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Biomedical subjects

B Glick

Publications and source records attributed to B Glick.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of thiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on the humoral immunity of New Hampshire chickens.

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of feeding a diet containing .1% thiouracil to two lines of New Hampshire chickens differing in growth rate and relative bursa size. Body weight, serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, and thyroxine were reduced by the thiouracil treatment. The primary total anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) titer in Experiment 1 was higher for thiouracil-fed (TF) chicks at 7 days postprimary immunization (PPI). In Experiment 2, the total anti-SRBC titers were higher for control chicks 3 days PPI; but from 5 to 10 days PPI, TF chicks had higher titers. During the secondary response in both experiments, the total anti-SRBC titers were not consistently higher for one dietary group over the other from 3 to 10 days postimmunization. Mercaptoethanol-resistant antibody titers were not significantly different between the two dietary groups in either experiment during the primary and secondary responses. Thiouracil-fed chicks had higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) concentrations in serum during both the primary and secondary responses in Experiment 2. Although there was no genotype effect on antibody production to SRBC, serum immunoglobulins were different between lines. Small bursa line (SBL) chickens had higher serum IgG while the IgM concentrations of chicks from the Lester J. Dreesen strain were greater than those of SBL.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Endocardial fibrosis and hydrops fetalis in a premature infant.

We describe a premature neonate with endocardial fibrosis associated with hydrops fetalis. The infant did not have any other cardiac disorder and expired with congestive heart failure when five days old. Endocardial fibroelastosis has been previously described in neonates but is rare and is usually associated with other cardiac malformations. In only two previous reports was endocardial fibroelastosis associated with hydrops and in both of these cases there were also valvular deformities. We also discuss the possible significance of this association.

Diseases in Twins↗
PubMed1985

Aminophylline versus doxapram in idiopathic apnea of prematurity: a double-blind controlled study.

A double-blind controlled study, in two parts, was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of aminophylline and doxapram therapy in idiopathic apnea of prematurity. In the first part of this study, eight of 15 infants responded to doxapram therapy with complete cessation of apneic spells and six of 11 infants responded similarly to administration of aminophylline. These differences were statistically insignificant. In the second part of the study, assessment was made of whether the addition of doxapram to aminophylline therapy was effective in treatment of apnea of prematurity that had been unresponsive to aminophylline alone. Of ten infants who continued to have apneic spells during treatment with aminophylline, eight responded to the addition of doxapram with complete cessation of apnea. Nine infants received placebo in addition to aminophylline, and none had a reduction in frequency of apnea.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1984

Meckel's diverticulum. I. Extramedullary myelopoiesis in the yolk sac of hatched chickens (Gallus domesticus).

We have described an extramedullary myelopoietic tissue located in the wall of the yolk sac. This myelopoietic site is absent at hatch and it produces only granulocytic and monocytic cells during the regression of the yolk sac from 2 to 7 weeks of age. The granulocytic and monocytic cells are located in two distinct zones. The monocytic cells migrate close to the lumen of the yolk sac where they may fuse and form giant cells. There are no mature granulocytes present. Cell migration has not been observed. Therefore, the fate and function of the young granulocytic cells are unknown. In this extramedullary myelopoietic tissue, the absence of erythrocyte and thrombocyte formation may indirectly suggest that these cells develop together in sinuses that are lacking in the wall of the yolk sac.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Meckel's diverticulum. II. A novel lymphoepithelial organ in the chicken.

We have studied the lymphoid development and structure of Meckel's diverticulum (MD). The lymphoid accumulation began about 2 weeks of age. Between 2 and 5 weeks of age the longitudinal folds were filled with lymphoid tissue. The intensive germinal center formation occurred between 5 and 7 weeks of age. Germinal center formation was associated with the presence of secretory cells. The absence of the secretory cells in the germinal centers was followed by germinal center inactivity which was indicated by the lack of lymphoblasts and the high number of tingible body macrophages. The lymphoid tissue of MD seemed to be fully developed by 10 weeks of age and remained lymphoid at least until 21 months of age. Meckel's diverticulum produced large numbers of plasma cells which were comparable to those of the gland of Harder. We may regard MD as the third pouch of the intestine and suggest that it may be a novel lymphoepithelial organ in the chicken.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Interrelation of the avian immune and neuroendocrine systems.

