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Biomedical subjects

B Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to B Hansen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Incidence of myocardial infarction in Denmark. Results from Dan-Monica 1982-1984].

The mortality from ischemic heart disease in Denmark has changed from a steady increase towards a decrease also in younger males during the 1980s. During this period, the Glostrup Population Studies have registered the incidence of myocardial infarction, risk factor changes and changes in medical care in Copenhagen county (320,000 inhabitants) as part of WHO MONICA, which compares 39 centres in 26 countries. The incidence of myocardial infarction during the first three years, 1982-1984, of the Heart Register, DAN-MONICA at Glostrup Hospital, is reported. The register is complete and valid. If the age specific incidence of myocardial infarction in Denmark was as in this survey, the results indicate an age standardized incidence for the Danish population including all age groups over the age of 25 of 5.58 per 1000 per year (7.48 per 1000 adult males and 3.99 per 1000 adult females).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A new portable device for automatic controlled-gradient cryopreservation of blood mononuclear cells.

Protection of the functional integrity of mononuclear cells stored in liquid N2 requires careful control of the freezing procedure. Consequently, optimal quality of cryopreserved cells is usually assured by freezing according to a specified time-temperature gradient generated by computer-controlled freezing devices. While such equipment offers large capacity and secures maximum survival and functional integrity of the lymphocytes upon thawing, it is quite costly and strictly stationary. We have previously developed and tested an alternative, manual device for controlled-gradient lymphocyte freezing, which has proved suitable for field conditions. We report here the development and testing of a similar micro-controller regulated device, allowing unattended and automatic controlled-gradient cell freezing. The equipment exploits the temperature gradient present between the liquid N2 surface and the neck in an ordinary liquid N2 refrigerator. The lymphocyte samples are placed in a small elevator, which is moved through the N2 gas phase by a stepper motor. Time and temperature are measured at regular intervals, and the position of the samples adjusted to ensure that the actual measurements closely match encoded ideal values. Results of assays of the functional integrity and phenotypic composition of human mononuclear cells frozen by the new system were comparable to those obtained when using cells frozen by a commercially available, stationary cell-freezing equipment, or fresh autologous cell samples tested in parallel. Furthermore, there was a good correlation between functional and phenotypic data obtained using frozen and autologous fresh samples of mononuclear cells. The equipment described is low weight and has low N2 consumption, and is thus suitable for the collection and cryopreservation of lymphocytes under field conditions. Furthermore, the technique provides an inexpensive alternative for researchers with a limited requirement for the simultaneous freezing of large quantities of cells.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1993

Basophil histamine release induced by anti-IgE and concanavalin A. Relation to the total plasma IgE content.

The plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A) has been shown to induce basophil histamine release by an IgE-receptor-dependent process resembling that of anti-IgE-antibodies. In this study, the concentration-response for basophil histamine release from washed blood cells was analyzed in a population of blood samples from adults with a total plasma IgE content ranging from < 5 kU/l to > 18,000 kU/l (n = 108), as well as 148 cord blood samples. The concentration-response-curves for anti-IgE in all adult blood samples were similar, despite the large variation in total plasma IgE--only the cord blood samples showed a decreased sensitivity. In contrast, the optimal concentration of Con A was inversely related to plasma IgE, and this relation was most pronounced in the adult blood samples. It is proposed that IgE-receptor-mediated histamine release may be dependent not only on the number of stimulatory, dimeric cross-links formed between IgE-receptors, but also on the molecular structure of the cross-linking agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Normal immunological status in four patients with ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome (EEC-syndrome).

Lobster-claw deformity of the extremities, clefting of the primary and secondary palate, ectodermal dysplasia, and atresia of the lacrimal system are common features of the ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome (EEC-syndrome). The patients often suffer from repeated infections of eyes, upper respiratory tract and urogenital system. To exclude an immunodeficiency as cause of the infectious predisposition in patients with EEC-syndrome, we screened the immunosystem in four related patients with EEC-syndrome. All patients were found to present normal immunoglobulin production, complement activity, lymphocyte-, and granulocyte function. We conclude that recurrent infections observed in the EEC-syndrome are not caused by an immunological defect, but seem to result solely from anatomical anomalies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Methyl mercury, mercuric chloride, and silver lactate decrease superoxide anion formation and chemotaxis in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Cytotoxic effects of mercuric chloride, methyl mercury, and silver lactate on polymorphonuclear leucocytes have been examined by assaying superoxide anion formation capability and chemotaxis of metal-exposed cells. Both superoxide anion formation and chemotaxis were negatively affected by all three metal compounds. Both bacteriotoxic functions were affected in a dose-dependent fashion, the functional deficits were seen at doses not affecting cell viability. Dose-response curves were remarkably similar for all three compounds. The bacteriotoxic capacity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes may be hampered by mercury and silver.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1993

Complement activation in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: an indicator of systemic disease.

