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Biomedical subjects

B D Radotra

Publications and source records attributed to B D Radotra.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Histopathological and biochemical changes in the sutural region in craniosynostosis.

OBJECT: Histopathological observations and biochemical analysis of sutural bones in nine patients with craniosynostosis were compared with control subjects of the same age range. METHODS: Microscopic examination in craniosynostosis showed formation of an active osseous front, with higher osteoblastic activity than in controls. Biochemical analysis revealed higher calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, phospholipids and chondroitin sulphate-A contents in sutural bones of the same patients. CONCLUSIONS: The present study systematically establishes a premature increase in osteogenesis in the sutures of craniosynostosis patients.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical study of human rabies.

Rabies is a communicable disease that is almost always fatal. In its classic form, rabies is well recognized, but cases presenting with a paralytic illness mimic Landre's Guillain-Barre syndrome and in such cases the diagnosis remains in doubt. This problem is further compounded when the history of dogbite is not forthcoming. At autopsy rabies can be diagnosed by subjecting fresh tissue to virologic investigations or examining formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections for the presence of characteristic inclusions; that is, the Negri bodies. However, these inclusions are not present in all cases. Hence, the need arises for a better method for diagnosis. The present study utilized immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic tool using both monoclonal and polyclonal antirabies antibodies in 20 cases of rabies encephalomyelitis. The diagnosis of rabies could be confirmed in 17 cases (85%) based on neuropathologic findings alone. In contrast, immunohistochemistry yielded positive results in all cases. Moreover, the amount of rabies viral antigen was much more abundant than could be expected from the histopathologic findings. Thus immunohistochemistry is a rapid, safe, sensitive and specific technique for the diagnosis of rabies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Multiple, genital lobular capillary haemangioma (pyogenic granuloma) in a young woman: a diagnostic puzzle.

A 21 year old woman presented with multiple lobulated lesions on the labia majora. The surface of most of the lesions was ulcerated revealing a glistening surface. All lesions were excised. The histopathology revealed features suggestive of lobular capillary haemangioma (pyogenic granuloma). Pyogenic granuloma is considered as a reactive hyperproliferative vascular response to trauma or other stimuli. A literature search revealed reports of a few cases of lobular capillary haemangioma of the glans penis but not on the female genitalia. This case is presented to help physicians become aware that lobular capillary haemangiomas (pyogenic granuloma) may occur at this site.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Fatal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus--an autopsy study from north India.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, autoimmune disease with varied clinical manifestations and outcome. It may prove fatal due to disease activity or intercurrent infections. In recent years, earlier diagnosis and better treatment modalities have resulted in a change in the pattern of organ involvement and mode of death in the west. This aspect of the disease is unknown in India. Hence, in this autopsy series of SLE, the organ involvement and cause of death have been studied. Twenty five cases of clinically diagnosed SLE have been analysed retrospectively. Renal involvement was invariably present (96%) with class IV being the commonest lesion in 60% cases. Disease activity was noted in 60% cases. Pleuro pulmonary lesions were seen in 92% cases with infection being the commonest. Pulmonary infections included bacterial pneumonias (13), disseminated tuberculosis (3), pulmonary mucormycosis (1) and aspergillosis (1). Massive pulmonary haemorrhage in 5 cases and acute lupus pneumonitis in one, contributed to the demise of the patient. Vasculitis was evident in single organ in 9 cases, in two or more organs in 3 cases with systemic vasculitis significantly attributing to morbidity in 1 case. Active disease was the cause of death in 60% cases and infection in 40%.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1999

Renal zygomycosis: an under-diagnosed cause of acute renal failure.

BACKGROUND: Invasive zygomycosis (mucormycosis) occurs predominantly in immunocompromised patients in whom it carries a grave prognosis. While renal involvement is not so uncommon in disseminated infection, isolated renal zygomycosis is rare. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-five patients with systemic zygomycosis were seen over a 12-year period from January 1986 to December 1997. Among these, 18 had renal involvement, nine with disseminated disease and nine with isolated renal zygomycosis. No underlying predisposing disease was identified in the majority of patients (72%). Renal involvement was confirmed at autopsy in 13 and by ante-mortem renal biopsy in five patients. The infection involved one kidney in five patients and was bilateral in the remaining. The manifestations included fever, flank pain, haematuria and pyuria with evidence of enlarged non-functioning kidneys on computerised tomography (CT). Of those with bilateral disease, 12 (92.3%) had anuric acute renal failure. Anti-fungal therapy was given to six patients (amphotericin B in mean total dose of 1.1 g) and of these only two with unilateral disease who also underwent nephrectomy survived while all the other 16 died. CONCLUSION: This study shows that renal zygomycosis has emerged as a cause of acute renal failure in the last decade since no patient with renal involvement was identified at our centre prior to 1986 even though autopsies have been done regularly in patients dying of unknown causes. Bilateral renal zygomycosis should be suspected in any patient who presents with haematuria, flank pain and otherwise unexplained anuric renal failure. Characteristic CT findings and an early renal biopsy can confirm the diagnosis and help in effective management of this serious disease.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1999

Acute pneumonitis with pulmonary hemorrhage an uncommon and potentially fatal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

Acute pneumonitis with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage is potentially fatal. When it occurs in a patient of systemic lupus erythematosus, the primary disease itself may be responsible for it; rather than any complicating infection or metabolic/physiological derangement. Diagnosis of primary pulmonary involvement by systemic lupus erythematosus can only be made on open lung biopsy coupled with immunofluorescent and/or ultrastructural studies. Early diagnosis of acute pulmonary complications in systemic lupus erythematosus patients is essential as specific management is reported to improve the chances of recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

An autopsy study of Takayasu arteritis in India.