Our understanding of immunology and endocrinology has been enriched by studies with different avian species. Numerous experiments have identified the role of the avian thymus and bursa of Fabricius in the immune response and the interrelation of these glands and their cellular products with the neural endocrine system. The growth pattern of the thymus and bursa are influenced by steroids. Increases in thymi growth appear to be controlled, in part, by fluctuations in thyroid activity. Sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chicks have lower T3 levels than normal chicks, but normal levels of growth hormone. The poor agglutinin response of SLD chickens to low concentrations of sheep red blood cells (0.1-1.0%) may be overcome by increasing the percentage of sheep erythrocytes to 5 or injecting growth hormone, which may enhance the conversion of T4 to T3. Castration impaired cell-mediated immunity but surgical removal of the thyroid did not significantly influence the humoral response to sheep erythrocytes or Brucella. Embryonic hypophysectomy reduced the number of B cells in the late embryo. Lesioning the anterior pituitary in 9-day-old chicks markedly reduced several parameters of cell-mediated immunity. In ovo bursectomy at 68 hr markedly increased the size of the adrenals and testes, numbers of Leydig cells, and levels of circulating testosterone but not corticosterone. On the basis of identification of lymphokines or cytoplasmic granules, lymphocytes and other cells of the lymphomyeloid complex are candidates for an endocrine role. A circuitry between the lymphocyte and neuroendocrine system has been identified in mammals and should be extended to Aves.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Effect of soluble antigen on the ellipsoid-associated cells of the chicken's spleen.

The ellipsoid-associated cells (EAC) localize on the surface of the ellipsoid. They bind the IV injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), migrate to the red pulp and then enter the systemic circulation. After protein injection, the number of white blood cells increased above the normal level. The highest number of white blood cells occurred between 4 and 6 hr after HRP injection. In this period, the cell enhancement resulted in HRP-positive mononuclear cells which might come from the spleen. This cell population may vary in size and number in the blood and may be identical with the dendritic cell of the chicken. The other type of blood mononuclear cell is histologically identical with the classical monocyte endogenous peroxidase positive type and their number is lower than that of the former. This type of monocytic (MN) cell could be of bone marrow origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Lymphopineal tissue in the chicken.

We have studied the chicken's pineal gland by light and electron microscopy at 3 and 4 weeks of age. The results indicated that lymphocytes, plasma cells, secretory cells, basophil and eosinophil granulocytes enter the parenchyma and a new histologically defined tissue is formed which we call lymphopineal tissue. Inside the pineal parenchyma, the number of thymidine labeled cells is almost three times higher than in the interstitium suggesting that the pineal's products might be blastogenic for the cells and/or exert an influence on post-thymic T-cell differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pneumothorax due to endotracheal tube suction.

Traumatic pneumothoraces in ventilated premature infants are mostly related to high applied airway pressures. We report five cases of pneumothorax after endotracheal tube suctioning that illustrate two different mechanisms by which this may occur. Following suggested preventive measures, such complications have not recurred.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Pneumopericardium during continuous positive airway pressure in respiratory distress syndrome.

We report a case of neonatal pneumopericardium as a complication of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered for respiratory distress. Pneumopericardium is the rarest neonatal air-block syndrome and is almost invariably preceded by other forms of barotrauma. There has been only one previous report of pneumopericardium complicating treatment with CPAP. In the present case there was no evidence of other forms of air block.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Heparinization of alimentation solutions administered through peripheral veins in premature infants: a controlled study.

