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Biomedical subjects

B Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Goldberg.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Growth and phosphorus metabolism in premature infants fed human milk, fortified human milk, or special premature formula. Use of serum procollagen as a marker of growth.

Human milk promotes less than optimal growth and is associated with phosphorus deficiency and decreased bone mineralization in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. In this study, the effects of feeding premature infants either human milk (HM), fortified human milk (FHM), or special premature formula (Similac Special Care [SSC]) on growth, phosphorus metabolism, and serum type I procollagen (pColl-I-C) were evaluated. Infants fed FHM exhibited a rate of weight gain and an increase in head circumference comparable with infants fed SSC and significantly greater than infants fed HM, despite the fact that both the FHM group and the HM group demonstrated biochemical evidence of phosphorus deficiency. The pColl-I-C concentrations in VLBW infants were tenfold to 20-fold greater than concentrations in normal children older than 2 years of age. The pColl-I-C levels correlated positively with weight gain and were significantly greater in the FHM and SSC groups than in the HM group. By contrast, serum alkaline phosphatase levels did not correlate with weight gain and were significantly lower in the rapidly growing SSC group than in either of the two groups with phosphorus deficiency and presumed poor bone mineralization. We conclude that the serum pColl-I-C concentration is a biochemical marker of growth in VLBW infants and may prove useful as a predictor of growth responses to various nutritional and therapeutic interventions.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Dorsal dislocation of the triquetrum with rotary subluxation of the scaphoid.

Dislocations of the carpal bones are common, but dorsal dislocation of the triquetrum is rare and has only recently been reported in the English-language literature. This case report describes such an injury associated with rotary subluxation of the scaphoid that was successfully treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization for 8 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Partial purification and characterization of a procollagen C-proteinase from the culture medium of mouse fibroblasts.

A procollagen C-proteinase was purified about 100-fold from the medium of cultured mouse fibroblasts by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration, and affinity chromatography on a column of Sepharose coupled to the carboxyl propeptide of type I procollagen. The purified enzyme did not exhibit other proteolytic activities, and it cleaved type I, II and III procollagens to produce the corresponding pN alpha chains and carboxyl propeptides as the only products. Amino acid sequencing of the first 14-18 residues at the N-terminus of the carboxyl propeptides generated by the enzyme from human pro alpha 1(I), pro alpha 2(I) and pro alpha 1(III) chains showed that the cleavage occurred at the physiological site, i.e. at the specific Ala-Asp bond in the pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) chains, and at the specific Gly-Asp bond in the pro alpha 1(III) chain. The pH optimum of the enzyme is 8.5 and its molecular weight as estimated by gel-filtration is about 125,000 daltons. The enzyme is inhibited by metal-chelators, various amines, dithiothreitol, N-ethylmaleimide and serum, but it is insensitive to pepstatin, leupeptin and serine proteases inhibitors. The enzyme differs from the C-proteinase described by Njieha et al. (Biochemistry 21:757-764, 1982), and the catheptic activities reported by Davidson et al. (Eur. J. Biochem 100:551-558, 1979) and Helseth and Veis (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:3302-3306, 1984). The specificity of the enzyme is offered as evidence for a unique, C-proteinase, and its recovery from culture medium supports an extracellular location for procollagen processing.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Evidence for a protein that enhances the activity of type I procollagen C-proteinase.

Gel-filtration separated type I procollagen C-proteinase from a glycoprotein that enhanced the enzyme activity by approximately 4-fold. The enhancer was purified by affinity chromatography on a column of Sepharose coupled to the carboxyl propeptide of type I procollagen. Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the affinity-purified enhancer revealed two active major protein bands with molecular weights of 36 and 34 kdal. Both proteins were glycosylated, as shown by binding to concanavalin-A. The enhancer is extremely heat stable (100 degrees C, 15 min) but its activity is totally abolished by treatment with trypsin or bacterial elastase. The enhancer does not alter the digestion intermediates or final products of the enzymatic reaction but it changes the kinetic properties of the reaction, increasing the apparent Km and Vmax values 16- and 20-fold, respectively. It is suggested that the enhancer might play a regulatory role in procollagen processing.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Autistic children grow up: an eight to twenty-four year follow-up study.

