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Biomedical subjects

B Dutrillaux

Publications and source records attributed to B Dutrillaux.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The ancestral karyotype of Carnivora: comparison with that of platyrrhine monkeys.

The karyotypes of six species of Carnivora (Mungos mungo, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Potos flavus, Mustela furo, Felis serval, and Halichoerus grypus), representative of five different families, were studied and compared. Correspondence between almost all chromosome segments was found, and a presumed ancestral karyotype of Carnivora is proposed. Analogies to human chromosomes are also given, and the results obtained are in excellent agreement with previously published gene mapping data on man and the domestic cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Chromosomal phylogeny of Muridae: a study of 10 genera.

The karyotypes of 10 different species of the family Muridae (Acomys airensis, Arvicanthis niloticus, Hylomyscus stella, Malacomys longipes, Mastomys huberti, Myomys daltoni, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Thamnomys gazellae, and Uranomys ruddi) are compared by different banding techniques. From a reconstruction of the presumed ancestral karyotype of the Muridae the sequence of the various rearrangements leading to the present karyotypes is proposed in order to determine their phylogenetic relationships. In particular, the present karyotypes of the mouse and rat differ from the ancestral one by at least 12 and 7 rearrangements, respectively. A clear tendency for accumulation of a specific type of rearrangement in a given branch of the cladogram is observed. In regard to the mouse, a large number of translocations, with break points situated in the proximal part of the long arms, have occurred, which conserved the acrocentric form of the ancestral chromosomes but led to multiple recombinations of the bands.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Chromosomal evolution in Malagasy lemurs. VII. Phylogenic relationships between Propithecus, Avahi (Indridae), Microcebus (Cheirogaleidae), and Lemur (Lemuridae).

A chromosomal banding study was carried out on Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi, P. verreauxi deckeni, and Avahi laniger laniger. Comparison of their karyotypes with those of Microcebus murinus and Lemur fulvus led to reconstruction of the ancestral Lemuriform karyotype and a determination that the branch leading to the Indridae was isolated very early, before the separation of the Lemuridae from the Cheirogaleidae. The karyotype of Avahi remained highly ancestral, whereas that of P. verreauxi was considerably modified, chiefly by Robersonian translocations.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The karyotype of Galago crassicaudatus is ancestral for lorisiforms.

The karyotype, comprised of 62 chromosomes, of Galago crassicaudatus is described. It is compared to the karyotype of Galago senegalensis and to that of the presumed common ancestor to Lorisiforms, previously reconstructed. Most of the reconstructed chromosomes were found, unmodified, in G. crassicaudatus, strengthening the validity of the reconstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Chromosome banding patterns of four species of bats, with special reference to a case of X-autosome translocation.

The karyotypes of 4 species of bats, Artibeus lituratus (Phyllostomatidae), Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Vespertilionidae), Pteropus alecto and P. giganteus (Pteropodidae), were studied after several banding techniques. For A. lituratus, in which an X-autosome translocation was observed, an analyse of the replication pattern in the rearranged chromosome was also made after BrdU incorporation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The cell cycle of lymphocytes in Fanconi anemia.

BrdU-incorporation techniques were used to study the cell cycle in 18 cases of Fanconi's anemia (FA). By comparison with controls, a significant slowing of the cell cycle of lymphocytes in vitro was observed in all FA patients, and possibly in FA heterozygotes, although to a lesser degree. It is probable that the demonstration of the slowing is dependent on the culture conditions. No slowing was observed in other patients affected by at least one of the symptoms of FA. The slow cell cycle of FA cells is mostly due to a very long G2-phase. A relationship between slow cell cycle and chromatid anomalies exists, the slower cells being significantly more frequently carriers of radial figures than the faster cells, in the same patient.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1982

Cytogenetic study of skin fibroblasts in a case of accidental acute irradiation.

The cytogenetic study of skin fibroblasts from a young boy, heavily irradiated by handling of an iridium-192 source of 25 curies is reported. About half of the cells examined had chromosomal abnormalities. The same clone, with multiple chromosome rearrangement, was observed in cultures from biopsies obtained 25 and 35 months after the accident. Several other clones were detected in vitro. The results obtained from cultures of biopsies from different locations show that no direct relationships were found between the absorbed dose and the frequency of stable chromosomal rearrangements. The comparison of the intrachromosomal rearrangements, mostly inversions, observed in this study with those detected in human pathology, in irradiation experiments in vitro, and in various species of primates indicates that these rearrangements do not occur at random.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1982

Cytogenetical and biochemical characterization of a dG + dC-rich satellite DNA in the primate Cebus capucinus.

A very abundant and dG + dC rich DNA satellite from primate Cebus capucinus has been characterized in its cytogenetic and biochemical properties with the purpose of studying the correlation between the staining properties of heterochromatin and the base composition of the corresponding very repetitive DNA. The staining techniques, as well as incorporation of base analogues, show that the heterochromatin segments of C. capucinus chromosomes correspond to a dG + dC-rich satellite. This satellite was detected and isolated by centrifugation in density gradient, radioactively labelled and localized by in situ hybridization on heterochromatin segments.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The use of surface spreading in the pachytene analysis of a human t (Y;17) reciprocal translocation.

This paper describes a human Y;17 reciprocal translocation in an azoospermic male ascertained through infertility. Meiotic studies made on both air-dried and surface-spread preparations are reported in addition to a somatic chromosome analysis carried out by high resolution R-banding on pro-metaphase chromosomes. The possible cause of spermatogenic disturbance in Y-autosome heterozygotes is discussed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1982

Complex evolution of sex chromosomes in Gerbillidae (Rodentia).

