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Biomedical subjects

B Gasser

Publications and source records attributed to B Gasser.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. Anatomo-pathological and evolutional study of a series of 52 operated cases].

The postoperative outcome of bronchiolo-alveolar epithelioma (EBA) is unpredictable. We question whether a study of the anatomo-pathological structures would enable us to detect prognostic indicators. The clinical characteristics, histopathology and outcome of 52 cases of EBA were studied. 31 tumours were detected in a systematic fashion; 50 patients had excision of the tumour and in 39 cases there was no invasion of the lymphatics. 10 were of the multicentric variety and 42 were of the nodular variety and 9 of these were the centre of an inflammatory lympho-plasmocytic reaction. 20 cases revealed mucinous differentiation and 32 were non-mucinous. In the latter cases nucleo-cytoplasmic anomalies were only slightly increased or even absent. Blood vessel invasion was present in 12 cases and metastases to the air spaces in 20. The overall survival was 83% in the first year, 65% in the second year, 42% at five years and 26.5% at 10 years. The nodular lesions were compatible with a significantly better survival than the diffuse forms. Other characteristics such as whether the tumour was mucinous or not, inflammatory, showed nuclear anomalies, blood vessel invasion and airborne metastases did not seem to affect survival.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1989

[Measuring fetal ischemia using multichannel pulsed Doppler sonography of the aorta and umbilical vein. Preliminary results in normal pregnancy].

The recent development of ultrasound techniques linked to a continuous or pulsed Doppler system allows an immediate and atraumatic study of fetal blood flow to be performed. Using pulsed Doppler techniques, blood velocity waves can be analyzed and blood flow can then be calculated using ultrasound to determine the diameter of the fetal vessel; the result is expressed in milliliters per minute. A study of aortic and umbilical venous blood flow has been carried out with a prototype pulsed Doppler system with 128 gates. The same probe was used to obtain pictures by B mode ultrasound as well as to generate Doppler waves. The study group consisted of 90 normal pregnancies between 32 and 41 weeks of gestation. The umbilical venous blood flow has been measured in 50 subjects and the aortic blood flow in 79 subjects. The average aortic blood flow varied from 345 to 618 ml/min. In the umbilical vein, the flow was between 240 and 420 ml/min. It was noticed that as pregnancy advanced, blood flow slightly increased. The paper discusses the results obtained and the problems encountered with this method.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1989

[Pseudotumoral pneumocystosis: one case and a review of the literature].

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of these opportunistic infections that are so frequently observed in immunodepressed patients. The usual radiological image is one of interstitial pneumonia. We report the case of a misleading and unusual pseudotumoral form in a female patient with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma. The course of the pneumonia was favourable after cotrimoxazole therapy, partial surgical resection and prophylaxis of relapses by inhaled pentamidine.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Prune belly syndrome. Study of the effects of abdominal distension on the parietal myogenesis].

The abdominal wall of five fetuses suffering from the Prune-Belly syndrome and four others that had abdominal distension without enlargement of the bladder were studied histologically. This showed that there was no specific character to the abdominal wall defect classically described in the Prune-Belly syndrome. All the same, the results emphasize the importance of the teratogenic action of distension on the muscle growth in the abdominal wall as time goes on. This abdominal distension, if it starts early enough, lasts long and is severe can lead to changes that can progress as far as aplasia, or a lesser fault in development so that in some cases there may be no major abnormality in the abdominal wall.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1981

Separation of brain-damaged from psychiatric patients with ability and personality measures.

Previous research indicates that many brain-damage screening tests lack the ability to separate organic from functional patients at a satisfactory level. However, the Smith Symbol-Digit Modalities Test, the Benton Visual Retention Test, the Background Interference Procedure variation of the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test, and the MMPI Psychiatric-Organic Scale have shown some promise in earlier studies. Their abilities to separate brain-damaged patients from five functional samples in a psychiatric setting were compared here. The Smith proved capable of discriminating organics from all functional samples both before and after demographic matching. The Benton and the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test separated our organics from our functional groups before matching, but results with them after matching were unencouraging. The P-O scale separated the organics from four of the five functional samples before matching and two afterward. The combined use of the P-O and Smith provided a higher level of discrimination than that attained with either alone, correctly identifying 90% of the organics and 79% of the functional Ss.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Prediction of the WAIS-scores from the 1973 Henmon-Nelson revision.

