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Biomedical subjects

B Harris

Publications and source records attributed to B Harris.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of dry matter intake from whole goat milk and calf milk replacer on performance of Nubian goat kids.

The dry matter in calf milk replacer was compared with dry matter in goat milk for Nubian goat kids. Kids were fed the following diets from 4 days of age for 6 wk: 1) whole goat milk (14.0% dry matter), 2) calf milk replacer (13.5% dry matter), and 3) calf milk replacer (18.0% dry matter). Body weight of kids fed whole milk and 18.0% dry matter milk replacer increased each week. Kids fed the 13.5% dry matter milk replacer increased in weight to the 3rd wk but steadily declined thereafter. Total weight gain was more for kids fed whole milk (3.89 kg) than for kids fed milk replacer diets with 13.5 or 18.0% dry matter (.79 and 3.06 kg, respectively). For the first 3 wk, average daily gain was lowest for kids fed 18.0% milk replacer diet, but highest for wk 4 to 6. These data indicate that 3-week-old goat kids can utilize large amounts of dry matter from milk replacer to sustain a rate of growth similar to that of kids fed whole milk; however, high amounts of dry matter from milk replacer are poorly utilized by kids during the first 3 wk of life.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1984

Tremor.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

The relationship of dietary and serum vitamin A to the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in sexually active women.

Sexually active women with colposcopically directed, biopsy-proved cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were matched with normal control subjects with regard to age, race, and socioeconomic status, in order to determine if dietary and serum vitamin A (retinol) levels can be considered one of the contributing risk factors for the development of this disease process. An evaluation of women in the group with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia statistically showed lower levels of serum vitamin A (p = 0.1), although, dietary profiles of both groups did not yield a statistically significant difference (p = 0.7). These results suggest that low serum levels of vitamin A may be associated with the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Appetite and weight change in patients presenting with depressive illness.

Appetite and weight in 193 moderately depressed outpatients who satisfied Feighner's criteria for a primary depressive episode were found to be strongly associated with previous appetite and weight history. There was no overall association between weight change and severity of depression, nor with the classical features of endogenous depression, such as early morning waking and morning worsening of mood. Appetite change in either direction was, however, associated with a more severe degree of depression on the Hamilton and Beck scales. Normal appetite changes in response to stress occur in an exaggerated way in this depressive illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

'Maternity blues' and hormone levels in saliva.

Psychological symptoms were monitored for 5 days post partum, and specimens of saliva were taken for assays of cortisol, progesterone and oestradiol. Of 40 normal primiparous mothers, the 5 who experienced most severe 'maternity blues' were matched with 5 who were symptom-free. On the day of symptoms, concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol were significantly higher in the experimental group (P less than 0.02 and less than 0.05, respectively), but mean cortisol concentrations did not differ between the groups. This pilot study has demonstrated the potential value of using a non-invasive technique (obtaining specimens of saliva) in conjunction with determinations of a predictable mood change.

Depression↗
PubMed1984

Comparative in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin against anaerobic bacteria.

The in vitro activities of two new antimicrobial agents, apalcillin and cefpiramide (SM-1652), were evaluated against 324 strains of anaerobic bacteria. Apalcillin (a penicillin derivative) and cefpiramide (a semisynthetic cephalosporin) were compared with piperacillin, moxalactam, and cefoxitin. Organisms studied included the Bacteroides fragilis group, other Bacteroides species, fusobacteria, clostridia, nonsporeforming gram-positive rods, and anaerobic cocci. Piperacillin was found to be the most active overall, inhibiting 96% of the strains tested at its achievable level in serum (128 micrograms/ml). Apalcillin was comparable in activity to piperacillin, inhibiting 93% of anaerobes tested at this concentration. The other antibiotics inhibited ca. 80% of the strains at 32 micrograms/ml. In terms of activities against particular species, apalcillin was active against 75% of B. fragilis group strains and 97 to 100% of all other anaerobes. Cefpiramide inhibited 37% of B. fragilis group strains at 32 micrograms/ml and 68% at 64 micrograms/ml (a level that may be achievable with this drug). Cefpiramide inhibited 92% of all other anaerobes at 32 micrograms/ml and 95% at 64 micrograms/ml. The clostridia other than Clostridium perfringens were the most resistant (84% inhibited at 32 micrograms/ml and 95% inhibited at 64 micrograms/ml).

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of Gonozyme, an enzyme immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of gonorrhea.

