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Biomedical subjects

B Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to B Goldman.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Meiotic association between the XY chromosomes and unpaired autosomal elements as a cause of human male sterility.

Intimate association between autosomal translocation trivalents and XY bivalents at pachytene was observed in a majority of cells of two men ascertained through primary sterility and found to be heterozygous for a 14;21 Robertsonian translocation. The association, studied by light and electron microscopy of spread first spermatocytes, was between the unpaired short arms of the normal chromosomes of the translocation trivalent and the differential axes of the XY chromosomes. In a minority of cells, this contact was not established, or not maintained, as alternative combinations between the elements available for non-homologous pairing were realized. Following a suggestion of Lifschytz and Lindsley (1972), sterility in these patients was attributed to spermatogenic arrest caused by physical contact of sex chromosomes with autosomal material and consequent interference with the normal metabolism of the sex chromosomes. Autosomal aberrations and polymorphisms, which lead to the presence of unpaired segments at meiosis, may thus play a critical role in a general mechanism of chromosomally-derived male sterility. It is proposed that such a mechanism may also be instrumental in the initiation of reproductive barriers in nature.

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15↗
PubMed1985

Determination of amniotic fluid microviscosity at body temperature: a predictor of fetal lung maturity.

One of the most convenient ways to determine fetal lung maturity is by measuring the fluorescence polarization (P) of the amniotic fluid at room temperature. With sensitivity fixed on 100%, specificity is relatively unsatisfactory. The present study compared the predictive power of fluorescence polarization measured at temperatures 25C (P25), 37C (P37), and 40C (P40) among 195 consecutive samples tested at both 25C and 37C, with a subgroup of 86 samples tested also at 40C. A better separation between the results for fetuses with and without hyaline membrane disease is attained at P37, demonstrated by a greater mean standardized distance (distance between P values for those patients with and the mean P value for those patients without hyaline membrane disease in unit of standard deviation of the latter; 1.597 +/- 0.528 for P25 versus 2.332 +/- 0.591 for P37). Fixing the sensitivity at 100%, the specificity of P25 and P37, were 68.9 and 94.9%, respectively; a highly significant difference (P less than .001). The specificity of P40 was 90.5%, lower than that of P37. P37 is the best predictor and adding either P25 or P40 does not improve the prediction of lung maturity. It is concluded that P37 should replace P25 as the definite index for fetal lung maturity.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1985

Urinary loss of glucose, phosphate, and protein by diffusion into proximal straight tubules injured by D-serine and maleic acid.

In several models of acute renal failure leakage of glomerular filtrate out of the tubule is an important pathogenetic mechanism; however, bidirectional diffusion of solute to account for certain pathophysiologic features of acute renal failure has received meager attention. Using micropuncture and clearance methods, we assessed sequentially leakage of solutes and inulin across proximal straight tubules (PST) injured by two nephrotoxins. In d-serine-treated rats with extensive necrosis of PST, the basis for glucosuria and tubular leakage of inulin was studied. Glucose absorption by the proximal convoluted tubule and glucose delivery to the PST were normal, but glucose delivery to the distal tubule was increased nearly 8-fold, indicating diffusion of glucose from interstitial to tubular luminal fluid across the necrotic PST. Total kidney inulin clearance was greatly reduced, but single nephron glomerular filtration rate, based on proximal convoluted tubule samples, was normal, indicating tubular loss of inulin. Urinary recovery of [14C]inulin infused into tubular lumina revealed that proximal convoluted tubule and distal tubule were impermeable to inulin and that inulin diffused out of the necrotic PST. The progressive return over 6 days of tubular impermeability for inulin correlated with relining of PST with new cells. In maleic acid-treated rats the site and extent of tubular necrosis and the nature of urinary loss of solutes were studied. Microdissection revealed that maleic acid caused limited necrosis of PST which averaged 7.4% of total proximal tubular length. Increased urinary excretion of protein, phosphate, and glucose and increased tubular permeability to microinfused [14C]inulin occurred with the onset of PST necrosis, and return of these abnormalities to normal correlated with the degree of cellular repair of the PST. Together these data indicate that with severe cellular injury there is bidirectional, concentration-dependent diffusion of solutes between the interstitial and tubular fluids. Thus, experimental or human toxic nephropathies should not be classified as acquired Fanconi's syndrome unless specific tubular transport defects are present.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Chromosome analysis of multipronuclear human oocytes fertilized in vitro.

