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Biomedical subjects

B Grignon

Publications and source records attributed to B Grignon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Lumbar intervertebral disk. Intervertebral disk-vertebral body pathways and discal vascularization].

We studied the disco-vertebral interface and the blood supply of the intervertebral disks L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 of 5 human adult columns. Moreover, in order to investigate the discal vasculature, infusion of Japanese ink was used in 2 other adult columns, as well as immuno-histological methods in the L5-S1 disk of 4 adults and 2 infants. Our study confirms the paucity of discal vasculature in adults, by contrast with that of infants, but shows numerous defects in the subchondral vertebral plate, which are filled by vascularised medullary soft tissue and are in contact with the cartilaginous discal end plate. By these contacts, nutrients could reach the intervertebral disk, as suggested by other works, and as is the case in other cartilaginous structures of the body.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Diagnosis and percutaneous treatment of urinary collections and obstructions].

The collections encountered around the renal transplant are mainly lymphoceles, more rarely hematomas, abscesses and urinomas, the frequency of which constituting 12% of cases. Their diagnosis is usually made by sonography; the percutaneous puncture is guided by US or CT in order to define its nature and drain the cavity. Urinary obstruction (6% of the cases) may be detected by sonography or scintigraphy, but percutaneous pyelography is often required to confirm the obstruction, to precise its level and nature, and to guide the percutaneous procedure. In the case of urinoma (3% of the cases), ultrasound may be unclear and the urinary extravasation must be then confirmed by scintigraphy, postinjection delayed plain or CT scan films.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

[Scanning electron microscopy and microcrystals in articular diseases].

The value of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the study of crystals in articular diseases is underlined in several cases of examination of joint fluid, or crystal deposits in articular or periarticular tissues obtained by percutaneous or surgical treatment with chemical and crystallographic correlations. Apatite crystals. Two deposits of hydroxyapatite of the rotator cuff were studied by SEM, crystallographic techniques and chemical analysis. SEM study showed spherical aggregates of various size. Urate crystals. Three tophi were observed by SEM, with crystallographic techniques and chemical analysis. Their needle-shape and their great size (20 m) were characteristic. Calcium pyrophosphate crystals. In a case of typical clinical and radiological features, examination of joint fluid, with chemical correlation showed shorter and thicker crystals than those or urate. The precise identification of crystals is based on sophisticated crystallographic techniques such as X-ray diffraction, although SEM allows an accurate and quite simple morphologic study, most often sufficient.

Apatites↗
PubMed1992

[DIfferentiation of enthesis and the synovial membrane in the rat].

The development of the knee joint in Wistar rats was observed from the 14th fetal day to the 40th postnatal day by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The differentiation of the capsular ligamentous and tendinous attachments, synovial cavity, and A and B cells were particularly compared. Capsular attachments appeared for the first time at the 15th day of fetal life. The formation of the cavity started at the 17th day of fetal life. The differentiation of A and B cells was observed by the 20th fetal day by T.E.M., and only by the 15th postnatal day by S.E.M.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of closed sterile prefilled humidification.

A closed sterile prefilled humidifier ('Aquapak 310') and a multiple-use humidifier ('Nebal 2') were evaluated in hospital departments to determine their susceptibility to bacterial contamination and cost. No bacterial contamination was found in the 389 samples of 'Aquapak 310' water. However, 54/164 (32.9%) samples of 'Nebal 2' water were found to be contaminated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the bacterium most often isolated. The cost analysis was highly influenced by the average use time. In the haemodialysis and respiratory medicine departments the average use times for the 'Aquapak 310' +/- SD were 61.6 +/- 36.2 days and 4.1 +/- 1.7 days, respectively. Using the 'Aquapak 310' system, there was a 51% financial saving in the haemodialysis department but a 2% loss in the respiratory medicine department. In these two departments we found a similar cost saving as far as staff time was concerned (88% vs. 89%). The major difference came from the cost of consumables: 26% saving in the haemodialysis department vs. 70% loss in the respiratory medicine department. Use of the prefilled sterile humidifiers represents a three-fold benefit, a lower infection risk for the patient, an important financial saving in the haemodialysis department and a decreased staff work load.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1990

[In vitro bactericidal rate of amikacin at concentrations realizable in vivo].

The bactericidal rate of amikacin in vitro was established by varying bacterial cell density (10(5) and 10(6) CFU/ml) and physiological state (lag phase and onset of exponential growth) at the moment the antibiotic was introduced. This was done with nine strains belonging to five different species. Antibiotic concentrations were those obtained in vivo at the valley (4 micrograms/ml) and the peak (20 micrograms/ml) with a dosage of 5 mg/kg. The concentration of 40 micrograms/ml is the peak value in the context of hypothesis of a short-term treatment with reinforced dosage (10 mg/kg). The bactericidal effect of amikacin, generally rapid, increased with increasing drug concentration. A bactericidal effect of 99.9% or even 99.99% was obtained in one hour or less at the concentration of 40 micrograms/ml. Above all, this concentration prevented regrowth or rebound, observed at lower concentrations. This results from a rapid but above all powerful bactericidal effect, practically total and constitutes a bacteriological argument in favor of an increase in dosage combined with a reduction in the length of treatment.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1990

Long term hemodialysis spondylarthropathy: an atlanto-occipital location.

