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Biomedical subjects

B Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to B Goldman.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels and fetal chromosomal abnormalities.

406 midtrimester amniotic fluid samples were examined for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and fetal karyotyping. 44 cases with Down syndrome, 12 with Klinefelter syndrome and 14 with other chromosomal abnormalities were diagnosed. The AFP levels were below the median value for the normal pregnancies in 38 of the 44 Down syndrome-affected fetuses. The mean AFP value was significantly lower (p less than 0.0001) in this group. No such difference was found for fetuses affected by Klinefelter syndrome or other chromosomal aberrations. Almost all of the values for the Down syndrome-affected fetuses were, however, within the normal range, thereby precluding the possibility of using this measurement as an alternative to fetal karyotyping as a screening test for Down syndrome.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1987

Meperidine-induced delirium.

Despite the widespread use of meperidine as an analgesic, its potential for producing delirium has been overlooked. Six cases demonstrating meperidine-induced behavioral toxicity are reported. Toxicity was more likely when meperidine was combined with cimetidine or drugs having anticholinergic activity. Discontinuation of meperidine and substitution of morphine for analgesia were usually successful in treating the delirium. Physostigmine reversed the delirium in one patient. The authors suggest that the delirium results from the excessive anticholinergic activity of meperidine or its only active metabolite, normeperidine.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid artery bifurcation. Correlation of ultrasonographic imaging with morphology.

Morphologic characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid artery bifurcation were compared to the appearance of the plaque on real-time B-mode ultrasonography. Mural plaques propagating along the wall of the carotid sinus had a 72% frequency of recent organizing hemorrhage. Nodular plaques causing local narrowing of the vessel had only a 23% incidence of organizing hemorrhage. This difference was significant (P less than 0.01). The presence of recent organizing hemorrhage in mural plaques may account for the increased frequency of symptoms previously observed to occur ipsilateral to mural plaques compared to nodular plaques.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1986

Periovulatory 17 beta-estradiol changes and embryo morphologic features in conception and nonconceptional cycles after human in vitro fertilization.

Thirty-one patients who became pregnant after in vitro fertilization were compared with a matched control group of 31 patients who underwent embryo transfer but did not conceive. During the follicular phase there was no difference in the mean daily estradiol (E2) levels between the pregnant and control groups. In 95% of the women who conceived, E2 continued to rise or plateau on the day after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration; this pattern was seen in only 62.5% of the control group. There were significantly more "regular" embryos (i.e., those with symmetric blastomeres and no visible cytoplasmic fragments) replaced in patients who became pregnant, compared with the control subjects (65.6% versus 47.0%, P less than 0.05). Embryo regularity was associated with preovulatory E2 pattern; falling E2 levels on the day after hCG administration were associated with transfer of only 18.8% of regular embryos in the control group, whereas in the conceptional cycles with rising E2 levels, 61.5% of the replaced embryos were morphologically regular (P less than 0.01). These results would indicate that changes in the follicular environment as reflected by peripheral E2 levels might affect the developmental potential of the human embryo.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1986

Treatment-independent pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer trial.

This study indicates that SP occur in a higher percentage than theoretically expected after IVE-ET treatment, but it is not conclusive as to whether the SP is independent or a result of the treatment or operative laparoscopy. Our results are in agreement with those of previous studies that have shown that SP occur with almost all kinds of infertility. We therefore reject the previous suggestion of Steptoe, who argued that to prevent ectopic pregnancy from complicating embryo replacement, preparatory electrocauterization of diseased tube should be performed. We also suggest that as long as the results of treatment are below the normal monthly spontaneous conception rate, there is justification for a prospective random study that includes all diagnoses other than BTB. Such a study might help make any future selection of patients for treatment more appropriate.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of blood contamination on the fluorescence polarization value of amniotic fluid lamellar bodies.

