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Biomedical subjects

B Delahunt

Publications and source records attributed to B Delahunt.

104 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Takayasu's disease associated with generalised amyloidosis.

A case of Takayasu's disease in a young Caucasian female is described. The major complications which developed over the ten year course of the disease include nephrotic syndrome, severe refractory hypertension, aortic valve regurgitation associated with aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta, and recurrent congestive heart failure. Amyloid deposits have been demonstrated in the aorta, atrial appendage, aortic valve, and renal cortex. The association of amyloidosis and Takayasu's disease is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Suprasellar germinoma with probable extracranial metastases.

A case of metastasizing suprasellar germinoma (ectopic pinealoma) in a prepubertal part-Polynesian female is presented, and the histological features of the tumour are described. Review of the literature had disclosed 11 previous reports of extraneurally metastasizing pineal germinoma. The present case appears to be the first recorded instance of extraneural metastases from an intracerebral germinoma where the primary tumour mass is situated outside the pineal gland.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

How cost effective are routine preoperative investigations?

Eight hundred and sixty patients were preassessed for elective varicose vein and inguinal hernia surgery at Wellington Hospital ion 1975 and 1976. Eight were refused operation on the grounds that they were unfit for general anaesthesia. Forty-nine went forward to operation with no investigations. The remaining 803 underwent a total of 1792 routine radiological and laboratory tests (chest x-ray, Coulter screen and ESR, plasma urea, creatinine and electrolytes). Abnormal test results were noted in 172 patients, 63 of these being unpredicted. Apart from one death (test results normal) there was no respiratory, renal or significant wound pathology. In no case did an unexpected abnormal result alter patient management. It is suggested that there is no justification for the routine preoperative laboratory investigation of asymptomatic and clinically normal patients who are undergoing elective minor surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The ependyma of the saccular pineal gland in the non-eutherian mammal Trichosurus vulpecula. A scanning electron microscopic study.

The pineal gland in the possum is represented by a thickening in the wall of the pineal recess. A superficial pineal body and a pineal stalk are characteristically lacking. The ependyma related to the gland is specialized but differs markedly from the lining in other circumventricular organs in form and in surface morphology. Two distinct topographic zones have been recognized. In the middle is a mass of cells which form a prominent knobby-surfaced central zone. These cells are characterized by the absence of cilia, the paucity of microvilli and blebs and the presence of processes which overlap adjacent cells. A surface pattern formed of cell outlines was lacking. it is suggested that the central zone is lined by pinealocytes, supporting cells and the processes of both cell types. Most of the central zone is surrounded by an intermediate zone of variable width. The latter region has been observed to possess a circumventricular organ-type surface morphology. It is sparsely ciliated, almost totally covered by a carpet of microvilli and it exhibits a variety of surface specializations. Supraependymal cells and various transitory supraependymal cell processes are also present. Outside the specialized ependyma is the peripheral zone which like the regular ventricular lining is densely ciliated. Supraependymal processes are found among the clusters of cilia, or rarely, on the surface of the ciliary bed. Season and sex related differences in surface ultrastructure were not observed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The histopathology of endocardial sclerosis.

This histological study of endocardial thickening in human hearts revealed that as in adult hearts, the proliferation in fetal, neonatal, and infant hearts consisted of collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle cells. Variation in severity from chamber to chamber and site to site indicated that severity is not an aging phenomenon and that predominantly local blood flow conditions determine localization and progression of proliferation. The similarity to endocardial thickening of cardiac valves and to intimal proliferation in blood vessels was remarkable. In old age and in chronic rheumatic heart disease the proliferation exhibited hyalinization, cell depletion, loss and fragmentation of elastin, lipid accumulation, and thrombosis, indicative of a similar pathogenesis to atherosclerotic changes in valvular endocardium and blood vessels. It was concluded that these chronic hemodynamically induced degenerative changes in the endocardium, including cardiac valves, should be classified as endocardial atherosclerosis analogous to that in arteries and veins and that severity is aggravated by high blood pressure, cardiac malformations, and dysfunction or damage caused by other disease processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Smooth muscle cell depletion and collagen types in progeric arteries.

Review of two autopsy cases of progeria confirms severe smooth muscle cell (SMC) depletion in the atherosclerotic aortic media and the presence of collagen types I, III, IV, V, and VI in the aorta and renal vessels as is consistent with atherosclerotic disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion on caerulein-induced oedematous experimental pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischaemia is a feature of severe acute pancreatitis. It is not known whether intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion contributes to the progression from mild to severe pancreatitis. AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion on caerulein-induced oedematous experimental pancreatitis. METHOD: Male Wistar rats (n = 48) were randomised to 6 experimental groups: controls (CO), saline infusion (S), saline infusion and intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (SIR), caerulein infusion (C), caerulein and sham operation (CS), and caerulein infusion with intestinal ischaemia reperfusion (CIR). Caerulein was infused over 6 h to induce mild oedematous pancreatitis. Clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 10 min induced mild intestinal ischaemia. The reperfusion time was 24 h. The primary end point was histology of the pancreas at 24 h. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in histologic severity of pancreatitis at 24 h (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.37). CONCLUSION: The severity of acute oedematous pancreatitis was not increased by 10 min of intestinal ischaemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Luminal epithelial antigen (LEA.135) expression in adenocarcinoma of the colon.