In an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program composed mainly of patients with tubal infertility, the incidence of fertilized oocytes with multiple pronuclei was 4.3%. An attempt was made to fix such oocytes with supernumerary pronuclei in order to assess the chromosome constitution of the gametes. Nine multipronuclear oocytes containing a total of 29 pronuclei were successfully fixed before the first cleavage division, and another oocyte containing 3 pronuclei was fixed before the second cleavage division. On analysis, chromosome counts could be obtained for 28 of the 29 total pronuclei, and 24 gave informative results. Nineteen pronuclei had a normal haploid chromosome count, 2 pronuclei contained one extra chromosome, and 3 pronuclei had one chromosome missing. The presence of a Y chromosome in six pronuclei identified their paternal origin; two of the six sperm pronuclei had a 22,Y,-E chromosome constitution. Only three pronuclei could be conclusively ascertained to be maternal in origin, yet two of these were aneuploid; one pronucleus had a 24,X,+D karyotype and the second had only 22 chromosomes. Multipronuclear oocytes present ideal material for analyzing the chromosome constitution of those human gametes which can undergo fertilization in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Electroconvulsive seizures inhibit amygdala kindling: implications for mechanisms of action in affective illness.

Amygdala kindling, the progressive development of seizures following repeated electrical stimulation, has been used as a model of epileptogenesis, neural memory, and the development of behavioral alterations. In an attempt to interfere with the kindling process, electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) were administered 6 h prior to or immediately after once-daily amygdala stimulation. ECS compared with sham ECS 6 h prior to kindling profoundly inhibited the development of amygdala-kindled seizures, while ECS immediately after the afterdischarge (AD) were not effective. In a second study, seven daily ECS, but not a single ECS followed by a 6-day delay, markedly suppressed established amygdala-kindled seizures compared with sham ECS controls. The generalized seizures of ECS thus appear to be paradoxically anticonvulsant to limbic seizures. Carbamazepine, a potent anticonvulsant for temporal lobe and limbic seizures in animals and man, inhibits amygdala-kindled seizures and is effective in the treatment of manic-depressive illness. The current findings suggest the possibility that the efficacy of ECS in affective illness may be, in part, related to its limbic antikindling and anticonvulsant effects.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1984

Endocrine profile in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome.

Twenty-seven patients with Klinefelter's Syndrome, aged 19-38 years were divided according to the basal testosterone (T) levels into sub-eugonadal (less than or equal to 3 ng/ml) and eugonadal (greater than 3ng/ml) groups. The pretreatment T level was 3.21 +/- 1.59 ng/ml. The LH and FSH levels, 14.54 +/- 6.68 mIU/ml and 21.51 +/- 10.74 mIU/ml respectively, were above the upper eugonadal range. Short-term hCG treatment stimulated T production significantly and a further increase was observed following long-term hCG treatment. In patients with sub-eugonadal levels of basal T, a greater relative increment of the T level was observed following the hCG stimulation but not in the absolute T increase. Thus, the assumption that in Klinefelter's patients, the low basal T levels and the relative refractoriness to hCG stimulation are secondary to chronic exposure to elevated LH levels, could not be supported. Higher FSH levels were associated with elevated plasma T levels (p less than 0.025). No such association was established with the LH.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Successful in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in a group of patients with tubal infertility.

Thirty-one patients with severe mechanical infertility were treated with clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at the start of our in vitro-fertilization and embryo-transfer program. Laparoscopies were performed 34 to 36 h after HCG administration in 32 cases, oocytes were recovered in 29 (91%) and in 19 (59%) at least one oocyte was fertilized. Embryos were transferred to the uterus in 12 cases (38%) and a pregnancy was established in a woman in whom 3 embryos were transferred. This pregnancy terminated at the 39th week of gestation with the delivery of a healthy female baby.

Adult↗