Sixteen patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, verified according to the Copenhagen criteria, were investigated for evidence of complement activation. Thirteen of the patients had intact functional activity of both the classical and alternative pathways, with normal concentrations of the complement proteins C1q, C1s, C3, C4 and the complement protein fragments C2a and C3d in the circulation. In contrast, three patients showed clear evidence of complement activation. Further investigation of these patients revealed manifestations of glomerulonephritis, vasculitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Six months later, one patient developed a malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We conclude that complement activation is generally not associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Evidence of complement activation in patients considered to have primary Sjögren's syndrome should raise the suspicion of concomitant systemic disease and/or extraglandular activity.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Stress echocardiography as a routine examination in coronary heart disease].

The value of stress echocardiography in the routine diagnosis of coronary heart disease was assessed in 100 consecutive patients (22 women, 78 men; mean age 57 [32-83] years) scheduled for coronary angiography because of suspected angina. Exercise consisted of bicycle ergometry (n = 50), on the one hand, simulated exercise with transoesophageal atrial stimulation (n = 16), dipyridamole (n = 33) and dobutamine (n = 33) infusions, on the other. 91 patients were successfully tested by at least one of these procedures, while exercise electrocardiography was successfully employed in only 78 (P < 0.05). Stress echocardiography had a greater sensitivity than exercise electrocardiography (90% vs 78%) and specificity (90% vs 73%). Semiquantitative measurement of wall movement distinguished patients without functionally effective stenosis from those with single or multiple vessel disease (P < 0.001). Stress echocardiography thus makes it possible in most cases to demonstrate or exclude functionally significant coronary artery stenoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Hematopoietic growth factors in primary and therapy-related bone marrow insufficiency].

This investigation is retrospective and comprises 20 patients with bone-marrow insufficiency. During the period 1.4.1988-1.3.1991, these patients were treated with erythropoietin (Epo), the granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or the granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Thirteen patients had primary bone-marrow insufficiency: six had the myelodysplastic syndrome, three had primary myelofibrosis, two aplastic anemia and two myelomatosis. On account of dominating symptoms of anemia, five patients received Epo while eight received GM-CSF as part of an extensive clinical trial of this preparation. Seven patients with relapse of the haematological malignant disease had bone-marrow insufficiency and pancytopenia secondary to intensive chemotherapy/irradiation: four of these patients received GM-CSF and two received G-CSF with the object of increasing bone-marrow regeneration and to render further chemotherapy possible. One patient received GM-CSF with the object of improving bone-marrow function after autologous bone-marrow transplantation. Treatment with Epo for ten months combined with treatment with interferon for six months resulted in normalization of the haemoglobin concentration in one patient with bone-marrow insufficiency on account of primary myelofibrosis. Treatment with Epo for briefer periods in lower doses was without effect in four other patients with primary bone-marrow insufficiency. Treatment with GM-CSF and G-CSF resulted in neutrophil leukocytosis in 12 out of 15 patients (80%) and, in six out of 14 patients (43%), increased marrow cellularity was demonstrated by means of histological examination of the bone-marrow. One patient showed normal haemoglobin levels during treatment with GM-CSF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of the incubation period for measles in the epidemic in Greenland in 1951 using a variance components model.

This paper presents a model for analysing the incubation period of highly infectious diseases in populations where almost all susceptibles become infected during an epidemic. The model leads to a simple method for estimating the variance of the duration of the incubation period without any distributional assumptions. Further, the influence of covariates on the duration of the incubation period can be analysed. Data from the epidemic of measles in Greenland in 1951 are analysed and it is found that intersymptom times are correlated within households, suggesting that secondary cases are infected almost simultaneously. This result is inconsistent with a variation in the times of infection of secondary cases within a household which is often assumed when analysing data on measles. Prophylactic treatment did not prevent infection in the epidemic in Greenland, but it is found that the incubation period tended to be shorter for persons not receiving prophylactic treatment.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Salivary gland involvement in autoimmune thyroiditis, with special reference to the degree of association with Sjögren's syndrome.

From a total of 63 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, 19 cases were further investigated to determine the degree of concomitant morphologic and functional salivary gland changes. For comparison, 21 of a total of 28 cases of primary Sjögren's syndrome were also examined. Of the 19 cases of autoimmune thyroiditis, 11 showed various degrees of salivary gland involvement on the basis of an analysis of lower lip salivary gland biopsy specimens, scintigraphy of the parotid, and unstimulated whole sialometry. Six of these cases fulfilled the criteria of primary Sjögren's syndrome. A remarkably high proportion of dark-staining acini was observed in the lower lip biopsy specimens of our patients with thyroiditis (8 of 19, 42%) and less among our patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (5 of 21, 24%). We conclude that significant involvement of salivary glands may occur in cases of autoimmune thyroiditis, which indicates that common mechanisms may frequently be operative in the development of thyroid and salivary gland immune disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Developmental and strain-specific heterogeneity of rat adrenal chromaffin cells recognized by a monoclonal antibody against intact chromogranin B.

