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Biomedical subjects

B Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Goldberg.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Idiotype-antiidiotype regulation. V. The requirement for immunization with antigen or monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies for the activation of beta 2 leads to 6 and beta 2 leads to 1 polyfructosan-reactive clones in BALB/c mice treated at birth with minute amounts of anti-A48 idiotype antibodies.

The anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan antibodies sharing the idiotypes (Id) of ABPC48 (A48) monoclonal protein represent a silent fraction of the anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan repertoire, since these antibodies cannot be detected during a conventional immune response elicited by bacterial levan (BL). However, the administration at birth of minute amounts of anti-A48 Id antibodies causes a long-lasting activation of A48 Id+-bearing clones. This activation is related to direct interaction of anti-A48 Id antibodies with precursors bearing the A48 Id+ immunoglobulin receptor, since an A48 Id+ response can be transferred with highly purified B cells in lethally irradiated mice. The maturation of these precursors into A48 Id+ anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan antibody-secreting cells requires challenge by the antigen. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) data showed that in 1-mo-old mice an UPC10 (U10)-like spectrotype was observed, whereas in 3-mo-old mice, a new spectrotype binding BL rather than inulin (In) was identified. This spectrotype was observed only in CXBJ mice, the single strain in which an A48 Id+ response was observed. The antigenic challenge can be replaced by a monoclonal anti-A48 Id antibody (i.e., 17-38). Interestingly, in 1-mo-old BALB/c mice treated with anti-A48 Id antibodies, the challenge with 17-38 monoclonal antibody led to the activation of A48 Id- anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan-reactive clones with BALB/c type IEF spectrotypes, whereas in 3-mo-old BALB/c mice treated with anti-A48 Id antibodies, the challenge with 17-38 monoclonal antibody led to the activation of W3082 IdX+ anti-beta 2 leads to 6 and beta 2 leads to 1 fructosan-reactive clones. In these animals, inhibition of A48 Id+ anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan clones was observed. This antibody probably represents a homobody carrying the internal image of the antigen, which through its paratope suppresses the A48 Id+ response and through its Id activates an A48 Id- anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan response in 1-mo-old mice and in 3-mo-old mice leads to an anti-beta 2 leads to 6 and beta 2 leads to 1 fructosan response dominated by the W3082 IdX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Idiotype-antiidiotype regulation. IV. Expression of common regulatory idiotopes on fructosan-binding and non-fructosan-binding monoclonal immunoglobulin.

The ABPC-48 Id (A48 Id) is normally not expressed in detectable amounts in the serum of BALB/c mice that have been immunized with bacterial levan (BL). However, A48 Id-bearing anti-BL clones can be activated in BL-immunized mice by three distinct prior treatments: (a) administration of A48 Id-bearing monoclonal proteins to newborn mice; (b) administration of minute amounts of anti-Id antibodies to newborn mice; and (c) production of anti-(anti-A48 Id) antibodies (Ab3), in adult mice. From these three groups of mice, eighteen monoclonal antibodies (MAb) expressing A48 Id were obtained. Regarding the binding specificity, these MAb can be divided into three groups: one that binds only BL, the second that binds BL and displays low cross-reactivity for inulin, and the third that lacks BL- and inulin-binding activity. This latter group was obtained only from adult mice immunized with anti-A48 Id-KLH conjugate. Immuno-chemical analysis of these MAb has shown that the A48 Id is made up of several idiotopes, some of them associated with the combining site and others nonantigen inhibitable. Comparisons of the amino acid sequence of the UPC-10 and A48 VH regions, and the distribution of the A48 Id family on A48, UPC-10, and three MAb, suggested that A48 regulatory idiotypes can be located on the framework segment of VH region. Furthermore, we screened 198 mouse and 80 human myeloma proteins for their ability to express A48 Id. Of these, only MOPC-167, an IgAk phosphocholine (PC)-binding myeloma protein, gave a significant inhibition of binding of labeled A48 to anti-A48 Id antibodies by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the binding of labeled MOPC-167 to anti-A48 Id antibodies was not inhibited by PC but was inhibited by A48 and 3-76-42 MAb bearing A48, UPC-10 non-antigen-inhibitable idiotopes. These results extend our prediction that the regulatory idiotopes can be expressed not only on antibodies specific for a family of antigens or members of the same network pathway, but also can be shared by antibodies with different antigenic specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Extensor tendon rupture over the metacarpal heads.