Administered the 1973 revision of the Henmon-Nelson and the WAIS to 100 psychiatric patients. The correlation of Henmon-Nelson raw scores with WAIS Full Scale scaled score was .83, which compared favorably with correlations run between several other short IQ tests and the WAIS in similar samples drawn from the same setting in earlier studies. However, the Henmon-Nelson did not appear able to estimate the WAIS IQs of low-intelligence Ss or aged persons with consistent accuracy. The validities of short IQ tests and current practices in the selection of WAIS surrogates were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The separation of organics from depressives with ability- and personality-based tests.

Previous research has indicated that ability-oriented organicity tests are of limited value in the separation of brain-damaged from schizophrenic patients in psychiatric hospitals. In the present study the capabilities of nine ability test measures and the MMPI Depression scale to differentiate organics from depressives were evaluated. Only six of the nine ts used to evaluate the differences between the two groups were significant at the 0.5 level and, after the samples were levelled for age, education and IQ, the number fell to zero. In contrast, the Depression scale differences were highly significant both before and after levelling. Multiple correlations run to evaluate the use of personality and ability measures in combination showed that they had considerable promise and suggest that the separation of organic from functional psychiatric hospital groups is best achieved by such combinations.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. II. Meconium ileus in affected fetuses.

Meconium ileus was the presenting feature of cystic fibrosis in 46 per cent of the couples which have been referred for prenatal diagnosis. In fetuses which have been aborted on the basis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes assays, meconium ileus represented the only pathological feature of cystic fibrosis, and was observed in three fourths of the cases. Real-time sonographic examination of fetuses at the time of amniocentesis was able to show an echogenic mass in the abdomen corresponding to the meconium ileus, and thus may afford a complementary means of diagnosis.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Increasing bone screw anchoring in the femur head by cement administration via the implant--a biomechanical study].

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis reveals a higher risk of fractures. Due to the lack of possibilities to anchor fixation elements, fracture treatment often turns out to be complicated. An experimental study served to investigate the extent to which the application of bone cement through a modified gliding screw (Dynamic Hip Screw DHS) would improve the screw anchoring in osteoporotic femoral heads. METHODS: Quasi-static compressive and torsional load tests were used to assess the desired improvement of the screw anchoring. Cadaver femur pairs served to compare the cement augmentation to the uncemented contralateral control. RESULTS: The improvement of the holding strength of the screw under static compressive and torsional load depended on the cement flow into the adjacent bone tissue. The filling with additional cement was only successful after having created a small hollow space at the screw tip with a special instrument. Consequently, under compression as well as torsion, the cement application yielded improvements from 17% up to several times as much. CONCLUSION: In the application of gliding screws in osteoporotic femoral heads, the locally limited cement application through the implant has been shown to be a biomechanical possibility to improve screw fixation.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomechanical evaluation of the less invasive stabilization system for the internal fixation of distal femur fractures.

OBJECTIVE: Comparison between a Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) using monocortical screws with angular stability and two conventional plate systems Condylar Buttress Plate (CBP) and Dynamic Condylar Screw (DCS) for the treatment of distal femoral fractures with respect to biomechanical properties. DESIGN: Biomechanical study using paired cadaver femurs. In Test Configuration 1 (distal test), a ten-millimeter gap at the diaphysis-metaphysis junction simulates a supracondylar femoral fracture. Test Configuration 2 (proximal test) has the same configuration, but the gap was cut in the isthmic region. Proximal and distal plate ends were fixed to corresponding cortical bone fragments in both tests. Optical displacement transducers served to quantify the system's ability to withstand a stepwise increased load. Reversible (deflection) and irreversible deformation (subsidence) of the bone-plate construct was investigated. RESULTS: In Test Configuration 1, LISS showed less irreversible deformation in 72 percent of the left-right comparisons. No correlation between bone mineral density, cross-section area of bones and the measured response of the construct under load was found between pairs. In Test Configuration 2, 83 percent of the left-right comparisons showed less permanent deformation but a higher elastic deformation for LISS. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an enhanced ability to withstand high loads when using the monocortical screw fixation technique with angular stability. A higher elastic deformation of LISS compared with conventional plating systems in distal femoral fractures can be explained by the lower bending stiffness caused by different design and material properties.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Imaging of chest wall disorders.

