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Biomedical subjects

B Frachet

Publications and source records attributed to B Frachet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Carhart's effect; a study of postoperative outcome of 47 surgically treated cases of otosclerosis].

The Carhart Effect can explain a bone conduction improvement after stape surgery in otosclerosis, because of the mechanical factors in transmission of sound vibrations. The authors have studied 47 cases of total stapedectomy for otosclerosis to point out this bone conduction improvement. A correlation between the bone conduction improvement and others parameters has been searched: a statistic correlation between pre-operative bone curve and the 1000 Hz bone conduction improvement has been found.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1991

[Efficacy and tolerability of tiaprofenic acid (Surgam) in acute sinusitis in adults. Results of a randomized study versus paracetamol and placebo].

Tiaprofenic acid (Surgam) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for acute inflammation during episode of upper respiratory tract infection in adults. Its efficacy in association was already demonstrated in tonsillitis. The efficacy and tolerance of tiaprofenic acid for the treatment of inflammation occurring in the course of adult acute sinusitis were evaluated by a randomized study versus paracetamol and placebo. 139 patients were included in the study. 134 patients were evaluated for efficacy. They received either tiaprofenic acid or paracetamol or placebo during seven days together with amoxicillin. We used evaluation criterion taking into consideration inflammatory physical indications of sinusitis and opinions of investigators and patients. After 7 days of treatment the efficacy of tiaprofenic acid (Surgam) was significantly superior to placebo on all principal criterion studied. Amelioration with paracetamol was lower, but no statistical difference was found between paracetamol and tiaprofenic acid (Surgam) groups. Tolerance was good in every group.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1991

[Apropos of functional studies in patients with acoustic implants].

The comparison of acoustic and electric explorations in 20 patients implanted with an extra-cochlear single-channel system provides information on the missing cochlea. The practical value is also clear, providing a planned adaptation of the prosthesis.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

[Our surgical experience of 20 extracochlear implantations on the oval window with transcutaneous approach].

While multichannel implants can produce far better results than single-channel implants, the results of a multichannel implantation are impossible to predict accurately preoperatively. Single-channel implants, which produce average and constant results, still have a major merit in that their cost is much lower. Since extracochlear implantation with transcutaneous approach is innocuous, we have been promoting this type of implantation as a temporary procedure until much more effective systems are found in the future, or as a definitive implantation.

Deafness↗
PubMed1990

[Trends in clinical research for one canal cochlear implantation].

Like any modality of perception, the processes of hearing can be divided up into two levels: modular or primary, and symbolic or central. Multiple-canal implantation is rather applied to the former mechanism, single-canal implantation to the latter. A bank of electrical signals recognizable from each other is being built up. It may be utilized in single-canal systems using this vocabulary to form sentences. The proper phonetic feature to be matched will then have to be selected.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

[Atypical implants].

There is theoretically no major surgical problem for implantation. The basic techniques all include on an approach through the windows. The authors describe a solution (which has already been used previously) for cophotic hollowing-out cavities, with a suprapetrosal way and an approach on the hidden aspect of the cochlea. The transcutaneous passage can be displaced from the ear lobe to a depression of the auricle.

Cochlear Implants↗
PubMed1990

[Electrophysiologic studies in patients with cochlear implants].

The insertion of reliable extracochlear single-canal cochlear implants in cophotic and subcophotic patients allows the electrical stimulation of the acoustic nerve for rehabilitation, as well as audiovestibular explorations that are no longer possible in the acoustic mode. The authors therefore aim at replacing all these examinations with their Electrical equivalent: --early evoked potentials (E-BERA), --medium-latency evoked potentials (E-MLR), --Event-related evoked potentials (E-P300), for which, to our knowledge, theses are the first recordings, --electrical stapedial reflex, --vestibular stimulations. The method, results and clinical and physiological applications of each method are given, as well as its prospects.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

[Signal processing in contour implants].

Signal processing by cochlear implants is aimed at transmitting all the acoustic information carried by the human voice, whether in its semantic, esthetic or affective aspects, as an electrical signal. The "translating" approach, which encodes the signal according to the characteristics of the sounds, can only be ideally used in multiple-canal implants. On the contrary, our experience with various single-canal prostheses shows that our patients choose one of these according to the comfort of the signal and to its reliability rather than to the complexity of signal processing: all prostheses produce approximately the same results, whatever the method implemented. The contour implant allows an easy, effective and well-tolerated fitting at low costs.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

[Tinnitus and implants].

The experience with cochlear implantation at Avicenne hospital prompted us to carry out a retrospective study on tinnitus in a population of operated patients. Improvement or disappearance of the symptoms was noted in all cases. These results, which partly match those found in the literature, are probably produced by rehabilitation inhibiting the "deafferentation" mechanisms in analogy with pain phenomena. In some precise cases, which are described, they led us to proposing implantation even though the main, if not sole, complaint of the patient was tinnitus.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

[Presentation of a French language protocol for the evaluation of communication improvement in the deaf following implantation].