Autopsy findings of 10 patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) are presented. These patients include six females and four males with a mean age of 22.6+/-10.2 years. Hypertension was the commonest mode of presentation. On autopsy, the vascular lesions in the aorta comprised of stenosis (eight), dilatation (six), aneurysm (two) and dissection of aorta involving its arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta (one). Abdominal aorta was the commonest site of involvement (nine patients) and renal artery was involved in six patients. Histologically, the three types of lesions were identified--active, fibrotic and combination of active and fibrotic lesions. Active inflammatory lesions in the arterial circuit were present despite a clinically chronic (silent) phase of the disease. Cardiac involvement included left ventricular hypertrophy (nine), right ventricular hypertrophy (four), biventricular hypertrophy (three), myocarditis (two) (rheumatic and Takayasu's myocarditis--one patient each) and involvement of coronary artery (one). The pulmonary artery was involved in two patients. Kidneys showed changes of malignant hypertension and benign nephrosclerosis in one patient each. Associated tuberculosis was present in four patients. The causes of mortality were congestive heart failure (four), chronic renal failure (two), intracranial bleed, aneurysmal rupture and pulmonary thromboembolism in one patient each. Thus, the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Indian patients with TA is due to severe uncontrolled hypertension and its effect on heart, kidney and brain. The disease appears to have a persistent activity for a prolonged period even when it appears to be clinically silent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Overlap of reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura, acropigmentation of Dohi and Dowling-Degos disease in four generations.

A large kindred is being reported in which reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (RAPK) and acropigmentation of Dohi (APD) were associated with features of Dowling-Degos disease (DDD). The pedigree was traced through four generations and 50% of the members were found to be affected. RAPK, APD and DDD are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. The differentiation and overlap/association of RAPK, APD and DDD is discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1998

External clues to inner malformations.

A malformation is a morphological defect of an organ, or a larger region of the body resulting from an intrinsically abnormal developmental process. In this analysis of 1421 neonatal autopsies performed between 1984 and 1993, 243 (17.1%) cases showed malformations. The data was analysed to find external cues to internal malformations. Twenty three (85%) of the 27 neonates with various facial abnormalities had associated internal malformations in the form of cardiac (n = 11; 40%), renal (n = 7; 25%), or gastrointestinal (n = 3; 11%) abnormalities and diaphragmatic hernia (n = 2). Sixty seven neonates had neural abnormalities. These were associated with cardiac (n = 7; 10%), renal (n = 12; 18%) or gastrointestinal (n = 7; 10%) abnormalities; 43 cases, however, did not have any associated malformations. Renal malformations (n = 66) had highest association with skeletal abnormalities (n = 9; 22%). As many as 45(76%) of the 59 cases with cardiac abnormalities had no external anomalies. Five cases of hypoplastic lungs were seen, all associated with external malformations.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Rhabdomyosarcoma of head and neck--an analysis of 24 cases.

Clinical records of 24 cases or rhabdomyosarcoma involving head and neck region were studied. Majority of the patients (83.3%) were under five years of age. The common sites of involvement were the middle ear (50%) and the nasopharynx (17%). Embryonal variety was noted in majority of patients (83.3%). Pain and swelling in the post aural or pre-auricular region was the commonest mode of presentation. Last four cranial nerves were involved in eight patients and four patients had extension of the tumor in the posterior cranial fossa. Twenty patients having embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma received combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Half of these remained tumor free upto six months. Surgical extirpation was done only in two patients, where the disease was localised. The tumor in these two patients was of pleomorphic variety and did not recur till two years after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Plasma cell balanitis: clinical and histopathological features--response to circumcision.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinicopathological features and response to circumcision in patients with plasma cell balanitis. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: 32 uncircumcised men with penile lesions typical of plasma cell balanitis. Twenty specimens were available for histopathology. RESULTS: Lesions involved prepuce and glans in 17, prepuce only in 10 and in 5 were localised to glans alone or extended to coronal sulcus. Histopathology showed variable features but were consistent with the diagnosis of plasma cell balanitis. Haemosiderin pigment could be detected in only three specimens of patients with shorter duration of the disease. Twenty seven patients were treated with circumcision and no recurrence was noticed in 3 years of follow up. CONCLUSION: Circumcision is an effective treatment modality in plasma cell balanitis. Absence of haemosiderin pigment in majority of tissue sections is difficult to explain but may be related to longer duration of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Choroid plexus tumours--an immunohistochemical analysis with review of literature.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 9 choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) and 3 choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) using a panel of antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), S-100 protein, vimentin (vim), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is presented. Focal positivity was observed for GFAP in 11, vimentin in 7, cytokeratin in 2 and EMA in 3 cases. Diffuse and intense immunoreactivity for S-100 protein was seen in all papillomas, however, unreactive areas were noted in carcinomas. All cases exhibited focal to diffuse NSE positivity. Location and type of the tumour and age of the patient did not influence the staining pattern except for predominant S-100 positivity in papillomas. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the differential diagnosis or immunoreactivity patterns of these tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Localized amyloidosis of the nasopharynx.

A case of localized amyloidosis of the nasopharynx is presented. This is only the seventh case report of nasopharyngeal amyloidosis to the best of our knowledge. Though rare, this disease should be diagnosed early and properly treated with surgery. All patients of localized disease should be followed up for any evidence of systemic amyloidosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Metastatic tumour of the iris: a rare presentation.

Metastasis to the iris is less frequent than that to the ciliary body and choroid. This might be the presenting feature. We report a 40 years male patient, a chronic smoker, who presented with pain, redenss and photophobia in the right eye. On detailed examination and investigations it turned out to be a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus metastasising to the iris. The presentation, difficulty in the diagnosis and management is discussed with review of the relavent literature.

Adult↗