Pathologic processes that may involve the chest wall include congenital and developmental anomalies, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and soft-tissue and bone tumors. Many of these processes have characteristic radiologic appearances that allow definitive diagnosis. Sternal deformities can be visualized at radiography and their severity quantified with computed tomography (CT). In cervical rib, CT with multiplanar reconstruction may demonstrate relevant anatomic detail and the relationship between bone deformity and arterial compression. In Poland syndrome, radiography reveals an area of hyperlucency on the affected side, whereas CT demonstrates the absence of the greater pectoral muscle and clearly depicts associated musculoskeletal anomalies. Tuberculosis typically manifests at radiography and CT as osseous and cartilaginous destruction and soft-tissue masses with calcification and rim enhancement. Aspergillosis involving the chest wall manifests as pulmonary consolidations and permeative osteolytic changes of the rib and spine at CT and as an area of increased signal intensity at T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Neurogenic tumors and hemangiomas also typically have high signal intensity at T2-weighted MR imaging. Apparent mass extension or unequivocal bone destruction seen at CT or MR imaging may indicate chest wall involvement by lymphoma. Radiologically, soft-tissue sarcomas typically appear as areas of soft-tissue density or attenuation, often associated with necrotic areas of low density or attenuation. At radiography, plasmacytoma typically manifests as well-defined, "punched-out" lytic lesions with associated extrapleural soft-tissue masses. Chondrosarcoma frequently appears as a large, lobulated excrescent mass arising from a rib with scattered flocculent calcifications characteristic of its cartilaginous mix. Familiarity with these radiologic features facilitates accurate diagnosis and optimal patient treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In utero fetal muscle biopsy: a precious aid for the prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Prenatal diagnosis for Duchenne muscular dystrophy can usually be performed using DNA analysis. This approach would be impossible when there is only one prior affected male and no identifiable gene deletion. Therefore, in utero fetal thigh muscle biopsy with direct examination of muscle by dystrophin analysis may provide the only means of prenatal diagnosis. We report such a case in which fetal muscle biopsy was able to exclude Duchenne muscular dystrophy. A detailed literature review of the topic is provided.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A quantitative study of normal nephrogenesis in the human fetus: its implication in the natural history of kidney changes due to low obstructive uropathies.

An evaluation of nephrogenesis according to fetal age was performed by quantifying the state of the nephrogenic blastema (NB) and the number of glomeruli (GN) on frontal renal sections in 99 control fetuses (gestational age ranging from 9 to 40 weeks) and in 17 aborted fetuses with low urinary tract obstruction (gestational age ranging from 14 to 36 weeks). In the control group, GN increases slowly from the 10th to the 18th week, then abruptly from the 18th to the 32nd week, reaching an upper limit with NB disappearance by the 32nd week. In the uropathy group, the renal changes show a wide range of severity clearly accounted for by the impairment of both NB and GN. The dysplastic effect of urinary backpressure is the more consistent pathogeny with the spectrum of observed renal changes. It is likely, from GN used as a time-dependent marker of renal development, that the most severe dysplasia is the result of early obstruction with abnormal disappearance of NB and subsequent arrest of nephrogenesis.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated fetal bilateral radial ray reduction associated with valproic acid usage.

The authors describe the first case of an isolated bilateral radial ray reduction occurring in a fetus exposed in utero to valproic acid; the diagnosis was made by ultrasound during the second trimester. This case of an isolated radial ray reduction associated with valproic acid use in pregnancy is a reminder for sonographers to carefully examine not only the cardiac and neurologic system, but also the extremities, when a fetus is exposed in utero to valproic acid.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital toxoplasmosis in twins: a case report.

We report a case of congenital toxoplasmosis in a twin pregnancy at 21 weeks of gestation. The complete antenatal investigation included ultrasound examination, cordocentesis and amniocentesis. The ultrasonographic evaluation showed a distinct morphological aspect confirmed by the fetal biological profile. The time lag between placental and fetal infection, or the immunological fetal responses could explain the varying stages of the fetal disease. This is another case which early demonstrates that there may exist a distinct clinical pattern in bichorial pregnancy with varying biological fetal responses. It underlines the importance of cordocentesis in the case of maternal toxoplasma seroconversion, enabling us to gather a maximum number of biological data for complete appreciation of the fetal status. The information obtained permits a precise adaptation of the medical decision.

Abortion, Induced↗