The sex chromosomes of 11 species of Gerbillidae (Meriones tristrami, M. crassus, M. libycus, M. persicus, M. unguiculatus, Gerbillus hesperinus, G. nigeriae, G. gerbillus, G. campestris, Gerbillurus tytonis, and Taterillus gracilis) are reported. A very complex evolution of the X chromosome and, to a lesser degree, of the Y chromosome was observed, including several inversions, translocations with autosomes, and an increase in heterochromatin. The role of constitutive heterochromatin, isolating autosome and gonosome segments in translocations (thus preventing any position effect), is discussed. The sequence of rearrangements affecting the sex chromosomes is considered with a view toward establishing the phylogenetic relationship of the species studied. The tendency to accumulate the same rate type of rearrangement, namely, gonosome-autosome translocations, is another demonstration that chromosomal evolution is not random in a given group of species.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Chromosomal evolution in "lemurs". VI. Chromosomal banding studies of Galago senegalensis, Galago alleni, Galago demidovii and Euoticus elegantulus.

The karyotype of four Galagidae (Galago senegalensis, G. demidovii, G. alleni and Euoticus elegantulus) are studied and compared with the aid of various banding techniques. Many common chromosome segments were found, and it was possible to reconstruct a hypothetical ancestral karyotype for the family. It was also possible to show the relation between the chromosomes of Galagidae with those of two Lorisidae. The general scheme of chromosomal evolution of the Lorisiforms can be proposed, resulting from a common populational evolution followed by an accumulation of translocations, mostly of the Robertsonian type. Several pericentric inversions have also occurred in the trunk of the Lorisidae, emerging from this common population. Then, Galagidae have evolved, each species independently, by an accumulation of translocations, mostly Robertsonian, whereas Lorisidae have accumulated pericentric inversions prior diverging.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative karyotyping of our gibbon species or subspecies (author's transl)].

The karyotypes of several Hylobatidae Hylobates (Hylobates) lar pileatus, H. (Nomascus) concolor leucogenys, H. (N.) concolor ssp, Hybrid H. (N.) concolor leucogenys x H. (N.) concolor gabriellae, H (Symphalangus) syndactylus are compared both each others and also to those of other Primates. Many rearrangements of their chromosomes have occurred during their evolution, and some polymorphism still exists in the living species. This high rate of chromosome rearrangements is in contrast with their phenotypic stability. It is very likely that reciprocal translocations have occurred, these rearrangements being very rare in the evolution of other Primates.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Chromosomal phylogeny of forty-two species or subspecies of cercopithecoids (Primates Catarrhini).

After comparison of the chromosomes of 42 species or subspecies belonging to Cercopithecinae, Papioninae and Colobidae, a phylogeny based on the sequence of chromosomal rearrangements is proposed for Cercopithecoidea. From their last common ancestor, which possessed 46 chromosomes, a trifurcation gave 3 branches, very unequal as regards chromosomal rearrangements. One, very short, leads to Papioninae. Another, still poorly known, leads to Colobidae. The last branch leads to a further bifurcation, separating 2 groups of Cercopithecinae, with underwent the most active chromosomal evolution. A tentative to reconcile chromosomal, biochemical and morphological data is presented for Papioninae, for which chromosome study alone is not sufficient to construct a cladogram.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Chromosomal phylogeny of the gerbillidae. II. A study of six Meriones, of Taterillus gracilis and of Gerbillurus tytonis].

The karyotypes of two Meriones: M. unguiculatus and M. shawi, one Taterillus (T. gracilis), and one Gerbillurus (G. tytonis) (Rodentia, Gerbillidae) are compared with those of four species of Meriones previously studied. This study has shown that 10 chromosomal rearrangements split the genus Meriones in two groups. This conclusion is confirmed here and it is shown that the genuses Taterillus and Gerbillurus emerge from the branch connecting these two groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Non random position of metaphasic chromosomes. II. Effect of condensation on the position of X chromosomes].

A study is reported on the location of X chromosomes in human female lymphocytes and fibroblasts at mitosis. By the use of BrdU, incorporated during either early or late S-phase, the late and the early replicating Xs were identified, so that it could be determined which was more peripheral in the metaphase plate. In lymphocytes, when BrdU is incorporated during late S-phase, the late-replicating X, which is the less condensed, is the more peripheral. On the contrary, when BrdU is incorporated during early S-phase, the early replicating X, which is the less condensed, is the more peripheral. On the other hand, in fibroblasts grown on coverslips, the late-replicating X is always peripheral, regardless of the time of BrdU treatment. These results confirm the peripheral location of the late-replicating X and demonstrate the presence of artifacts, depending on chromosome condensation, occurring during the procedures of slide preparation.

Female↗
PubMed1982

[Non random position of metaphasic chromosomes. III. Position of chromosomes involved in constitutional translocations].

Autosome-autosome and sex chromosome-autosome constitutional translocations are analyzed in order to determine whether the affected chromosomes have a particular position in the spread metaphase. Except for one t (10;15) and for several t (X;autosome), the rearranged chromosomes and their normal homologues seem to have random positions. In so far as it has been demonstrated that the metaphase chromosome's positions reflect those of the interphase chromosomes, it is concluded that no specific ordering, transmissible cell generation after generation, exists. The position of the chromosomes would be determined after anaphase migration and would remain unchanged until the subsequent metaphase. Therefore, the rearrangements do not impose any particular topological constraints to the involved chromosomes. The only exceptions may concern the sex chromosomes and those carrying nucleolar organizers.

Humans↗