A new indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Gonozyme (Abbott Laboratories), was assessed for rapid detection of gonococcal antigens. A correlation of optic density (OD) readings by EIA with colony counts of serial dilutions of Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 19424 disclosed that EIA detected 10(3) CFU/ml at OD readings of 0.1 to 0.3, that EIA consistently detected greater than or equal to 10(4) CFU/ml at OD readings of 0.6 to 1.3, and that concentrations of greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml were associated with OD readings of greater than or equal to 2.0. The clinical usefulness of Gonozyme was evaluated by comparing results of EIA with those of Gram stain (GS) and culture for N. gonorrhoeae from urethral and endocervical swabs obtained prospectively in 886 randomly selected patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. The patients evaluated included 83 female contacts of men with gonorrhea and 56 patients seen at the clinic for test of cure. In tests with 295 males, the sensitivities of GS and EIA were 91.3 and 97.1%, respectively, and both tests had specificities of greater than 96%. In tests with 591 females, the sensitivities of GS and EIA were 51.4 and 96.4%, respectively (P less than 0.0001, Z proportionality test), and the specificities were 98.7 and 86.5%, respectively (P less than 0.0001). In tests with 61 females and 3 males, EIA was positive, whereas GS and cultures were negative for N. gonorrhoeae. Gonozyme is a highly sensitive method for rapid detection of gonococcal antigens. EIA is comparable to GS for males and more sensitive though less specific than GS for females. Possible reasons for the lower specificity of EIA for females are discussed. Due to its high negative predictive value for female contacts, EIA offers an alternative to epidemiological treatment of contacts before culture results.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Changes occurring in appetite and weight during short-term antidepressant treatment.

Changes in appetite and weight were recorded in mild to moderately depressed out-patients during the course of clinical trials of various antidepressant drugs. After six weeks, differences due to treatment regimes were minimal. Patients who on becoming depressed experienced severe changes in appetite and weight in either direction, tended to return to normal. The significant associations of appetite and weight change during treatment were with weight, appetite, and carbohydrate preference at presentation, and also with the 'appetite history' and 'weight history'. The associations with the degree of depression were relatively minor.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1984

Dysarthria and aphagia: a case study of neuromuscular treatment.

This case study involves a 44-year-old man with flaccid dysarthria, right hemiparesis, left facial paresis, left vocal fold paralysis, and aphagia following multiple gunshot wounds. He was treated surgically with a tracheostomy, feeding gastrostomy, left temporalis muscle sling, left cricopharyngeal myotomy, hypoglossal nerve anastomosis, and left true vocal fold Teflon injection. After seven years, the patient was referred for speech therapy. The areas of glottic closure, velopharyngeal closure, and tongue strength and mobility were stressed initially in speech therapy. Since these mechanisms were related to his aphagia, it was hypothesized that the oral motor activities used for speech would also aid in swallowing. After nine weeks of intensive practice, gains were noted in strength and movement for the tongue, velum and larynx. Shortly thereafter, he swallowed blender-texture food.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rice flour, breath hydrogen, and malabsorption.

In contrast to the incomplete intestinal absorption of many dietary carbohydrates in healthy humans, it has been suggested that rice flour is completely absorbed. The aims of this study were (a) to confirm efficient absorption of rice flour in healthy individuals, (b) to evaluate a "rice breath hydrogen (H2) test" in the investigation of patients with suspected malabsorption, and (c) to compare H2 results with quantitative fecal fat excretion. The test meal consisted of 100 g of carbohydrate in the form of rice pancakes. End expiratory breath samples were collected at 30-min intervals over 8 h and the H2 concentration was analyzed by gas chromatography. Three-day stool fat collections were performed on a 70-g fat intake. The results of the experiment indicated that healthy controls (n = 23) produced minimal H2 [mean increase (delta) +/- SE] = 6.9 +/- 1.4 parts per million (ppm). Patients with pancreatic disease produced 43.2 +/- 8.0 ppm. Complete or partial correction was achieved in each of 6 subjects with oral pancreatic supplements. Twenty-two patients with a variety of small bowel diseases produced a mean increase of 73.2 +/- 21.4 ppm. Breath H2 excretion was maximal in patients with bacterial overgrowth. Disease controls (n = 10) with diarrhea of colonic origin did not produce significant H2. The sensitivity of the rice-breath H2 test compared favorably with quantitative fecal fat excretion. Within individuals, there was a lack of correlation between breath H2 data (an index of CHO malabsorption) and daily stool weight that reflects the presence or absence of diarrhea. This lack of correlation supports the concept that the endogenous microflora salvage considerable quantities of unabsorbed carbohydrate.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Coagglutination for detection and serotyping of bacterial antigens: usefulness in acute pneumonias.

