[Device for one-man resuscitation].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
B Herrmann
Publications and source records attributed to B Herrmann.
[Physiologic sucking performance and the shape of the oral cavity in infants and young children with respect to the design of nipples for nursing bottles and pacifiers].
Empirical data for functional measurements of the infant oral cavity under stimulated sucking conditions are presented. The data may serve as a basis for the design of nourishing and nipple-shaped pacifiers. Casts of the oral cavity during sucking show a sagittal flattening. The length of the nipple-head influences sucking capacity.
Bottle Feeding↗
Mapping to molecular resolution in the T to H-2 region of the mouse genome with a nested set of meiotic recombinants.
We describe a meiotic fine-structure mapping strategy for achieving molecular access to developmental mutations in the mouse. The induction of lethal point mutations with the potent germ-line mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea has been reported. One lethal mutation of prime interest is an allele at the quaking locus on chromosome 17. To map this mutation, quaking(lethal-1), we have intercrossed hybrid mice that carry distinct alleles at many classical and DNA marker loci on proximal chromosome 17. From this cross we have obtained 337 animals recombinant in the T to H-2 region. This number of crossovers provides a mapping resolution in the size range of single mammalian genes if recombinational hot spots are absent. DNA samples obtained from these recombinant animals can be used retrospectively to map any restriction fragment length polymorphism in the region. This set of DNA samples has been used to map the molecular marker D17RP17 just distal of quaking(lethal-1). With the nested set of crossover DNA samples and appropriate cloning techniques, this tightly linked marker can be used to clone the quaking locus.
Animals↗
[Effect of hemodilution with 10% hydroxyethyl starch solution (MW 200,000/9.5) on the flow properties of blood, arterial blood gases and conjunctival oxygen partial pressure in patients with cerebral infarct].
Hemorheological parameters, arterial blood gases and conjunctival oxygen tension were measured in 15 patients with acute ischemic stroke and compared with values obtained in an age matched reference group. Since the conjunctival capillary bed is perfused by the ophthalmic artery, it reflects the oxygen delivery to the areas supplied by the internal carotid artery. Measurements of conjunctival oxygen tension are simple and safe. Patients with acute ischemic stroke showed a lowered conjunctival oxygen tension; this holds true especially to the ipsilateral side, i.e. the side where the attack occurred, and to a lesser extent to the other side. By contrast, the ratio of arterial/conjunctival pO2 was disturbed only on the ipsilateral side. Furthermore, these patients had pathologically elevated values for red cell aggregation, whole blood and plasma viscosity. After infusing 500 ml 10% middle-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch (10% HAES-steril) and phlebotomy (250 ml) blood fluidity was normalized, although the hematokrit was only slightly reduced. Arterial pO2 improved slightly while pCO2 remained unchanged. Conjunctival oxygen tension improved by 30% on the ipsilateral and by 10% on the contralateral side, the ipsilateral values always remaining significantly lower. The ratio conjunctival/arterial pO2 raised only on the ipsilateral side where it was below the reference range before hemodilution. In addition to the well known improvement of blood fluidity and augmentation of cerebral blood flow following hemodilution in patients with acute ischemic stroke, there seems to be an increase in oxygen supply in the territories of both internal carotid arteries, especially on the ipsilateral side as indicated by the values of conjunctival oxygen tension and the ratio of conjunctival to arterial pO2.
Blood Viscosity↗
[Nursing and psychological aspects in relations with patients with sleep disorders].
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Combined Modality Therapy↗
[Psychiatric nursing in research].
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Depressive Disorder↗
B-cell lymphomas of high-grade malignancy frequently lack HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ antigens and associated invariant chain.
The expression of HLA-DR, HLA-DP and HLA-DQ antigens was studied in an unselected series of 66 B-cell lymphomas by means of immunohistology using monoclonal antibodies against non-polymorphic determinants in a sensitive immunoperoxidase technique. In addition, the expression of the MHC class-II antigen-associated invariant chain (li) was examined. The tumors were classified according to the Kiel classification, 30 being of high-grade and 36 being of low-grade malignancy. Only 6 lymphomas of high-grade and 16 lymphomas of low-grade malignancy showed coordinate strong expression of all HLA class-II antigens and invariant chain as observed in the normal peripheral B cell. Six further tumors of high-grade and 8 tumors of low-grade malignancy contained tumor-cell subsets with reduced expression of one or several of the antigens. Eighteen lymphomas of high-grade and 12 lymphomas of low-grade malignancy contained varying tumor-cell subsets that were negative for HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ and li in a selective or combined manner. Three highly malignant tumors were devoid of all class-II antigens and li; 2 highly malignant tumors expressed invariant chain only. The presence of high-grade malignancy was significantly correlated with the occurrence of tumor cells lacking HLA-DR (p = 0.004), HLA-DP (p = 0.013), HLA-DQ (p = 0.007) or li (p = 0.024).
B-Lymphocytes↗
Defective expression of MHC class I antigens is frequent in B-cell lymphomas of high-grade malignancy.
