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Biomedical subjects

B J Kushner

Publications and source records attributed to B J Kushner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The diagnosis and treatment of bilateral masked superior oblique palsy.

I reviewed retrospectively the records of 147 consecutive patients who had superior oblique palsy. Of the 147 patients, 28 had bilateral superior oblique palsies, and in nine of the 28 the involvement was so asymmetric that the palsy in the lesser affected eye was either completely masked or almost masked preoperatively. Relying on preoperative diagnostic criteria such as the presence of bilateral objective torsion, cover testing in the oblique fields of gaze, size of the subjective cyclotropia, amount of the "V" shift, and subjective symptoms, all nine patients underwent bilateral surgery at the time of their initial operation and obtained satisfactory results. No patient was later found to have bilateral masked superior oblique palsy after unilateral surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Paradoxic pupillary phenomena. A review of patients with pupillary constriction to darkness.

The presence of pupillary constriction to darkness is said to be a useful indicator of retinal disease. However, it is also associated with optic nerve disease. The phenomenon has been reported in patients with congenital stationary nightblindness, congenital achromatopsia, bilateral optic neuritis, and dominant optic atrophy. We have observed this response in additional disorders, including anomalies of the optic nerve development, congenital nystagmus, and a variety of diseases affecting the retina. Notably, four of our patients with strabismus and amblyopia, but without apparent retinal or optic nerve disease, have also demonstrated this paradoxic pupil response. While the mechanism for pupillary constriction to darkness remains unclear, the finding of this response in patients without retinal or optic nerve abnormalities questions its value as a localizing sign.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Successful treatment of functional amblyopia associated with juvenile glaucoma.

Twelve patients with either unilateral or bilateral juvenile glaucoma underwent standard amblyopia management for the treatment of suspected functional amblyopia secondary to their glaucoma. Despite the presence of glaucomatous cupping or corneal changes, the amblyopia therapy was successful in ten patients.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1987

Oculocardiac reflex during manipulation of adjustable sutures after strabismus surgery.

We studied 44 patients who underwent strabismus surgery with the use of adjustable sutures to determine the occurrence of the oculocardiac reflex during the postoperative adjustment process. We defined the reflex as at least a 10% decrease in the baseline heart rate. Only two patients (4.5%) displayed an oculocardiac reflex during the adjustment. We did not identify any preadjustment factors that would increase the susceptibility to develop the reflex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of partly accommodative esotropia with a high accommodative convergence-accommodation ratio.

We conducted a prospective, randomized, masked comparison of two treatments for the nonaccommodative element in esotropic patients with a high accommodative convergence-accommodation ratio. One group received symmetric medial rectus recessions with posterior fixation sutures; the other received symmetric medial rectus recessions without posterior fixation sutures but augmented according to formula taking into account the near deviation. Previous experience had suggested that our surgical formula based solely on the distance deviation would lead to excessive undercorrections. A higher percentage of the augmented recession group achieved satisfactory alignment and were able to discontinue wearing bifocals postoperatively than the posterior fixation group. The data also showed a trend (though not statistically significant) suggesting that more members of the augmented recession group were able to discontinue wearing spectacles entirely. We concluded that the posterior fixation suture technique is not as effective as the augmented recession technique for the treatment of partly accommodative esotropia with a high accommodative convergence-accommodation ratio.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1986

Visual results after surgery for monocular juvenile cataracts of undetermined onset.

Seventeen of 216 operations I performed for juvenile cataract were in patients between 1 and 51/4 years of age who had monocular cataract of unknown origin and unknown time of onset. In 14 of them final visual acuities were 20/50 or better. In an additional eight children in whom the age at onset of the cataract could not be determined with certainty, but in whom microphthalmos suggested that it was congenital, the visual results were uniformly poor. Surgery for a monocular cataract of undetermined onset in a young child without microphthalmos may carry an excellent prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Abnormal sensory findings secondary to monocular cataracts in children and strabismic adults.

Three children between the ages of 4 and 6 years had untreated monocular traumatic cataracts, for several years. Although amblyopia did not develop, there was a disruption of fusion that resulted in horror fusionis after cataract surgery. Two adults with strabismus and amblyopia since childhood developed cataracts as adults. The occlusion caused by these long-standing cataracts appeared to eliminate suppression and resulted in horror fusionis.

Cataract↗
PubMed1985

Acquired and progressive myelinated nerve fibers.

Follow-up data are presented on a previously described child in whom myelinated nerve fibers presumably developed 5 1/2 months after an optic nerve decompression. During the subsequent five years, the myelinated nerve fibers have progressively enlarged. Five years after surgery, myelinated nerve fibers appeared in the patient's fellow eye. An additional two cases of documented acquired myelinated nerve fibers without any predisposing factors are reported. Myelinated nerve fibers can appear and progress after infancy.

Child↗
PubMed1985

The treatment of periorbital infantile hemangioma with intralesional corticosteroid.

A series of 25 patients with periorbital hemangiomas was treated with intralesional corticosteroid injection. This resulted in a marked involution of the tumor in 16 patients, a moderate involution in 5 patients, and a minimal response in 4. No local or systemic complications were noted. The overall incidence of ocular complications in the form of amblyopia or strabismus secondary to the hemangiomas was 16 percent.

Betamethasone↗
PubMed1984

A randomized comparison of surgical procedures for infantile esotropia.

In a prospective, randomized, masked study we compared the treatment of infantile esotropia using bilateral medial rectus muscle recessions of a graded amount from the insertion to standard 10.5-mm recession from the corneoscleral limbus. Of the patients undergoing recession of the medial recti muscles 10.5 mm from the corneoscleral limbus, 33 of 39 (84%) achieved a final ocular alignment within 10 prism diopters of straight with one operation, compared to 26 of 41 (63%) of the patients undergoing a graded recession from the insertion. The difference was significant (.01 less than P less than .05 by the chi-square test).

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Functional amblyopia associated with abnormalities of the optic nerve.

Seven patients with structural abnormalities of one or both of their optic nerves had decreased visual acuity partly due to functional amblyopia. They were treated with conventional amblyopia therapy and their visual acuities improved. Functional amblyopia can coexist either secondary to, or coincidentally with, structural optic nerve abnormalities.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1984

Retrolental fibroplasia in full-term infants without exposure to supplemental oxygen.

We observed retinal folds identical in appearance to Grade 3 cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia in three infants at birth. In two of them we observed the active lesion of acute retrolental fibroplasia in the fellow eye at birth. These observations lead us to suggest that the active lesion of retrolental fibroplasia can occur in utero and progress to cicatrization in the absence of any obvious precipitating factor.

Diagnosis, Differential↗