Eighty questionnaires were sent to parents and/or caregivers of autistic persons diagnosed between 1960-73 at CPRI, a regional assessment and treatment centre. The objective was to determine their present place of residence, functioning ability, language development, program involvement, and seizure activity. The results of this study support evidence that more than 50 percent require long-term institutional care; almost one-third suffer epileptic seizures; there is a persistence of symptoms and difficulty in gaining useful speech; few live independently or are capable of employment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Neonatal neurosonographic correlates of cerebral palsy in preterm infants.

Serial neurosonographic examinations are routinely performed at frequent intervals during the nursery course of all preterm infants of 33 weeks or less gestation who are admitted to the intensive care nursery of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. After discharge, the following survivors during the past 5 years had repeated ultrasound examinations until the anterior fontanel closed and clinical assessments until the presence or absence of cerebral palsy at a minimum age of 12 months was established: all infants with grade III/IV intracranial hemorrhage, periventricular echodensity and periventricular cyst formation, selected infants with either normal ultrasound findings or grade I/II intracranial hemorrhage. Fifteen survivors were found to have cerebral palsy, and all had at least one of the following ultrasound abnormalities: diffuse, bilateral, and multiple periventricular cysts 3 mm or more in diameter that persisted beyond term age, bilateral asymmetrical dilation of the lateral ventricles following grade III intracranial hemorrhage with small periventricular cysts, and ventricular porencephaly following an ipsilateral grade IV intracranial hemorrhage. The periventricular cysts were usually preceded by extensive echodensities of the white matter surrounding the lateral ventricles; these findings were suggestive of periventricular leukomalacia and were the most common abnormal findings on ultrasound in the infants with cerebral palsy. Of 124 infants without cerebral palsy, 121 had no or less severe abnormal findings on ultrasound; the exceptions were three infants with bilateral persistent large periventricular cysts who had normal motor development in late infancy.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Ventricular configuration and cerebral growth in infants born to drug-dependent mothers.

Cranial ultrasound examinations were performed during the first 3 days of life and at age 1 month on 22 infants with the neonatal abstinence syndrome. The results were compared to those obtained in 15 control infants who were not exposed to narcotic drugs in utero. The ultrasound images were examined for ventricular configuration, intracranial hemidiameters, area of thalami, and width of temporal lobes. At 24 to 72 h and at 1 month of age, significantly more drug-exposed than control infants had a slit-like ventricular configuration. The intracranial hemidiameter was significantly smaller in the drug-exposed than in the control infants. All cerebral measurements except the right temporal lobe demonstrated significant growth over the first month of life in both groups of infants. By means of ancillary examinations (computerized tomography and transfontanel pressure measurements) the pathogenesis of the slit-like ventricles was found not to be related to edema or to increased intracranial pressure. Whether or not the ventricles remain small and brain growth remains parallel after the period of abstinence awaits further investigation.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Radioimmunoassay for type I procollagen in growth hormone-deficient children before and during treatment with growth hormone.

Type I procollagen concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in sera from 14 growth hormone-deficient children before and during 12 months of treatment with human growth hormone. Basal procollagen levels were lower than those of control children and comparable to those of normal adults. With treatment, the mean procollagen level increased into the range of the control children and was significantly greater than the baseline level at 1, 2, 3, and 12 months (p less than 0.01; p less than 0.05). Although there was no significant statistical correlation between the growth velocity during treatment and the serum procollagen level, there was a suggestion that a high basal procollagen may be predictive of a less than optimal response to human growth hormone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Postnatal retinal vascular development of the puppy.