Estimation of fetal lung maturity by examination of amniotic fluid samples is unreliable in the presence of blood. Centrifugation of amniotic fluid at 10,000 X g separates the surfactant-containing lamellar bodies from contaminants, such as serum lipids. The influence of serum contamination of amniotic fluid was evaluated using the fluorescence polarization technique for determination of fetal lung maturity. Addition of serum changed the amniotic fluid P value of both the amniotic fluid and the lamellar body pellets in the direction of the P value of serum. After centrifugation at 10,000 X g, there was no significant difference in the P value of the pre- and postcontamination samples, demonstrating that centrifugation resulted in the removal of pulmonary nonrelevant lipids in contaminated amniotic fluid specimens. In 24 patients in whom the amniotic fluid sample was blood stained, the P value on the lamellar body pellet compared favorably to that obtained from noncontaminated samples.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

Determination of fetal lung maturity by fluorescence polarization of the amniotic fluid lamellar bodies.

High-speed centrifugation of amniotic fluid enables separation of surfactant-containing lamellar bodies. Fifty-three amniotic fluid samples from pregnancies of 28 to 39 weeks' gestation were examined for fetal lung maturity by measuring fluorescence polarization (P). For each sample the P value was determined at 37C on both the whole amniotic fluid and on the surfactant-containing lamellar bodies obtained by centrifugation at 10,000 X g. A close linear correlation (r = 0.80) was found between the P value of the amniotic fluid samples and that of the lamellar bodies. There was no difference in the specificity for discrimination of hyaline membrane disease cases by both methods (93.5%) with 95% confidence limits of 82.1 to 98.6%. Because high-speed centrifugation enables the selective sedimentation of pulmonary surfactant, determination of the lamellar body P value may offer a practical solution for the estimation of fetal lung maturity in amniotic fluid samples contaminated with blood.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1985

The effect of pressure on the lipid microviscosity and phase transition of lung surfactant.

The effect of pressure on the lipid dynamics of the rat lung surfactant was studied in liposomes made of the natural lung surfactant of the rat and of model phospholipid mixture. The determined parameter was the lipid microviscosity, monitored by the fluorescence polarization of the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Osmotic pressure of up to 47 atm, as well as hydrostatic pressure of up to 1.4 kbar, were applied at a constant temperature. The effect of pressure was monitored by the change in the lipid microviscosity of the system. The maximal change achieved with osmotic pressure at a constant temperature was only 30%. This suggests that the conversion of melted lipid to its solid phase above the lipid critical temperature requires several hundred atmospheres. Similarly, measurements of lipid microviscosity under increased hydrostatic pressure revealed transitions which occurred at above 400 atm. Since such pressures are far beyond the physiological scale, it excludes the possibility that pressure alone can be responsible for a full phase transition of the lung surfactant during respiration. Upon decompression, microviscosity of the examined lipid system was found to return to its original values, confirming the reversibility of the process.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Differences between cystic fibrosis and normal cells in the degree of satellite association.

The degree of satellite association was found to be significantly higher in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients than from those of control individuals. PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from obligatory heterozygotes for the CF mutant allele showed an intermediate degree of satellite association. The degree of satellite association was estimated by the frequency of cells exhibiting associations, by the number of associations per cell, and by the number of chromosomes in an association. The differences in the degree of satellite association were dependent on the concentration of colchicine used for cell arrest. These findings may assist in developing a diagnostic method for the early identification of heterozygotes for the CF allele and for prenatal detection of CF homozygous fetuses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Endocrinological evaluation in a case of XX male syndrome.

A case of a phenotype male with 44 XX karyotype is presented. Clinical, endocrinological and anatomical findings are recorded. Serum level of FSH was elevated, LH level was normal and testosterone level was low. A subnormal response by testicular Leydig cells to hCG was observed. A dexamethasone suppression test and an ACTH test were normal. A B scan ultrasonographic examination did not show female internal genitalia, nor a hyperplasia of adrenal tissue. A review is made of the literature with theories of etiology.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1985

Penetration of sperm from teratospermic men into zona-free hamster eggs.

The ability of sperm samples from male partners of infertile couples, with isolated teratospermia (ITS), to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs was examined. The ITS patients had a significantly lower proportion of normal spermatozoa than did a control group of men of proven fertility (23.6% and 47.8%, respectively; P less than 0.001), while the mean total sperm count and the % motility did not differ between the two groups. The mean hamster egg penetration rate of sperm from ITS patients was 2.64% compared to 31.1% in the control group. A significant negative correlation was found in the ITS group between the proportion of a) abnormal forms and the ability to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs, and b) pyriform-shaped sperm and the penetration rate. Of the sperm parameters which were examined, only the morphology could be correlated with the rate of penetration.

Adult↗