We have been led to drawing up a procedure of assessment of communication as restored by implantation. This procedure is simple, and can be used by all teams, however complex the material implanted is. It can be implemented for children as well as adults, and for both pre- and post-speech deafness. Our staging allows integrating the implanted patient into the classical description of deafness, while retaining the specific features of electrical stimulation.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1990

[Deafness and sarcoidosis].

The cochleovestibular tract is seldom involved by sarcoidosis (about 50 cases have been described since 1948). As a clinical expression of sarcoidosis, deafness is fluctuant in 50% of all cases, bilateral, and most often associated with facial palsy and uveitis, the vestibular reflexes being reduced. The histological studies demonstrate lesions at all levels from the cochlea to be brain stem, but the main mechanism is an infiltration of the arachnoid vessels. The prognosis of sarcoidosis deafness is usually poor in spite of corticosteroid therapy. This paper is illustrated by 3 cases observed in Avicenne Hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Middle ear adenoma. A tumor displaying mucinous and neuroendocrine differentiation.

Middle ear adenoma (MEA) is a distinctive, rare entity that appears to be derived from the lining epithelium of the middle ear mucosa. We report four cases of MEA displaying the typical histologic growth pattern. Two distinct tumor cell immunophenotypes were identified in all cases; the first type exhibited positivity with anti-epithelial membrane antigen and anti-keratin antibodies, and the second type showed immunoreactivity with anti-keratin, anti-vimentin, and anti-neuron-specific enolase antibodies. Ultrastructural studies revealed bidirectional mucinous and neuroendocrine differentiation, demonstrated by the presence of two distinct cell types containing apically located mucous granules and basally concentrated neuroendocrine granules, respectively. The presence of neuroendocrine differentiation was supported by the immunohistochemical detection of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the tumor cells in one case and neuron-specific enolase in three cases. These findings suggest that the potential for mixed mucinous/neuroendocrine differentiation described in other endodermally derived tumors also exists in middle ear mucosa. We also believe that the rare lesions diagnosed as primary carcinoid tumors of the middle ear might in fact be MEA with predominant or only neuroendocrine differentiation. The clinical course of our four cases and our review of the pertinent literature confirm the benign nature of MEA and indicate that these tumors should be treated by complete local excision without additional therapy.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

[Electrical stimulation of the fenestra ovale. Perspectives].

Amongst the various sites for stimulation of the internal ear, in monocanal-extra-cochlear system, the fenestra ovale has virtually never been used. The authors suggest a cup-shaped electrode placed at the end of an incudo-vestibular prosthesis, such as a teflon piston, after stapedectomy and interposition of connective tissue. The immediate advantage of such a method is the fixation of the electrode. Tolerance is excellent and electrical impedance remained stable at very satisfactory levels. The future perspective appearing most promising is based upon simultaneous use of electrical and acoustic stimulation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1979

[Respiratory obstacle and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Pathogenic link (author's transl)].

The finding of the frequent association in the infant of endothoracic tracheal compression and of GOR leads to discussion of their pathogenic link. In cases of endothoracic compression, manometric recording demonstrates the presence of an inversion of intragastric pressures with expiratory hyperpressure and a decrease in anti-reflux gradient. These data represent an argument in favour of medical anti-reflux treatment following discovery during endoscopic investigations for chronic or recurrent bronchopneumonia of the association of tracheal compression and gastrooesophageal reflux. Manometry should make it possible, where medical treatment proves unsatisfactory, to differentiate those cases where anti-reflux surgery is justified and those requiring a decompression procedure.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1978

[Evoked brain stem potentials. Study of their adaptation in multiple sclerosis].

This study of the Brainstem evoked Response has been done to try to find the exact location of neurologic disorders. The authors wanted to see if there were differences between normal subjects and patients with multilocular sclerosis, when the auditory stimulus in increasing from 10 pps to 50 pps. From 15 normal subjects (30 ears) the results have been compared to those obtained from 6 patients. The findings were: -- there is no adaptation phenomenon in the Brainstem (the conduction time in the Brainstem is absolutely constant). -- there is an adaptation which occurs before the first peak, happening later at 50 pps than at 10 pps. -- in the multilocular sclerosis the findings were: augmentation of the peak to peak delay no synchronisation of the peaks so that is very difficult to recognize each peaks. And the peaks are easier to recognize at 50 pps than at 10 pps which fact unexpectable. This dyssynchronisation at the compression and rarefaction click is for the authors an important factor for the multilocular sclerosis diagnosis.

Adult↗