An unselected series of 66 immunohistologically proven B-cell lymphomas was examined for the expression of MHC class I antigens with monoclonal antibodies directed against non-polymorphic determinants of HLA-A,B,C heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin. The tumors were classified according to the Kiel classification. No significant differences were observed in the reaction for HLA-A,B,C and beta 2m which may be indicative of a coordinate expression in our lymphoma series. In 37 cases (56%), all tumor cells exhibited strong staining for class I antigens as observed in normal B cells. The remaining 29 cases (44%) showed abnormally low or undetectable class I expression in varying tumor cell subsets; 13 cases were completely devoid of HLA-A,B,C. Twenty-two out of 30 lymphomas of high-grade malignancy but only 7/36 lymphomas of low-grade malignancy presented defective class I expression. This difference in proportion is highly significant (p less than 0.00002). Eleven of the 13 class I-negative lymphomas belonged to the group of high-grade malignancy. Centrocytic lymphoma, which has the poorest prognosis among the B-cell lymphomas of low-grade malignancy, was defective in 40% of the cases examined. The lymphoblastic type represented an exception within the lymphomas of high-grade malignancy as no defective expression was observed. In addition to the correlation between the high-grade malignancy and defective class I expression, defects occurred more frequently in lymphomas with an extra-nodal primary manifestation (p less than 0.05). The grade of malignancy, however, was not correlated with the primary site of the lymphoma.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Molecular evidence for the rapid propagation of mouse t haplotypes from a single, recent, ancestral chromosome.
Mouse t haplotypes are variant forms of chromosome 17 that exist at high frequencies in worldwide populations of two species of commensal mice. To determine both the relationship of t haplotypes to each other and the species within which they exist, 35 representative t haplotypes were analyzed by means of 10 independent molecular probes, including five DNA clones and five polypeptide spots identified by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. All of the tested haplotypes were found to share restriction fragments and polypeptide spots that are absent in mice carrying wild-type forms of chromosome 17. This observation provides the first direct evidence that all of the known t haplotypes are descendents of a single ancestral chromosome. The absence of variation among t haplotypes could mean that this ancestral chromosome existed relatively recently, in which case it would be necessary to postulate introgressions of t haplotypes across species lines to explain their presence in both Mus domesticus and M. musculus. Alternatively, it is possible that the ancestral chromosome existed prior to the split between M. domesticus and M. musculus and that, by chance, our probes fail to detect polymorphisms that exist among the t haplotypes. A further result of our analysis is the characterization of a partial t haplotype in a wild population of Israeli mice.
Animals↗
Genetic analysis of the proximal portion of the mouse t complex: evidence for a second inversion within t haplotypes.
Genomic sequences derived from the mouse t complex by a microdissection cloning technique have been used as tools to obtain high resolution genetic maps of the wild-type and t haplotype forms of the most proximal portion of chromosome 17. Genetic mapping was performed through a recombinant inbred strain analysis and an analysis of partial t haplotypes. The accumulated data demonstrate the existence of a large inversion of genetic material, encompassing the loci of T and qk, within the proximal portion of t haplotypes. This newly described proximal inversion and the previously described distal inversion provide an explanation for the suppression of recombination observed along the length of t haplotype DNA in heterozygous mice.
Animals↗
Differences of nucleoproteins of human and avian influenza A virus strains shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by the peptide mapping technique.
Electrophoretic mobility differences in polyacrylamide gels were detected between (35S)-methionine-labelled nucleoproteins (NPs) induced in monolayer cells by 15 human and 4 avian reference strains of influenza viruses. The (35S)-methionine-labelled tryptic peptides of nucleoproteins of these strains were also analyzed by peptide mapping technique. Based on several detectable hydrophilic peptides the NPs could be arranged in 7 clearly differentiable groups. After radioiodination of NPs from 4 human and 3 avian reference strains the tryptic peptide patterns showed one clear difference between human and avian strains.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
[Computerized tomographic study of medieval coffins].
Two medieval coffins containing neonates were examined by CT. The advantages of using computed tomography, compared with conventional x-ray techniques, for analysing various objects within a receptacle are demonstrated.
Burial↗
Variation of influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated in the G.D.R. during 1969-1980 epidemics.
A collection of 39 influenza A virus strains of the subtype H3N2 isolated in G.D.R. and of six reference strains were analysed with regard to the antigenic structure of their surface proteins haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) as well as regarding their polypeptide variations. For the field strains during the drift period from spring 1969 to spring 1980 seven main variations resulted from eight polyclonal sera with the haemagglutination inhibition test, and five main variations from six polyclonal sera with the neuraminidase inhibition test. Using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis polypeptide variations in HA, nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2 and nucleoprotein (NP) were detected. It could be shown that, even during one epidemic, strains circulated with different polypeptide composition. With the help of peptide mapping further variations of NP and NS1 were registered. The mechanisms leading to the emergence of new epidemic strains are discussed.
Animals↗
The primary mediastinal clear cell lymphoma of B-cell type has variable defects in MHC antigen expression.