We have raised a monoclonal antibody (MAB-1E10) reactive with the intact forms but not the processing products of the chromaffin cell vesicle protein chromogranin B (CgB). The antibody recognizes rat and human, but not bovine and chick adrenal chromaffin cells. In addition, MAB-1E10 immunoreactivity was detected in rat PC 12 pheochromocytoma cells and in pituitaries. Several other tissues, including pancreas, small intestine and superior cervical ganglia, which are known to contain CgB in endocrine cells or neurons, respectively, were found not to be reactive with MAB-1E10. Using short-term cultures of dissociated adrenal chromaffin cells from Hannover-Wistar rats, we found that the expression of intact CgB is developmentally regulated. Between embryonic day 19 and postnatal day 40, about 80% of adrenal chromaffin cells--identified by their reactivity with an antibody against the enzyme dopamine-beta-hydroxylase--were found to be reactive with MAB-1E10. The proportion of positive cells subsequently decreased to about 5% at postnatal day 90. In the presence of glucocorticoids, this decrease was reduced to about 45% CgB-positive cells at postnatal day 90. In another rat strain, Sprague-Dawley rats, the proportion of MAB-1E10-immunoreactive chromaffin cells (about 50%) remained constant from birth to adulthood. Our results indicate that CgB is differentially expressed and/or processed in different rat tissues, strains and during development, and furthermore, that expression or processing in rat chromaffin cells might be regulated by glucocorticoids. Intact CgB appears to be a marker for a subpopulation of chromaffin cells, but its function(s) remains to be clarified.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1992

Clinical and metabolic findings in dogs with chronic renal failure fed two diets.

Exogenous creatinine clearance, urinary electrolyte excretions, calcium and phosphorus balance, serum cholesterol concentration, arterial blood pressure, and body weight were evaluated in dogs with chronic renal failure that were fed 2 commercial diets. Nine dogs ranging in age from 1 to 15 years were identified as having mild to moderate chronic renal failure (CRF, exogenous creatinine clearance = 0.5 to 2.13 ml/kg of body weight/min). These dogs and a group of 10 clinically normal controls were fed a diet containing 31% protein for 8 weeks at which time hematologic and biochemical evaluations and clearance studies were performed. All dogs then were fed a phosphorus-restricted diet containing 16% protein and then reevaluated after 8 weeks. The dogs in this study had hematologic and biochemical abnormalities typical of CRF. Urine absolute and fractional excretion of electrolytes was higher in dogs with CRF than in controls and was affected by diet. Serum cholesterol concentration was higher in dogs with CRF and increased in those dogs after feeding the low protein diet. Changes in dietary sodium intake did not affect arterial blood pressure. The phosphorus-restricted diet did not affect serum amino terminal parathyroid hormone concentration in either group. Control dogs lost body weight, whereas dogs with CRF gained weight when fed the low protein diet. We concluded that dogs with mild to moderately severe CRF have the same biochemical abnormalities and response to dietary restriction of protein and phosphorus as has been previously reported in dogs with experimentally induced CRF. Restriction of dietary sodium may not decrease arterial blood pressure in some dogs with CRF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

Amino acid profiles in dogs with chronic renal failure fed two diets.

Amino acid profiles and serum albumin and serum total protein concentrations were evaluated in dogs with renal disease. Nine dogs ranging in age from 1 to 15 years were identified as having mild to moderate chronic renal failure (CRF; exogenous creatinine clearance, 0.5 to 2.13 ml/kg of body weight/min). These dogs and a group of 10 clinically normal control dogs were fed a diet containing 31% protein for 8 weeks, at which time serum and urine amino acid assays and clearance studies were performed. All dogs then were fed a diet containing 16% protein for 8 weeks and then reevaluated. Chronic renal failure was associated with mild abnormalities in serum concentrations of amino acids. When fed the higher protein diet, dogs with CRF had lower serum concentrations of glutamine, leucine, proline, and serine and higher serum concentrations of cystathionine and 3-methylhistidine than clinically normal control dogs. When fed the low protein diet, dogs with CRF had lower serum serine concentrations and higher serum concentrations of cystathionine, phenylalanine, and 3-methylhistidine. Urine excretion of amino acids in all dogs on both diets was low, and dogs with CRF had lower renal clearances of 3-methylhistidine than control dogs. There were no significant differences in concentrations of serum albumin and total solids between either group, regardless of diet. We concluded that dogs with mild to moderately severe CRF have mild abnormalities of serum free amino acid concentrations, but renal conservation of essential amino acids is not impaired.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

[Minicholecystectomy].

Mini-cholecystomectomy was performed in 24 unselected patients with symptomatic gallbladder stones with pain control by intra- and postoperative epidural analgesia. Twenty three patients were discharged on the second postoperative day, while one patient who required re-laparotomy for haemostasis had recovered completely on the third day postoperatively. Median pain score (VAS) was 0 at rest, during coughing and mobilisation. Pulmonary function was not influenced significantly and postoperative fatigue normalized after 48 hours. These preliminary, uncontrolled observations suggest that mini-cholecystectomy is advantageous compared to conventional cholecystectomy, and may represent an alternative to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adult↗