Rupture of the extensor tendons is common in longstanding rheumatoid arthritis of the hand. The tendons commonly involved are those of the ring and little fingers and the common site of rupture is over the dorsal ulna and distal edge of the extensor retinaculum. We are reporting two cases of extensor tendon rupture over the metacarpal head of the middle finger due to prominent osteophytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Invasive aspergillosis of the hand.

Aspergillosis is a fungal infection which may disseminate from the lung to bone, meninges, heart, or other organs. It is commonly found in patients with debilitating disease and those undergoing chemotherapy. A 6-year-old boy, seen at Fitzsimons Army Medical Center while being treated for acute monomyelocytic leukemia, developed invasive aspergillosis of the hand, requiring resection of the central three rays. This rare presentation of the disease required radical surgery to control its local manifestations and to prevent widespread dissemination.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1981

Passage of albumin from the middle ear to the inner ear in otitis media in the chinchilla.

A study of the permeability of the middle ear-inner ear interface for macromolecules was carried out in chinchillas with open and obstructed eustachian tubes utilizing tritiated human serum albumin and immunoelectrophoresis. Tritiated albumin was placed in the round window niche area or normal animals and animals in which the eustachian tubes had been obstructed for 24 hours or 14 days. The tritiated albumin was allowed to remain in the middle ear cavity for 24 hours, Samples of middle ear effusion, perilymph, blood and cerebrospinal fluid were collected and measured for radioactivity. Radioactivity was demonstrated in the perilymph. Samples of middle ear effusions and perilymph were also studied by immunoelectrophoresis with goat antihuman albumin. Albumin placed in the round window niche of an experimental animal could be recovered unchanged in the perilymph. The results suggest a pathophysiologic explanation for the association of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss or endolymphatic hydrops.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The round window membrane following application of staphylococcal exotoxin: an electron microscopic study.

The round window membrane has been considered as a pathway for the passage of toxic substances from the middle ear cavity to the vestibular labyrinth in cases of otitis media. To determine the role of the round window membrane in this passage, chinchillas were given intrabullar inoculations with staphylococcal exotoxin and the round window membranes were examined electron microscopically. We observed cytoplasmic vacuolization, intercellular edema, cellular and nuclear swelling of the surface epithelia and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration of the fibrous layer. Light microscopic observation of the labyrinth revealed PMN infiltration of the most basal portion of the scala tympani. These findings demonstrate a chemotactic effect of the toxin for PMNs and support the concept of the round window membrane as an important avenue of entry.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Spontaneously acquired Factor IX inhibitors in childhood.

Two previously healthy children, ages 8 months and 35 months, developed spontaneous inhibitors to Factor IX. Brief illnesses of presumed viral origin preceeded hemorrhagic symptoms in both children. Cutaneous ecchymoses and traumatic soft tissue hemorrhage were the predominant clinical features in each case. Bleeding symptoms persisted for less than 3 days and laboratory evidence of Factor IX inhibition resolved within 3 weeks. One child required treatment with fresh frozen plasma and packed red blood cell transfusions. The other child received corticosteroid therapy. Given the transient nature of acquired Factor IX inhibitors in the nonhemophilic child, a conservative approach toward therapy is recommended unless life-threatening complications supervene.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1981

Effect of physical training on exercise performance of children following surgical repair of congenital heart disease.

The effect of physical training on the exercise performance of 26 patients following surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (16 patients) and ventricular septal defect (ten patients) was evaluated. Base line exercise testing was performed on a bicycle ergometer using the technique of Godfrey. Patients were placed on a six-week alternate day submaximal interval home exercise program of varying duration and intensity. Work loads at 50%, 60%, and 70% maximum oxygen consumption were selected to maintain heart rates between 130 and 160 beats per minute. Subjects completed an average of 18 of the possible 21 training sessions (range 11 to 21). A 25% improvement (p less than .001) was noted in maximum work capacity (747 to 935 km). Sixty-five percent of the patients performed at less than expected maximum work capacity prior to training, but only 31% performed at less than expected maximum work capacity after training. Repeat testing at work loads of one-third, one-half, and two-thirds the original maximum work capacity revealed improved aerobic efficiency as manifested by significantly decreased oxygen consumption and heart rate at each level of work. No significant difference was noted in maximum oxygen consumption. It is concluded that physical training can improve the exercise performance of patients after surgical repair, permitting the individuals to function at levels of activity at, or closely approaching, normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Permeability of the round window membrane in otitis media.