Staphylococcal coagglutination was evaluated for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae antigens in vitro and in the clinical setting of acute pneumonia. Coagglutination testing was performed with Phadebact reagents and with polyvalent and type-specific reagents for pneumococci prepared in the laboratory. Purified capsular antigens of 10 of 14 pneumococcal serotypes (included in the current pneumococcal vaccine formulation) were detected by coagglutination in the range of 0.5-62 ng/ml; serotype 6 was detected at 125 ng/ml, and serotypes 12, 23, and 25 were detected only at 500 ng/ml or more. Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen was detected at 100 ng/ml. Sputum, blood, and urine specimens of 36 consecutive patients admitted with pneumonia were evaluated prospectively by coagglutination. Nonspecific reactions were eliminated by pretreatment with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid and heating and with staphylococcal protein A. Eight of nine patients with sputum cultures positive for pneumococci had positive sputum coagglutination (sensitivity of 89%); 24 of 27 patients with cultures negative for pneumococci had negative sputum coagglutination (specificity of 89%). Serum or urine coagglutination was positive in five patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, including the only bacteremic case, the only fatality, and another patient who had a protracted clinical course. In conclusion, coagglutination is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific test for antigen detection in patients with acute pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Homological versus algebraic equivalence in a jacobian.

Let Z be an algebraic p cycle homologous to zero in an algebraic complex manifold V. Associated to Z is a linear function nu on holomorphic (2p + 1)-forms on V, modulo periods, that vanishes if Z is algebraically equivalent to zero in V. I give a formula for nu for the case of V the jacobian of an algebraic curve C and Z=C - C' (C' = "inverse" of C') in terms of iterated integrals of holomorphic 1-forms on C. If C is the degree 4 Fermat curve, I use this formula to show that C - C' is not algebraically equivalent to zero.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Rapid diagnosis of septic arthritis by coagglutination.

Pneumococcal capsular antigens were detected and serotyped by coagglutination in joint fluids and serum of a patient with septic arthritis within 1 h of obtaining the specimens. Pneumococcal antigens continued to be detected by coagglutination for 3 days, whereas cultures and Gram stains were negative after 1 day of antibiotic therapy.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

Nosocomial outbreak of nitrate-negative Serratia marcescens infections.

Bacteremia due to multiply-antibiotic-resistant Serratia marcescens occurred within 1 week in four patients who were in adjacent beds in an intensive care unit. The strains were serotyped as O14:H12 and were nitrate negative. This unusual biochemical marker was useful in the investigation of the outbreak.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

'Maternity blues' in East African clinic attenders.

It has long been recognized that most mothers experience a transient depressive mood swing within ten days of delivery. Studies have largely been in women from developed countries, and it is of interest to know whether the phenomenon is culture bound or supracultural in its manifestation. A retrospective study of "maternity blues" in 50 East African mothers seen within two to 16 weeks of delivery showed that despite a radically different culture, the incidence resembled that of developed countries. Of 38 mothers who experienced maternity blues, 21 had tearfulness and 14 had somatic features of anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Rapid method that aids in distinguishing Gram-positive from Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria.

Several species of anaerobic bacteria display variable Gram stain reactions which often make identification difficult. A simple, rapid method utilizing a 3% solution of potassium hydroxide to distinguish between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial was tested on 213 strains of anaerobic bacteria representing 19 genera. The Gram stain reaction and KOH test results were compared with the antibiotic disk susceptibilities (vancomycin and colistin) the preliminary grouping of anaerobic bacteria. All three procedures were in agreement for the majority of strains examined. Some strains of clostridia, eubacteria, and bifidobacteria stained gram negative or gram variable; the KOH and antibiotic disk susceptibility tests correctly classified these strains as gram-positive. The KOH test incorrectly grouped some strains of Bacteroides sp., Fusobacterium sp., Leptotrichia buccalis, and Veillonella parvula, but all Gram stain results for these strains were consistent for gram-negative bacteria. The KOH test is a useful supplement to the Gram stain and antibiotic disk susceptibility testing for the initial classification of anaerobic bacteria.

Anaerobiosis↗