Retinal vascular development during the first three postnatal weeks was studied in 63 purebred beagle puppies. Use of a positive enzyme histochemical reaction for adenosine triphosphatase in the nuclei and nucleoli of vascular cells made visualization of the retinal vasculature possible. Animals were killed by decapitation. Thus, artifacts resulting from use of anesthetics or tracer substances were avoided. In general, this study demonstrates important similarities between canine and human retinal vascular development, and this gives further reason to use of the puppy retina as a superior model for studying retrolental fibroplasia pathogenesis. This staining technique demonstrates undifferentiated cells in the avascular retina that appear to be vascular precursors or angioblasts. Primordial vessels form by organization of differentiating angioblasts that exist in peripheral retinal cystic spaces at birth, or by addition of fully differentiated endothelium; they form unlike neovascularization. Müller cell processes appear to provide a structural matrix throughout the avascular puppy retina on which differentiated angioblasts organize into a vascular network. Arteries develop in beds of primordial capillaries lying near the leading edge of the developing vasculature. This precedes vein formation which occurs through a process involving coalescence of embryonic capillaries which themselves were derived from primordial capillaries. Preliminary examination of eight mongrel kitten retinas prepared by this method clearly indicates that the puppy retina is much more completely vascularized at birth than that of the newborn kitten. Moreover, the rate of postnatal retinal vascularization is significantly faster in the kitten. The kitten vasculature does appear to form by the organization of angioblasts as in the puppy, but kitten angioblasts have a different appearance from those in the puppy.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1984

Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies IV. Cross-reaction of anti-idiotypic antibodies specific for rabbit and murine anti-a1 allotype antibodies with Fc fragment of human immunoglobulins.

Anti-idiotype (Id) antibodies against anti-a1 rabbit allotype antibodies were produced in rabbits and mice by immunization with polyclonal rabbit anti-a1 allotype or with a monoclonal murine anti-a1 allotype antibody, respectively. These antibodies recognize an interspecies cross-reactive idiotope on anti-a1 allotype antibodies. However, these anti-Id antibodies also react with various subclasses of human IgG. In multiple systems, it was shown that these anti-Id antibodies interact with the Fc fragment of human IgG and, therefore, exhibit a rheumatoid factor-like activity. These results support the hypothesis that gamma-globulin may not be the only stimulus to clones producing rheumatoid factors and that perhaps other antibodies, especially anti-Id antibodies, also bind gamma-globulin secondarily.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Psoas abscess.

A psoas abscess is infrequently diagnosed on initial presentation. This report reviews the presentation of a patient with a complicated psoas abscess. The pathophysiology and the clinical and laboratory presentation of patients with this disease entity are reviewed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1984

Altered receptor specificity of coxsackievirus B3 after growth in rhabdomyosarcoma cells.

Serial "blind" passages in human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells of prototype viruses from each of the six immunotypes of the group B coxsackieviruses (CB) resulted in the isolation of intratypic variants of CB1, CB3, CB5, and CB6. Each variant virus strain acquired the capacity to agglutinate human erythrocytes and produce small plaques on HeLa cells, although their serological specificity remained unchanged. An alteration in VP1 mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was noted for CB3-RD. The CB3-RD variant was plaque purified on RD cells and studied for receptor interactions on both HeLa and RD cells. An attachment restriction appeared to exist for prototype CB3 on RD cells, whereas CB3-RD attached well to both cells. In attachment interference assays, HeLa cells saturated with CB3-RD blocked the attachment of CB3. In contrast, saturation of cells with CB1 (which shares a common receptor with parental CB3) failed to block the attachment of CB3-RD. This unidirectional receptor blockade suggested that a second site for the attachment of virions to receptors was acquired by the CB3-RD variant. Thus, more than one virus receptor specificity may be operative in the selection of host range virus mutants. The implications of this phenomenon as they may relate to pathogenesis are discussed.

Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Profiling children for sports participation.

A profile of a child prior to participation in sports should be directed toward the specific demands of the sport. Medical, orthopedic, and fitness factors should be carefully evaluated so that intervention can be developed that will reduce the possible adverse effects of participation and, secondarily, improve performance. A child should not be excluded from sports unless specific risk-to-benefit ratios are firmly established.

Asthma↗