Eight cases of the recently reported 'primary mediastinal clear cell lymphoma of B-cell type' (Möller et al., 1986) were examined immunohistologically for the expression of cytoplasmic and/or surface antigens of MHC class I and II with mAbs directed against framework determinants of HLA-A,B,C (W6/32; B9.12.1), HLA-DP,DR,DQ (2.06), -DQ (Leu 10; Tü22), -DR (Tü34) gene products, and with mAbs specific for beta 2-microglobulin (BBM-1) and the HLA-D associated invariant chain (Vic-Y1). Besides the reported Ig-deficiency, the neoplastic B-cells of 7/8 tumours have variable defects in MHC antigen expression. Three lack both class I and class II antigens, one tumour lacks class I antigens but expresses HLA-DQ and -DR on the majority of neoplastic cells, three others contain varying proportions of MHC-antigen deficient tumour cells. The expression of Ii is closely correlated with HLA-D(R) expression and its antigenic sites are strictly located in the cytoplasm. Against the background of current knowledge, the variable and occasionally severe defects in MHC antigen expression within the herein presented series of B-cell lymphomas suggest that this unusual feature might be another characteristic of a novel lymphoma type.
Adult↗
Isolation, characterization and chromosomal mapping of the mouse tyrosine aminotransferase gene.
The tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene is expressed in a tissue and developmental-specific manner. In addition, this gene is regulated by glucocorticoid and polypeptide hormones and its expression is affected when a regulatory region near the albino locus of the mouse is deleted. In order to allow studies of the molecular effects of these deletion mutations we have isolated and characterized the mouse TAT gene. The gene is 9.2 x 10(3) bases in length and consists of 12 exons which give rise to a 2.3 x 10(3) base long messenger RNA. The DNA sequence at the 5' end of the gene was determined and compared with the corresponding sequence of the rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene. The sequence comparison showed extensive homology over the entire region sequenced. In addition, DNA: DNA heteroduplex studies between the mouse and rat tyrosine aminotransferase genes revealed that this homology extends over the entire gene and its flanking sequences. The mouse tyrosine aminotransferase gene has been mapped distal to the serum esterase-1 locus on mouse chromosome 8, using a restriction fragment length polymorphism between two mouse species. Since the albino deletions are located on mouse chromosome 7, the assignment of the TAT gene to chromosome 8 suggests that a regulatory factor(s) affecting TAT gene expression acts in trans.
Animals↗
Molecular probes define different regions of the mouse t complex.
Four genomic clones obtained from microdissected fragments of the proximal portion of mouse chromosome 17 have been used to identify a series of t-haplotype-specific restriction fragments. Their specificity is defined by presence in eight complete t haplotypes and absence from 18 inbred strains of wild-type mice. Partial t haplotypes contain subsets of the t-specific fragments, and each can be classified according to the t-specific fragments it contains. This is the first molecular evidence that independent partial t haplotypes contain different lengths of t haplotype DNA. Recombination studies indicate that partial t haplotypes suppress recombination in proportion to the extent of t haplotype DNA they contain. Molecular analysis of partial t haplotypes shows that the t-specific fragments map to and thus define different regions of the t complex. Certain regions of t haplotype DNA defined by t-specific restriction fragments can be correlated with loci involved in the control of transmission ratio distortion.
Alleles↗
Degradation of human immunoglobulins G and M and complement factors C3 and C5 by black-pigmented Bacteroides.
Strains of Bacteroides, Capnocytophaga and Fusobacterium were examined by immunological methods for their ability to degrade the human serum proteins IgG, IgM, C3 and C5. The proteolytic activity of the strains was measured in terms of the breakdown of serum into trichloroacetic acid-soluble material. Only black-pigmented Bacteroides strains showed proteolytic activity. Strains of B. gingivalis degraded IgG, IgM, C3 and C5, strains of B. intermedius IgG and C3, strains of B. endodontalis C3 and IgG and a strain of B. loeschei degraded only IgG. These findings are discussed in relation to the pathogenicity of the black-pigmented Bacteroides.
Bacteroides↗
The variability of genes of influenza A (H3N2) virus strains isolated in the G.D.R. during the 1970-1978 epidemic seasons.
Gene variability of all influenza A virus strains (H3N2) isolated in the G.D.R. during the epidemic seasons of 1970-1978 was investigated by cRNA:vRNA hybridization. From 1970 through 1975 a gradual smooth variability of the majority of genes and moderate heterogeneity in gene homology of the isolates were observed. From 1975 through 1977 the genome variability was more profound and the isolates differed from one another in gene homology. In 1978 the variability became less pronounced again. Quantitative evaluation of the variability for individual genes gave the following results: 0.4% nucleotides per year for genes, 1, 2, 3 (P proteins), 1.4% for gene 4 (HA), 0.1% for gene 5 (NP), 1.0% for gene 6 (NA), 0.1% for gene 7 (M) and 0.4 for gene 8 (NS).
Disease Outbreaks↗