BACKGROUND: Luminal Epithelial Antigen (LEA.135) is a cell surface glycoprotein, whose expression has been shown to have prognostic significance in breast carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, but has not been previously evaluated in adenocarcinoma of the colon. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study examines LEA.135 expression in 134 archival cases of colon adenocarcinoma obtained from Wellington Hospital Pathology Department between 1985 and 1990 inclusive. The findings were compared with tumor grade, stage and survival, to determine whether LEA.135 could serve as a useful indicator of the progression of colonic adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: Analysis of results showed that LEA.135 expression was not related to depth of invasion (p = 0.097), grade (p = 0.14) or clinical outcome (p = 0.27). Both luminal and cytoplasmic labelling of LEA.135 was seen in tumor cells however there was no association between LEA.135 distribution and either tumor grade or patient survival. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the expression of LEA.135 does not provide a useful indication of clinical progression or outcome in patients with colonic adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the prostate: progression from adenocarcinoma is associated with p53 over-expression.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of sarcomatoid metaplasia of prostatic adenocarcinoma is uncertain. The histologic features of sarcomatoid carcinoma arising in two patients with previously irradiated prostatic adenocarcinoma are reported and the relationship between prostatic adenocarcinoma and subsequent sarcomatoid carcinoma is investigated by immunohistochemical detection of epithelial and soft tissue tumor markers, and p53 protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two patients, aged 72 and 67 years, underwent localized radiotherapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma and re-presented with sarcomatoid carcinoma 41 months and 60 months later, respectively. In both cases the tumor consisted of anaplastic spindle cells with occasional osteoclast-like giant cells. The initial tumors showed immunohistochemical staining typical of prostatic adenocarcinoma with absence of expression of p53 protein. The subsequent sarcomatoid carcinomas were positive for vimentin and negative for epithelial cell markers. In both cases serial biopsies showed a temporal increase in tumor expression of p53 protein. CONCLUSIONS: The development of sarcomatoid carcinoma in prostatic adenocarcinoma is associated with progressive accumulation of p53. This is suggestive of increasing clonal dominance of dedifferentiated tumor cells carrying p53 mutations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral shark cartilage does not abolish carcinogenesis but delays tumor progression in a murine model.

BACKGROUND: Shark cartilage and shark cartilage extracts have been reported to have anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic properties. This study reports the effects of oral administration of powdered shark cartilage on tumor progression in a murine renal tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Renal tumors were induced in CBA female mice by a single bolus of IV streptozotocin. 57 mice were fed shark cartilage and the numbers and rate of development of dysplastic convoluted tubules, papillary and solid renal epithelial tumors was compared with 57 control mice over an 88 week follow-up period. RESULTS: In the shark cartilage fed group dysplasia was first observed after 23 weeks (control 19 weeks), papillary tumors after 24 weeks (control 23 weeks) and solid tumors after 55 weeks (control 19 weeks). There was no significant difference in the rate of development of dysplastic tubules between test and control animals. The development of papillary and solid tumors was significantly delayed in the test group. CONCLUSIONS: In this tumor model oral shark cartilage delays, but does not abolish, tumor progression.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preoperative diagnosis of bilateral renal oncocytoma by needle aspiration cytology. A case report.

The cytohistologic and ultrastructural findings in a case of bilateral renal oncocytoma diagnosed by needle aspiration cytology are presented. This case appears to be the first reported example in which the preoperative needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis of bilateral renal oncocytoma was made due to the presence of characteristic tumor cells that were seen singly or in small clusters with rounded polygonal shapes and abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. The preoperative diagnosis of bilateral oncocytoma permitted a timely decision as to the appropriate management in this case.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass. Report of a case in which needle aspiration cytodiagnosis led to investigation and timely management.

Needle aspiration cytology of an undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass was performed on a 37-year-old male. The cytologic findings were highly consistent with a seminoma. In the differential diagnosis the possibility of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma was considered. The cytologic features in the aspirate included uniform, single to loose groups of malignant cells with round nuclei and prominent nucleoli and pale cytoplasm with occasional vacuoles. A variable number of lymphocytes were intermingled with the neoplastic cells. On immunostaining, the markers for lymphoma, melanoma and epithelial malignancy were negative, while alpha-1-antitrypsin was positive in malignant cells, and alkaline phosphatase activity was weakly positive in the cytoplasm. In view of the cytologic diagnosis, a clinical examination of the testes was undertaken and followed by an ultrasound examination, which demonstrated a well-demarcated tumor in the left testis. It was removed and diagnosed as a typical seminoma. This case is of interest since needle aspiration cytodiagnosis not only suggested the correct diagnosis in an otherwise-undiagnosed retroperitoneal mass but also led to a timely investigation and correct management.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Luminal epithelial antigen (LEA.135) expression correlates with tumor progression for transitional carcinoma of the bladder.

Luminal epithelial antigen (LEA.135) expression has been shown to have prognostic significance in breast carcinoma, however its relationship to tumor progression in other forms of malignancy is unknown. This study evaluates LEA.135 expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and compares the findings with tumor stage and grade, and polyclonal Ki-67 derived cell cycle activity. LEA.135 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using the streptavidin-biotin method. Staining distribution was graded 0 to 4 and the results were compared with World Health Organisation tumor grade, UICC TNM stage and fraction of actively cycling cells showing positive pKi-67 immunohistochemical staining. In normal bladder epithelium, LEA.135 staining was confined to the luminal surface of superficial epithelium. In lower grade, superficial TCC LEA.135 overexpression was noted and there was a progressive loss of expression in tumors of higher grade (p = 0.0001) and advanced stage (p = 0.0001). No LEA.135 staining was seen in carcinoma-in-situ. Loss of LEA.135 expression correlates with tumor progression for bladder TCC.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