A round window membrane permeability study of macromolecules in otitis media, using tritiated normal human serum albumin, was done in cats. Eustachian tube obstruction was used to induce otitis media in ten animals. Samples of perilymph in obstructed and normal control ears were studied after 25 minutes of exposure of the round window to tritiated albumin. Twelve additional animals were obstructed, and their round window membranes studied to provide histopathologic evidence for our permeability studies. In this first report of round windon membrane permeability to macromolecules in otitis media, we observed an increased permeability to tritiated albumin in diseased ears. Evidence suggests a pathophysiological explanation for the association of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss and/or endolymphatic hydrops. Proof that large molecules pass suggests the feasibility of diffusion of smaller molecules (toxins and enzymes) through the round window membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Permeability of the middle ear to staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin in otitis media.

Middle ear permeability after instillation of staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin was studied in each of 12 cats, 6 of them with otitis media induced by obstructing their eustachian tubes. This is the first report that there is passage of toxin to the perilymph, cerebrospinal fluid and blood not only in diseased ears, but also in normal controls, 25 min and 12 h after exposure of the middle ear cavity and round window membrane to toxin. The data suggest a pathophysiological explanation for the association of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss and/or endolymphatic hydrops; potentially both entities can be caused by exotoxins. It also documents the extraordinary capabilities of movement of staphylococcal exotoxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasound studies in preterm infants with hydrocephalus.

Serial ultrasound studies of cerebral ventricular size were obtained in 40 small preterm infants, 26 of whom were believed to be at risk for intracranial hemorrhage or hydrocephalus secondary to ICH or both. Hydrocephalus was diagnosed by ultrasound study in 12 of the high-risk infants, eight of whom required a surgical shunt procedure because of progressive ventricular enlargement. Serial ultrasound studies in the other 28 infants, including the 14 believed to be at low risk for ICH, disclosed normal ventricular size, defined as a ratio of lateral ventricular width to intracranial hemidiameter of less than 35%. The ultrasound methods utilized a portable A-mode echoscope that permitted unidimensional intracranial measurements at the infants' bedside, and a nonportable automated B-scanner that produced two-dimensional gray-scale images of the brain. The serial ultrasound measurements and images proved clinically useful in the initial detection of hydrocephalus and subsequent evaluation of the infant subjects.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1980

Current concepts in mental retardation.

Increased concern for the rights of the handicapped has led to changes in the philosophy of treatment for the mentally retarded. Normalization means that the retarded child has the right to live in an environment that most encourages normalized behavior. This concept is often in opposition to institutionalization. The doctrine of least restrictive alternative requires treatment strategies that minimize the degree of infringement on patients' rights without jeopardizing the likelihood of positive outcomes.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1980

Pre-participation sports assessment--an objective evaluation.

The yield from a pre-participation sports examination consisting of a review of the medical history, routine physical examination, musculoskeletal examination, laboratory screening and an assessment of fitness by evaluation of body composition, flexibility, and muscular strength testing was studied. There were 701 students evaluated. Two students (0.3%) were excluded from participation because of medical problems and seven (1%) because of orthopedic problems. Sixty students (8.6%) were referred for additional medical evaluation. Thirty-five students (5.0%) required further orthopedic evaluation. All of the students who required additional evaluations were eventually granted permission to participate. The review of the medical history was positive in seven of the restricted students and 40 of the referred students. The routine physical examination was normal in the two restricted students and abnormal in 14 of the referred students. The musculoskeletal examination was abnormal in all of the students restricted or referred for orthopedic problems. The assessment of physical fitness revealed that 32% of the students had excessive body fat, 10% to 15% of both boys and girls had excessive muscle tightness in either the upper or lower body and approximately 5% of the students had weakness in hip abductors or flexors. Significant unilateral strength deficits were also found. When performed for the purpose of restricting participation or referring students for additional evaluation, the medical history and musculoskeletal examination are the components of the pre-participation sports examination with the highest yield. Additionally, the aspects of the examination which related to fitness revealed a significant number of abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Acute haemorrhagic cystitis and glomerulonephritis.

Two patients presented with macroscopic haematuria and dysuria. Cytoscopic examination showed haemorrhagic cystitis. The findings of casts in the urine and of impaired renal function led to renal biopsies. These showed glomerulonephritis with deposits of IgA in the mesangium. No evidence of viral infection was found. A third patient diagnosed on biopsy 9 years previously as having focal glomerulonephritis developed gross haematuria and dysuria. Cystoscopy revealed haemorrhagic cystitis, and deposits of immunoglobulins were present in the bladder wall. It is suggested that haemorrhagic cystitis may occur as part of a syndrome with glomerulonephritis and may be due to an immunological mechanism.

Adolescent↗