diagnosing the presence of oblique dysfunction, and a sensitivity of 0.96 and specificity of 0.83 for diagnosing the presence of normal oblique function.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1982

Strabismus and amblyopia associated with regressed retinopathy of prematurity.

A series of 38 patients with regressed retinopathy of prematurity were compared with control groups of babies having similar gestational age who did not have retinopathy of prematurity, and to a control group of full-term babies. A substantially higher incidence of strabismus, amblyopia, and high refractive errors was found in the group with retinopathy of prematurity as compared with both other groups. In general, these patients had a successful response to standard amblyopia and strabismus management. No substantial difference was found between the refractive errors of the babies in the premature control group and the term control group.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1982

Congenital nasolacrimal system obstruction.

A series of 132 children with congenital nasolacrimal system obstruction was prospectively randomized into three groups to determine the effectiveness of different modes of nonsurgical treatment. Massaging the nasolacrimal sac in a manner that increased hydrostatic pressure and ruptured the membranous obstruction was more effective (with a high degree of statistical significance) than simple massage or no massage at all. Of those children requiring nasolacrimal probing, a high success rate was found with simple obstructions in the nasolacrimal duct. Failure of probing was more common in canalicular obstructions or generally narrow nasolacrimal ducts. Silicone intubation of the nasolacrimal system is an effective way of treating cases not cured by probing.

Dacryocystorhinostomy↗
PubMed1982

Silicone intubation for obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct in children.

We performed 63 intubations with silicone tubing for nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children in whom nasolacrimal duct probings had failed. Fifty-nine (93.7%) obstructions were congenital and four (6.3%) were acquired. The average length of intubation was 4.3 months. The final results for both congenital and acquired obstructions combined were good in 52 cases (82.5%), fair in three (4.8%), and poor in eight (12.7%). Complications, with the exception of some with infection, were easily treated or minimal and did not affect the outcome significantly. We recommend silicone intubation as the procedure of choice for congenital or acquired nasolacrimal duct obstructions in children after failure of medical therapy and nasolacrimal duct probings.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

Intralesional corticosteroid injection for infantile adnexal hemangioma.

I treated ten patients who had adnexal hemangioma with intralesional injections of corticosteroid. A marked and lasting regression of the hemangioma occurred in eight of the patients and one had a moderate response. This treatment also proved effective in preventing amblyopia in infants who had large hemangiomas that occluded the visual axis, and often resulted in a reversal of the astigmatism induced by these tumors. There were no complications. The advantages of intralesional corticosteroid injection include ease of administration, speed of action, apparent freedom from adverse side effects, and repeatability.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1982

Paresis and restriction of the inferior rectus muscle after orbital floor fracture.

Six patients had both restriction and paresis of the inferior rectus muscle after blowout fracture of the inferior orbital floor. All six were orthophoric in the primary position but had a severely constricted field of single binocular vision with troublesome diplopia on upgaze and downgaze. Recessing both the inferior rectus muscle and the superior rectus muscle in the injured eye greatly increased the field of single binocular vision. The symptoms improved in all six cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of strabismus in shortened exam lanes versus the 20-foot lane.

The angle of strabismus was compared in 62 patients when measured at 10 feet and in a 20-foot mirrored system, to measurements at 20 feet. Several divergence excess type exodeviations were measured as being significantly less, relative to the 20-foot measurements. High accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio type esotropes were often measured as being significantly higher in the 10-foot room, relative to the 20-foot measurements. Having a shortened or mirrored lane for strabismus measurement could significantly alter the mode of treatment or amount of surgery in strabismus patients and possibly yield a less than optimal result in strabismus management.

Esotropia↗
PubMed1981

Functional amblyopia associated with organic ocular disease.

Thirteen patients who had functional amblyopia associated either causally or coincidentally with organic ocular abnormalities still responded to conventional amblyopia therapy. The presence of separation difficulty or improvement in visual acuity with a neutral density filter helps predict the presence of functional amblyopia in patients with organic abnormalities.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1981

Simulated superior oblique palsy.

Accurate interpretation of the Bielschowsky head tilt phenomenon, as incorporated in the three-step test, relies on the assumption that the patient has a palsy of an isolated cyclovertical muscle. Other causes of hypertropia, including restrictions, associated horizontal deviations, previous strabismus surgery, and symmetric oblique overaction, if not recognized, may lead to erroneous diagnosis of superior oblique palsy with the three-step test. Seven representative cases are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ocular causes of abnormal head postures.

A prospective study was undertaken to analyze the different causes of abnormal head postures on ocular bases. Eight basic mechanisms were found in a series of 188 patients. Incomitance accounted for 62.7% of the head postures and nystagmus for 20.2%. Important diagnostic criteria for evaluating patients with head postures are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Local steroid therapy in adnexal hemangioma.

Hemangiomas of the eyelid and adnexa in infants may require treatment if they threaten to induce amblyopia or motility disturbances. Four cases are presented that were treated with local injection of corticosteroids. Three responded favorably. Advantages over other modes of treatment are discussed.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1979

Jensen procedure modified.

A modification of the Jensen procedure is presented to aid in preserving the anterior segment blood supply. It involves a union of only part of the lateral rectus muscle with the temporal halves of the superior and inferior rectus muscles. The anterior ciliary artery in the lateral rectus is not included in in the union.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1977

Retrolental Fibroplasia. II. Pathologic correlation.

Retinas of 142 eyes from 71 premature infants on whom autopsies had been done were studied by gross observation and by using PAS-stained whole mount, trypsin-digest, and conventional histological techniques. With these techniques, vascular pathologic condition was correlated with fluorescein angiograms in living infants with acute retrolental fibroplasia. The specific lesions seen in acute phase were a major arteriovenous shunt in the eye, microvascular changes including tufting, and obliteration of capillaries around arteries and veins. Regression occurred by vascular budding from the anterior edge of the shunt. Observations on vascularization in the normal indicated a variability of the level of maturation of the retinal vasculature, only roughly correlated with gestational age.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