A 41 years old patient on hemodialysis for 17 years with a clinical and radiological picture of osteoarticular beta 2 microglobulin amyloidosis, is presented. The patient had skeletal involvements, included cystic lesions of the left hip and both humeral heads and a C5/C6 spondylarthropathy. She had also associated carpal tunnel syndrome. Radiological exploration of the atlanto-occipital articulation demonstrated destructive changes. Histology documented osseous and periarticular deposition of beta 2 microglobulin derived amyloid. This is an unusual location of destructive spondylarthropathy in a patient on chronic hemodialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Fractures caused by bone insufficiency of the proximal femoral epiphysis. Contribution of MRI].

The fractures by bony insufficiency are particularly well seen on MRI. On T1 weighted images they are detected as a very hypointense line surrounded by a hypointense area. On T2 weighted images, the hypointense line is also recognized and represents the fracture surrounded by a hyperintense area due to oedema or hemorrhage. Five cases of bony insufficiency fracture of the femoral head are reported. The features of the superior subchondral locations of these fractures and some primary and limited epiphyseal osteonecrosis are similar and consistent with a common pathogeny.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Fluoroquinolones: pharmacology, antibacterial spectrum and indications in pneumology].

Fluoroquinolones are antibiotics that act principally on DNA gyrase. At the moment, resistance to these antibiotics is purely chromosome-mediated. As regards pharmacokinetics, these compounds have a high bioavailability and penetrate extremely well into tissues and cells. Therapeutic concentrations are obtained in bronchial mucosa and lung tissue. In severe lower respiratory tract infections fluoroquinolones must be given in combination with other antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistant mutants. The indications of fluoroquinolones in lower respiratory tract infections depend on their antibacterial spectrum. They are particularly useful in the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-sensitive or resistant staphylococci, Pseudomonas spp. (notably in cystic fibrosis) and intracellular organisms. They are not indicated for streptococcal infections, notably those due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, and for anaerobic infections. Fluoroquinolones are currently used mainly in hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, in infected cystic fibrosis and in some acute episodes of chronic bronchitis since they are active against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1988

[Joint complications in patients with chronic renal failure hemodialyzed for over 10 years. 40 cases].

A retrospective study of 40 patients with chronic renal failure who underwent haemodialysis for more than 10 years (mean: 153 months) showed that 18 patients (45 p. 100) had arthralgia in the shoulders, hands, wrists and knees, 13 (32 p. 100) had carpal tunnel syndrome requiring surgery, and 20 (50 p. 100) were found to have bone cavities in the humeral head, external supra-acetabular region, carpus and patella. Aluminium overload was present in 47 p. 100 of the patients, and amyloid deposits were found in 10 of the 12 patient operated upon for carpal tunnel syndrome. This study confirms the frequency in patients under long-term haemodialysis of an articular pathological entity consisting of arthralgia, carpal tunnel syndrome, juxta-articular bone cavities and amyloid deposits which are now known to be made of beta 2-microglobulin. The initial lesion seems to affect the synovial membrane; it appears to be facilitated by age and is often associated with aluminium overload. The mechanism(s) responsible for amyloid deposits remain (s) to be elucidated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Comparison of minimum inhibitory concentrations of group M penicillins against Staphylococcus aureus. Practical impact on diagnosis and treatment].

The MICs were determined in usual conditions and in special conditions for the detection of heterogeneous methicillin resistance. The study involved 40 strains of Staphylococcus aureus of the 3 categories of homogeneous resistant, heterogeneous resistant and sensitive strains. The MICs of the 4 main compounds of the group M penicillins, methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin and dicloxacillin, were lower in the presence of a higher number of chlorine atoms on the molecule. The heterogeneous strains were even sensitive to dicloxacillin. The MIC for a notable fraction of resistant strains were lower than the critical value, i.e. these strains entered the category of dicloxacillin sensitive even in reading conditions theoretically leading to the detection of heterogeneous resistance. These in vitro observations are of value in the presence of methicillin sensitive strains, since antibiotics containing one or two chlorine atoms will probably be more therapeutically effective. But the bacteriologist should pay more careful attention to the detection of methicillin resistant and heteroresistant strains, since the resistance in vivo is extended to other penicillinase-resistant penicillins or penicillins M.

Cloxacillin↗
PubMed1985

[Blood bactericidal activity and clinical course of 168 patients having septicemia].

The value of serum bactericidal activity (SBA) determination for assessing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy was evaluated in a retrospective open study in 168 cases of septicemia. Outcomes in a first group (I) of 67 patients with a SBA of at least 1/4 were compared with outcomes in a second group (II) of 101 patients with a SBA below 1/4 or non-determined. Within these groups, outcomes of 37 septicemias due to Gram negative bacilli (subgroup Ia) and 22 staphylococcal septicemias (subgroup Ib) with a SBA greater than or equal to 1/4 were compared with outcomes in 26 septicemias due to Gram negative bacilli (subgroup IIa) and 22 staphylococcal septicemias (subgroup IIb) with a SBA less than 1/4. Statistical analysis of distribution of age, sex, underlying disease, biologic parameters and antibiotics given demonstrated no significant difference between the various groups. 56 patients (86.1%) recovered in group I, against 76 (79.1%) in group II; corresponding figures are 34 (91.1%) and 21 (84%) in subgroups Ia and IIa respectively. These differences are not significant (p greater than 0.05). Our findings suggest that an "effective" SBA fails to correlate with favorable outcome of septicemia.

Aged↗