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Biomedical subjects

B Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to B Hansen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Pyloric size in normal infants and in infants suspected of having hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Pyloric muscle thickness (PMT) and pyloric diameter (PD) were determined by sonography in 92 healthy infants aged 8 to 70 days. PMT and PD measured median 2.0 mm and 10.0 mm. There was a significant correlation between the pyloric dimensions and the infant's age, p < 0.02 and p < 0.00001 for PMT and PD, respectively. In 26 infants with an initial diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), but with a final diagnosis of no HPS the mean figures were 2.4 and 11.0 mm, and in 21 infants with HPS, confirmed at surgery, the figures were 4.0 and 14.0. The pyloric dimensions in the 3 groups differed significantly. The larger-than-normal pyloric dimensions in the "no HPS" group suggest that some of these patients suffered from milder degrees of HPS.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Flow cytometric DNA analysis of breast cancers with predominance of carcinoma in situ: a comparison of the premalignant and malignant components.

Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on unfixed frozen tissue samples from 48 cases of invasive breast cancer (IC) with a predominance of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In 15 cases the samples contained only the DCIS component, in 17 cases only the IC component, whereas in 16 cases separate samples from the DCIS as well as the IC part within the individual lesion were available. In the latter 16 cases, complete or partial accordance in DNA ploidy between DCIS and IC was found in 12 cases, whereas no correspondence could be demonstrated in the remaining 4 cases, possibly due to intratumoral DNA heterogeneity. Comparison of the DNA index distribution in samples of DCIS and IC from the 48 cases showed concordant results except for the DNA hyperdiploid subclass, in which 6 clones were found in the DCIS portion compared to 18 clones in the IC portion. S-phase fractions were also comparable in the two groups. A comparison of the DCIS component from the present series of breast cancers to our previous series of pure DCIS also showed similar results with respect to the DNA index distribution, DNA heterogeneity, and S-phase fraction. No differences could be demonstrated between DCIS with and without invasion. The results indicate that the DNA ploidy pattern of breast cancer, as detected by flow cytometric DNA analysis, is established at the preinvasive stage of carcinogenesis.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Purulent meningitis at the Marselisborg Hospital 1980-1990].

From 1980-1990 245 immunocompetent patients were admitted to The Department of Infectious Diseases, Marselisborg Hospital with purulent meningitis or meningococcal septicaemia. The clinical diagnosis was established by clinical examination and by neutrophil pleocytosis. The aetiological diagnosis was established by demonstration of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid by microscopy or culture and by blood culture. Clinical signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or demonstration of meningococcal antibodies (MAT) in serum were considered diagnostic for meningococcal disease. The group comprised 120 males and 125 females aged 0-90 years. One hundred and eleven (45%) had meningococcal disease, 69 (28%) had pneumococcal meningitis, and 20 (8%) had H. influenzae-meningitis. Other aetiologies occurred in one to six cases. No aetiology could be established in 25 (10%) patients. Patients with meningococcal and pneumococcal disease were treated with monotherapy with high doses of penicillin, and H. influenzae-meningitis was treated with ampicillin. In patients with meningitis of unknown aetiology penicillin was used, except in children below the age of five where ampicillin was used. In patients with meningococcal disease the mortality was 5.4%, and 17% developed sequelae. In pneumococcal meningitis the corresponding figures were 13% and 17%, and in H. influenzae-meningitis 0% and 5% respectively. Among 20 patients with other aetiologies one patient (5%) died, and eight (40%) developed sequelae, whereas one patient (4%) died, and one (4%) developed sequelae in the group with meningitis of unknown aetiology. No ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae-strains were demonstrated. We suggest that monotherapy with betalactam-antibiotics is still a valuable treatment for meningitis in Denmark.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Screening of school children for familial hypercholesterolemia].