A randomized controlled study was done to determine whether the addition of heparin (1 U/mL) to peripheral intravenous alimentation solutions would affect the incidence of phlebitis and duration of patency of intravenous catheters in premature infants. Twenty-two-gauge Teflon catheters were uniformly used. One hundred five catheters infused with heparin were placed in 13 infants, and 122 catheters were placed in the control group of 13 infants. The time, nature, and incidence of complications were noted for each infusion site. Infusion of heparin was found to double the duration of patency of intravenous catheters and to reduce significantly the incidence of phlebitis. No complications related to the administration of heparin were noted. Heparinization of intravenous alimentation solutions should therefore be considered in premature infants as a means of reducing the work load and incidence of complications associated with peripheral lines.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Physiochemical characterization of lymphocyte inhibitory factor (LyIF) isolated from avian B and T cells.

Thymic (T) or bursal (B) lymphocytes from chicks sensitized to Mycobacterium tuberculosis produce an avian lymphocyte inhibitory factor (LyIF). The physiochemical properties of both T and B LyIF were established by ultrafiltration which yielded four fractions with molecular weight ranges of greater than 100,000; 50,000-100,000; 10,000-50,000; and less than 10,000; enzymatic treatment with chymotrypsin and neuraminidase; varying pH; and heat exposure. These studies demonstrated that the maximum activity for both T and B LyIF was within a molecular weight range of 10,000-50,000. Both were sensitive to chymotrypsin and neuraminidase treatment. Both were stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min and resistant to changes in pH from 5 to 9. T-Cell migration was inhibited equally by B or T LyIF, while B-cell migration was inhibited to a lesser extent by T LyIF and B LyIF. Further experiments should establish the reasons for these observed differences in cross-reactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bronchoscopy and bronchography in children. Experience with 110 investigations.

The results of 92 bronchoscopic examinations and 18 bronchograms in infants and children performed during a two-year period were reviewed. Of 62 patients with suspected foreign-body aspiration, the diagnosis was confirmed in 36 (58%); of 18 patients mainly suspected of having congenital anomalies, a positive diagnosis was made in 12 (66%); but of nine patients with lobar atelectasis only two had abnormal findings. In three patients a transbronchial biopsy specimen did not provide diagnostic material. Bronchography for suspected localized bronchiectasis was performed in 11 patients and a positive diagnosis was made in seven. In all seven patients suspected of having congenital anomalies, bronchography provided a definitive diagnosis. There was no mortality and morbidity was minimal but three patients died of their primary disease. Nearly 60% of the investigations yielded abnormal results, but many of the normal findings were of equal clinical value.

Bronchiectasis↗
PubMed1983

Avian lymph node: light and electron microscopic study.

We have observed by light and transmission electron microscopy lymphoid accumulations (LA) in the chicken located along the posterior tibial-popliteal and lower femoral veins. Three types of LA were characterized: 1) LA on the wall of the lymphatic, 2) LA with germinal center, and 3) well-developed LA possessing germinal centers and an intricate lymphatic sinus system. The latter will be termed a lymph node and is perhaps the structure responding to foot-pad injection of antigen and/or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). After the injection of PHA into the foot-pad, the lymph node enlarged and revealed the intermingling of two distinct groups of cells consisting of either small lymphocytes or medium lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. Because our earlier immunological paper proved the presence of T and B cells in the node, the two histologically distinct groups of cells appearing after PHA injection could reflect compartmentalization of T and B cells in the avian lymph node. Lymphoid and adipose tissues are in the same compartment. After PHA or antigen injection into the foot pad, the lymphoid tissue proliferates and the amount of the adipose tissue rapidly decreases. This suggests that lymphoid and adipose tissue form a special complex which is separated from the surrounding tissue by delicate connective tissue capsule. The relationship of the lymphoid and adipose tissue is comparable with that of myeloid and adipose tissue in the bone marrow. The majority of the sinuses shows smooth endothelial lining while others contain "hairy" macrophages attached to the endothelium. The germinal centers are located at the periphery of the node, but a few occur inside. The cellular content of the germinal centers is not unusual except for the presence of plasma cells.

Animals↗