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Biomedical subjects

B F Cullen

Publications and source records attributed to B F Cullen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

U.S. clinical studies of the treatment of anemia with fluosol-DA 20%.

This article describes the progress of clinical studies of the perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsion Fluosol-DA 20% in the United States. To date, two studies have been completed and one is in progress. All three studies have been restricted to the treatment of acute anemia in patients who refused blood transfusions on religious grounds, i.e., Jehovah's Witnesses. The first protocol, referred to as the "Humanitarian Protocol" (no. 79006), was initiated in November 1979. Jehovah's Witness patients who were considered to have a lethal degree of anemia were treated with Fluosol to supplement oxygen transport. Collection of specific data was not mandated in this protocol. Six patients were treated under this protocol until it was replaced by the "Medical Use Protocol" (no. 79007). In this second study, hemodynamic and oxygen transport data were collected while patients breathed room air and 100% inspired oxygen before and after a Fluosol infusion. Seven patients were treated under this protocol and it was concluded that the PFC was transporting the expected amount of oxygen based on its known oxygen solubility. This increased oxygen transport by the PFC resulted in increased oxygen consumption and arterial and mixed venous blood oxygenation. Two of the seven patients had adverse reactions to a 0.5-ml test dose of Fluosol, manifested by an increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure. The third and current anemia protocol as of this writing is a randomized controlled study with data collection similar to the Medical Use Protocol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anemia↗
PubMed1984

Transcutaneous monitoring of oxygen tension during one-lung anesthesia.

Twenty adult patients were monitored with a transcutaneous oxygen tension sensor during one-lung ventilation. Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane-oxygen or isoflurane-oxygen. The transcutaneous oxygen tension values accurately followed the trend of arterial oxygen tension (r = 0.94, n = 96, transcutaneous oxygen tension = 4.8 + 0.78 X arterial oxygen tension). The transcutaneous oxygen tension values averaged 80% of the arterial oxygen tension values (transcutaneous oxygen tension index = transcutaneous oxygen tension/arterial oxygen tension = 0.80 +/- 0.18) (mean +/- standard deviation). When one-lung ventilation was initiated, there was a progressive drop in transcutaneous oxygen tension which reached a minimum of 19 +/- 10 minutes. The mean of the minimum transcutaneous oxygen tension and arterial oxygen tension values was 66 +/- 44 torr and 83 +/- 43 respectively. This resulted in a mean alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient of 515 +/- 152 torr during one-lung ventilation. In eight patients, the arterial oxygen tension fell below 60 torr, 45 +/- 9 torr. When two-lung ventilation was resumed, the transcutaneous oxygen tension and arterial oxygen tension values promptly rose to mean values of 342 +/- 121 torr and 411 +/- 103 torr, respectively in 9 +/- 3 minutes. The transcutaneous oxygen tension monitor provided a continuous assessment of the patient's oxygenation, gave early warning of potentially hazardous hypoxia, and permitted nearly real-time assessment of the efficacy of corrective therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Electroencephalographic and behavioural effects of enflurane and halothane anaesthesia in the cat.

The effects of enflurane and halothane on the electroencephalogram (e.e.g.) were studied in 10 cats. Animals underwent at least 2 MAC-hours of anaesthesia with either agent, and the e.e.g. was monitored continuously. Arterial blood-gas tensions were maintained within normal limits. In addition, e.e.g. and behaviour were monitored during the period following anaesthesia, at fixed intervals, for 4 weeks. Despite the production of the central stimulatory effects of enflurane during anaesthesia, no animal demonstrated any central nervous system sequelae on any occasion following the anaesthetic.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1982

Antacid aspiration in rabbits: a comparison of Mylanta and Bicitra.

The effects of aspiration of (a) 2 ml of Mylanta (a particulate antacid) mixed with 2 ml of hydrochloric acid (pH 1.5), (b) 2 ml of half-strength Bicitra (a soluble antacid) mixed with 2 ml of hydrochloric acid (pH 1.5), (c) 4 ml of hydrochloric acid (pH 1.5), and (d) 4 ml of normal saline (pH 6.5) on arterial blood gas tensions and lung pathology were compared in anesthetized rabbits. PaO2 decreased similarly in all animals 15 minutes after aspiration, but recovered to normal levels 4 hours after aspiration of saline and 48 hours after aspiration of Bicitra. PaO2 remained depressed after aspiration of Mylanta and HCl. Gross and microscopic evidence of lung injury was most severe in animals that aspirated Mylanta. One animal died 8 hours after aspiration of Mylanta.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1977

Neutrophil chemotaxis and anaesthesia.