A total of 3025 families with school children aged six to eight years were offered pilot screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia by measurement of the concentration of apolipoproteins A-1 and B in the children's capillary blood and by analysis of their family histories of early ischaemic heart disease. The concentrations of the apolipoproteins were determined by double rocket immunoelectrophoresis of an eluate of blood spotted on filter paper. Results were available from 2085 children. Because their B:A-1 ratio was above the 97.5 centile and their concentration of B was above the 99th centile, 54 children (2.6%) were selected to have their apolipoprotein concentrations reassessed. The 17 children (0.8%) whose values were persistently above the chosen cut-off points, and all of their available first and second degree relatives, had fasting determinations of serum lipid concentrations carried out. Raised serum concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and an autosomal dominant pattern of hypercholesterolaemia were found in respectively 12 children and 10 families, suggesting a higher incidence of familial hypercholesterolaemia than the reported 1:500. Further investigations among family members disclosed hypercholesterolaemia in 29 relatives. A family history of early ischaemic heart disease was elicited by questionnaire, and was positive in only five of the 12 school children with hypercholesterolaemia. We conclude that analysis of apolipoproteins from capillary blood spotted on filter paper is suitable for screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia, and that this method is more efficient than screening based on family history.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1994

At least two different regions are involved in allelic imbalance on chromosome arm 16q in breast cancer.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or allelic imbalance, the latter term referring to both loss and gain of an allele, on the long arm of chromosome 16 has been repeatedly found in cancers of, e.g., the breast and prostate. This indicates the presence of one or more tumor suppressor genes on 16q. To locate the gene(s) more precisely, a detailed allelic imbalance map of 20 polymorphic markers on this chromosome arm was made for 79 sporadic breast carcinomas. LOH of one or more markers was found in 63% of the tumors. Some had allelic imbalance on a region of 16q which failed to overlap with the LOH in other tumors. We therefore assigned two separate "smallest regions of overlap" to 16q and suggest that this chromosome arm contains at least two different tumor suppressor genes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Anti-C-reactive protein inhibits cytoskeletal rearrangement without altering calcium influx in natural killer cell activation.

C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein in human serum, is present on large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Anti-CRP inhibits natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis. Our current study shows that anti-CRP also inhibits antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of LGL. Calcium influx and protein kinase C (PKC) activation are the early signal transduction events in NK activation. In the conjugates formed between LGL and targets (NK or ADCC), 75-90% of LGL respond with a calcium influx. Addition of anti-CRP had no effect on the percentage of LGL which respond to target cell binding or on the magnitude of the calcium response of LGL. This was true for both NK and ADCC effector cells. Crosslinking anti-CRP with a secondary antibody did not alter this result. Next, the effect of PMA, a PKC activator, and calcium ionophore, A23187, on anti-CRP-mediated inhibition of cytotoxicity were studied. PMA alone reversed most of the inhibition of lysis seen with anti-CRP. Based on previous observations that anti-CRP inhibited target cell-stimulated release of lytic factors, the effect of anti-CRP on release of lytic factors stimulated by PMA and calcium ionophore was evaluated. Anti-CRP blocked the release of lytic factors stimulated by PMA and ionophore. Release of lytic factors involves the rearrangement of cytoskeletal element of NK cell toward the target cell. The effect of anti-CRP on cytoskeletal reorganization was studied. In conjugates formed between effector and target cells, the polarization of cytoskeleton at the contact site of NK and target cell was significantly reduced in the presence of anti-CRP. Although anti-CRP inhibits both ADCC and NK lytic mechanisms, it does not alter target cell-induced Ca2+ influx. CRP interacts with the secretory mechanisms involved in granule exocytosis since anti-CRP inhibits the cytoskeletal polarization and the release of lytic factors and PMA might reverse anti-CRP-mediated inhibition by activating alternative mechanisms of cytotoxicity in effectors.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1994

Normal oxidative activity and chemotaxis of circulating neutrophils in patients treated with photopheresis.

In photopheresis peripheral leukocytes are exposed to photoactivated 8-methoxypsoralen in an extra-corporeal flow system. The present study was performed to characterize the effect of photopheresis upon the function of peripheral circulating neutrophils. Superoxide generating capacity and chemotactic ability of peripheral circulating neutrophils were tested in seven patients immediately before and after treatment with photopheresis. Superoxide generation stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and fMLP-induced chemotaxis were found not to be influenced by photopheresis. We conclude that circulating neutrophils obtained from patients treated with photopheresis possess normal superoxide-generating capacity and chemotactic ability.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Immune responses to nematode exoantigens: sensitizing antibodies and basophil histamine release.

