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Biomedical subjects

B Frachet

Publications and source records attributed to B Frachet.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Electrical stimulation of the fenestra ovale. Perspectives].

Amongst the various sites for stimulation of the internal ear, in monocanal-extra-cochlear system, the fenestra ovale has virtually never been used. The authors suggest a cup-shaped electrode placed at the end of an incudo-vestibular prosthesis, such as a teflon piston, after stapedectomy and interposition of connective tissue. The immediate advantage of such a method is the fixation of the electrode. Tolerance is excellent and electrical impedance remained stable at very satisfactory levels. The future perspective appearing most promising is based upon simultaneous use of electrical and acoustic stimulation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

[Instantaneous measurement of acoustic reflex latency in daily practice. The apparatus. Results].

Increase in acoustic reflex latency (time between stimulus onset and response) provides a highly specific and sensitive sign for early detection of lesions of the first or second auditory neurones. The performance of a new apparatus, including an Amplaid 702 impedance meter with a specially designed numeric oscilloscope, employed systématically for all audiometric examinations (87 subjects) was compared with that of a reference apparatus (Madsen ZO 73 + Elema Schoenander-jet ink recorder). The new apparatus provided a very simple, precise, and rapid method for measuring acoustic reflex latency. The technique has its limits, however, of critical importance being the determination of the acoustic reflex threshold at close to 1 dB (modification of the apparatus), the means for measuring latency, and the use of three criteria for distinguishing retrocochlear lesions from others. The effect of age on latency, variations in the test-retest results according to the type of deafness, and the influence of averaging techniques are discussed. Typical retrocochlear lesions were rare in this series, and the 5 cases observed are described in detail, followed by a discussion of the advantages and inconveniences of systematic as against selective screening.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1983

[Idiopathic and zoster vestibular neuritis. Course and prognosis].

112 cases of vestibular neuritis were studied. 77% were relatively pure lesions, whilst in 23% of cases there were more extensive lesions with abnormalities of the saccadic oculomotor system and BERA abnormalities. Spontaneous nystagmus disappeared in 2 to 3 months in general. In 54% of cases there was complete recovery of absolute reflex activity within normal limits on the affected side. There was restoration of normal difference of reflectivity in 22%. In 13% there was normal absolute reflex activity, normal hypovalence and normal directional preponderance. Age appeared to influence the course of directional preponderance and the extent of lesions on the course of hypovalence. Early mobilisation of the patient is of primordial importance.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1983

[Measurement of the latencies of voluntary and corrective ocular saccades. Value in otoneurology].

The delay between the stimulus and the voluntary eye saccade is the only parameter of the saccadic system which can be measured by using standard apparatus. Taking manually the measurements made on records obtained by using minicomputer; the authors show that such manual measurement of latencies is easy and yet sufficiently accurate to be of great clinical value. The latencies of voluntary saccades are normal in peripheral pathology (less than 250 milliseconds). Latencies of voluntary saccades are significantly increased in extrinsic brain stem lesions: tumours (in particular ponto cerebellar tumours), meningitis, head injury; but the velocity of the saccade is normal. This effect goes in parallel with impairement of the smooth pursuit. In intrinsic brain stem lesions (multiple sclerosis, acute brain stem stroke, oculomotor paralysis) latencies are increased bilaterally and above all, there is a significant slowing of the saccade. The role of fatigue increased latencies in some patients of this series. Two populations can be discerned in vestibular neuritis: one normal and one with abnormal smooth pursuit and increased saccadic latencies.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1982

[Caustic digestive stenosis involving the hypopharynx. Esophagopharyngoplasty using a right ileocolic graft].

The authors describe an oesophago-laryngoplastic technique using a retrosternal ileocolic graft and involving anterior pharyngotomy above the hyoid bone. The technique was applied to five cases of major destructive lesions of the hypopharynx with fibrotic stenosis, due to severe burns of the upper digestive tract by ingestion of caustic substances. Continuity between the oral cavity and the digestive tract was re-established in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Results of several times daily treatment by cisdiamine-platinum and bleomycin. Therapeutical considerations (author's transl)].

Seventy two head and neck cancers have been treated with a combination of Cis-DDP (20 mg/m2/day) and bleomycin (6 mg/m2/day, 24 hours infusion) given for 5 days 3 courses every 3 weeks in preoperative cases and for 6 days (4 courses every 3 weeks) in non preoperative cases. Fifteen patients treated for local recurrence after irradiation experienced no significant response and their actual survival at 12 months is 22%. For the other patients the objective response rate was 78% with 10 complete responses and the projected survival at 12 months varies from 62% to 92% according to the subsequent treatment (irradiation or surgery followed by irradiation). These results are in agreement with a few reports using similar combinations; but it needs to answer new questions about possibility of surgical strategy variations in the cases of good or complete responses with such a chemotherapy.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1982

[Microcomputer applications in otorhinolaryngology (author's transl)].