Using a modified Boyden technique, the ability of normal human neutrophils to migrate in response to chemotactic stimulation was evaluated during exposure in vitro to halothane and thiopentone. No abnormality in neutrophil chemotaxis could be demonstrated with either agent at concentrations used clinically. The anaesthetics also did not effect serum complement, which was used as the chemotactic stimulant. It is concluded that halothane and thiopentone have little direct effect on the chemotactic activity of human neutrophils.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗
PubMed1977

Thiopental inhibition of tumor immunity.

The ability of leukocytes to kill tumor cells appears central to the defense against neoplastic growth. The authors determined the effect of thiopental on this phenomenon in vitro by incubating 51Cr-labelled YAAC-1 tumor cells obtained from the peritoneal cavities of syngeneic A/JAX white mice with immune leukocytes from the peritoneal cavities of allogeneic C57/black mice. Tumor-cell death was quantitated by the amount of 51Cr released into the medium following tumor-cell lysis. Thiopental, in concentrations used during routine anesthesia, inhibited tumor-cell killing in a dose-related manner. Inhibition of cytotoxicity ranged from 8.6 per cent at 2.8 x 10(-5) M thiopental to 38.1 per cent at 8.5 x 10(-5) M thiopental. Moreover, this inhibitory effect was additive to that previously demonstrated with halothane, and was related to the duration of exposure to the anesthetic. It is postulated that thiopental and other anesthetics contribute to the inhibition of leukocyte responsiveness observed in patients with malignancies who have undergone surgical procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of cell-mediated cytotoxicity by halothane and nitrous oxide.

Killing of tumor cells by lymphoid cells is important in cell-mediated immunity and defense against cancer. The authors determined that halothane, in vitro, inhibits the killing of YAAC-1 ascites tumor cells from A/jax mice by sensitized peritoneal exudate cells from C57/Black/6 mice. Lysis of tumor cells was quantitated by release of 51Cr into the culture medium. Inhibition of cell-mediated cytotoxicity ranged from 5 per cent in 0.5 per cent halothane to 44.7 per cent in 2.5 per cent halothane exposure. A 12 per cent inhibition of cytotoxicity by 80 per cent nitrous oxide was not statistically significant, but was of a magnitude near that of an equipotent concentration of halothane. The inhibition of cytotoxicity by halothane and nitrous oxide observed in vitro may partially account for the inhibition of cytotoxicity observed when patients undergo surgical operation.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1976

Failure of enflurane and halothane anesthesia to inhibit lymphocyte transformation in volunteers.

Changes in the peripheral blood leukocyte count and in the ability of lymphocytes to transform in response to phytohemagglutinin were studied in healthy volunteers undergoing prolonged enflurane or halothane anesthesia without coincident surgical operation. Anesthesia was associated with a modest leukocytosis that persisted into the first post-anesthesic day, primarily due to an influx of neutrophils into the circulation. There was no significant alteration, either during or following anesthesia, in the ability of the volunteers' lymphocytes to transform in response to phytohemagglutinin when compared with either preanesthetic values or unanesthetized controls. Depression of lymphocyte transformation does not appear to follow prolonged enflurane or halothane anesthesia in the absence of a surgical procedure.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1975

Lymphocyte transformation and changes in leukocyte count: effects of anesthesia and operation.

The transformation of lymphocytes in response to phytohemagglutinin stimulation was investigated in 77 patients undergoind anesthesia with and without coincident surgical operation. A depression of lymphocyte transformation apparent immediately following major operations was related primarily to the extent of tissue trauma and not to the anesthetic agent or technique. No depression of lymphocyte transformation followed anesthesia for treatment of pain or for minor operations. The total leukocyte count increased following general anesthesia for prolonged, traumatic operations, primarily because of an influx of neutrophils into the circulation. The leukocyte count did not increase after comparable operations performed with regional anesthesia. Postoperative depression of lymphocyte transformation is primarily due to nonspecific stress, perhaps because of associated sympathetic and adrenocortical stimulation. The depressant effect of anesthesia alone is minimal.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