High levels of IgE and eosinophilia are found in both allergy and helminth infections, but allergic symptoms are rare in naturally acquired helminth infections. The interrelation of specific IgE antibodies and in vitro basophil histamine release (HR) induced by exoantigens from the larval stages (L2/L3) of the nematodes Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum was examined in 148 patients visiting an outpatient clinic for parasitic diseases. The antigen sensitivity of the basophils was found to be dependent not only on the absolute amount of antigen-specific IgE present in patient plasma, but also on the ratio between specific and total IgE. Thus, large HR was observed in some patients in response to helminth antigens despite low levels of both specific and total IgE content in plasma. Patients with eosinophilia showed greater IgE-mediated HR than the other patients examined. In contrast, only five patients showed HR after challenge with anti-IgG4, despite the presence of high levels of antigen-specific IgG4 and IgG1 in all patients showing specific IgE antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Long-term results of atrial correction for transposition of the great arteries. Comparison of Mustard and Senning operations.

Few data exists on the differences in long-term outcome between Mustard and Senning operations. We reviewed available data of all hospital survivors of these operations and assessed risk factors for late death and sinus node dysfunction. Of those patients undergoing the Mustard operation, 60 were hospital survivors (46 simple transposition, 14 complex); of those patients undergoing the Senning operation, 62 were hospital survivors (43 simple, 19 complex). Median duration of follow-up was 16 years (maximum 25 years) for Mustard operation, 11 years (maximum 20 years) for Senning operation. No reoperations were done, except for pacemaker implantation. No differences were found between the two groups with regard to baffle-associated problems, right ventricular failure, sudden death (6% in both groups), and functional status at final follow-up (New York Heart Association class I or II, except for four patients). For patients undergoing the Mustard operation, survival at 16-year follow-up was 91% with simple transposition and 60% with complex transposition (p = 0.027); for both groups of patients undergoing the Senning operation, survival at 16-year follow-up was 78%. Survival in the absence of rhythm disturbance at 16-year follow-up was 18% for Mustard operation and 53% for Senning operation (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, significant independent risk factors for late death turned out to be complex transposition (versus simple) and active arrhythmias. The only significant risk factor for the occurrence of sinus node dysfunction was the Mustard operation. We conclude that apart from the difference in the loss of sinus rhythm, no differences were found in the long-term clinical results of the two types of operations.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1993

Prescription and use of analgesics in dogs and cats in a veterinary teaching hospital: 258 cases (1983-1989)

The frequency of prescribing analgesics and administering them for the treatment of apparent postoperative pain in 243 dogs and 15 cats was evaluated. Surgeries performed on the animals evaluated included limb amputations, limb-sparing bone cancer resection, thoracotomy, cervical vertebral instability repair, and humeral fracture repair. Only 1 cat was treated once with an analgesic after surgery, and cats were not evaluated statistically. Dogs undergoing amputation, limb salvage procedure, or thoracotomy were more likely to be treated than dogs undergoing the other surgeries. Ninety-six (40%) of the 243 dogs were under the influence of an analgesic at any time during their postoperative hospital stay, and 69 dogs (28%) received 1 or more doses of an analgesic after recovery from general anesthesia. One hundred thirty-three dogs were cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU) immediately after surgery. Written instructions for treatment with an analgesic were given for 61 of those dogs, and 50 were given at least 1 dose of the prescribed analgesic. Dogs cared for in the ICU were twice as likely to be given an analgesic as dogs cared for in the surgery ward. The estimated duration of analgesic effect exceeded 8 hours in 46 (19%) of 243 dogs. Small and juvenile dogs were least likely to be treated. Interns and residents were twice as likely as faculty to administer analgesics. Most written interpretations of pain behavior observed in the ICU were made on the basis of vocalizations. Half of the dogs for which medical record comments suggested moderate to severe pain were not given an analgesic. The most frequently administered analgesic immediately following surgery was oxymorphone, followed by butorphanol and morphine. Aspirin was never administered to dogs in the ICU, but was used in 10 dogs that were in the surgery ward for > 74 hours.

Amputation, Surgical↗