Two main types of utilisation of microcomputers in otorhinolaryngology are envisaged: instrumentation and medical audit. The modes of employ of the material in these fields are briefly exposed, followed by the presentation of several examples of its employ and functioning. Practical notions are discussed, particular emphasis then being placed on theoretical considerations involved in the use of such equipment. Of primary importance are strictly medical reflections, problem solving being facilitated (by suppressing or diminishing routine tasks) but never simplified.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

[Esophagopharyngoplasty by transplantation of a right ileocolic graft in the treatment of sequelae of esophageal and hypopharyngeal caustic stenosis].

Esophagopharyngoplasty was employed to treat 7 cases of severe stenosis from scarring due to caustic burns. Emphasis is placed on the advantages of retrosternally applied right ileocolic transplants using the supraphyoidal anterior pharyngeal approach. Results were considered as satisfactory in 4 cases, exclusively oral alimentation being possible, though bougierage, sometimes repeated, was necessary. The 3 unsuccessful cases were due to loss of oropharyngeal muscle peristaltism in one case, progression of scar retraction in the second patient, and the psychological behavior and lack of essential active cooperation in the third case.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Bacteriological study in acute otitis media].

A retrospective study was conducted of 587 bacteriological samples collected from 387 children with acute otitis media treated as outpatients over a period of 30 months, to determine relative frequency of the causative germs and their resistance to antibiotics. The most frequently involved bacteria were staphylococci (16 p.cent) of which 70 p.cent were Staph. Epidermidis, and Haemophilus (17 p.cent), résistance to ampicillin being present in 19 p.cent. These results, which differ from those in the published literature, suggest that paracentesis with systematic bacteriological typing is the treatment of choice in acute otitis media.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Diagnostic contribution of 2 electrophysiological methods in a case of central pontine myelinolysis. Early auditory evoked potentials and blink reflex].

A case of central point myelinolysis is described in a heavy beer drinker who was found to have severe water and electrolyte disturbances on admission. The patient subsequently developed quadriparesis with pseudobulbar symptoms. The authors stress the diagnostic value of brain stem auditory-evoked responses and of blink-reflex, which were restored to normal as the patient recovered.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Pseudocaloric nystagmus (author's transl)].

The effect of bithermal caloric tests on the velocity of spontaneous nystagmus was retrospectively studied in 107 patients with unilateral vestibular areflexia. In 35 out of 107 patients, the velocity or pre-test nystagmus was not lower than 15 jerks in 30 seconds. In our series, spontaneous nystagmus before the caloric test was mostly seen in patients with neuritis or sudden deafness, and as a rule, the tests had little effect on the velocity of the nystagmus. In 7 out of 10 cases of areflexic Mènière's disease spontaneous nystagmus was revealed by caloric tests. Spontaneous pre-test nystagmus was present in 6 out of 29 cases of neurinoma; its velocity was always reduced during the caloric tests. In 14 out of 25 cases of head injury, areflexia was usually compensated. Vestibular compensation can now be defined as the absence of vertigo, of spontaneous nystagmus before and after caloric tests and directional predominance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Derived potentials and the microcomputer (author's transl)].

A method for conducting "brain stem early derived potentials" using an inexpensive microcomputer is described. This type of examination is, however, difficult to perform, and is not currently employed in clinical practice. The contribution offered by this data-processing system is emphasized.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1980

[Study of auditive evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)].

The Brain stem evoked response audiometry have been studied in 34 cases of multiple sclerosis. The Brainstem in 8 cases were normal and abnormal on one or both sides in the remaining 26 cases (73.5 p. 100). A Brainstem is considered suspicious of multiple sclerosis when the first wave (N1) is normal as far as the time period is concerned, although there is a loss of synchronisation of the recording particularly as far as the higher part of the brain stem (N4 and N5). In 24 cases of multiple sclerosis of definite diagnosis (according to Mac Alpine criteria) 19 cases had abnormal recordings (79.2 p. 100). In 31 cases that had a neurological test showing a lesion of the brain stem, 23 cases of evoked potentials were abnormal (74.2 p. 100). In 3 cases that clinicaly had no lesion of the brain stem, the evoked potentials were abnormal in 2 of them, suggesting the eventuality of a lesion clinicaly non-reactive which can then be of help to confirm the diagnosis.

Adult↗