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Biomedical subjects

B D Bhatia

Publications and source records attributed to B D Bhatia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in neonatal septicemia.

Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neonatal septicemia. The present study was planned to estimate the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in neonatal septicemia. The study was done to evaluate the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic in neonates with septicemia. This prospective study included 44 septicemic babies as cases and a group of 84 matched healthy babies formed the control. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GTPx), Catalase, Uric acid (UA) and Albumin (Alb) were estimated in the serum and compared between the groups. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS-10 software. Neonates with septicemia had significantly higher levels of MDA, SOD, GTPx, and Catalase, while the levels of UA and Alb were significantly lower as compared to controls (p<0.001). Significantly elevated levels of MDA (p<0.05) and depressed levels of UA (p<0.001) were found in babies with late onset sepsis. Neonates who ultimately succumbed had significantly elevated levels of MDA, SOD, GTPx and Catalase, whereas levels of UA and Alb were significantly depressed (p<0.001). Neonates with sepsis are handicapped in terms of their defense mechanism against free radicals. The utility of supplementation of antioxidant enzymes in neonates with septicemia needs further evaluation.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2006

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in childhood: an uncommon presentation.

An eight year old boy presented with severe anemia and bleeding spots. Complete blood count showed pancytopenia. There was mild reticulocytosis. Bone marrow was hypocellular with normoblastic erythroid hyperplasia. Ham's test (acidified serum test) was positive which confirmed the diagnosis of Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Although PNH is rare in childhood, it should be considered as a diagnostic possibility in cases of aplastic anemia as the two conditions can coexist. The presence of PNH in association with aplastic anemia can influence the outcome of the latter.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2005

Abdominal tuberculosis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

An eight-year-old male child presented with progressive distension of abdomen, fever, pallor and jaundice with a history of tubercular contact. Investigations were suggestive of abdominal tuberculosis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The child responded well to a course of oral steroids with antitubercular treatment. A literature search did not reveal any previous case report of an association between tuberculosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed2005

Spinal motor neuron excitability in newborns following fetal distress: sub-clinical depression revealed by soleus H-reflex.

OBJECTIVE: To explore possible spinal cord dysfunction in clinically unaffected newborns emerging from fetal distress, using H-Reflex. METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprised 48 full-term newborn infants investigated between 8h and 10 days after birth. Twenty-one (21) had fetal distress defined by late-decelerations in fetal heart rate, out of which 11 had also meconium release in utero; 5 passed meconium in utero with normal FHR patterns; and 22 normal controls had uneventful birth. All had normal birth-weight and Apgar scores. All were found normal on neurological examination, except one showing hypotonia following fetal distress. Soleus H-reflex was studied in right lower limb. RESULTS: Newborns delivered with fetal distress showed significant reduction in H-reflex excitability (H/M ratio) within 2 days of birth. Tests performed closer to the birth event revealed more severe depression. Meconium did not contribute to this effect. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal distress can lead to transient, subclinical depression of spinal motoneurons in the newborn. SIGNIFICANCE: This neonatal H-reflex study focuses on excitability of a spinal motoneuron pool rather than conduction parameters (reflecting myelination) available in literature. It reveals excitability changes missed on clinical examination of newborns apparently unaffected by intrapartum hypoxic-ischemic spells. It also draws attention towards spinal cord dysfunction in birth-hypoxia.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Perceptual development in relation to nutritional status.

The present study was conducted on 180 children in the age group 5-10 years. These children were divided accordingly their ages into 3 sub-groups i.e. 5-6, 7-8 and 9-10 years respectively. In each group 60 children were studied. For the assessment of perceptual skills each child was tested with the help of Picture Ambiguity Test. Responses to the ambiguous cards were scored with respect to time taken to react in each card and ability of the child to perceive figure and ground relationship i.e. centration and decentration. The observations showed that with increase in age, centration effect reduces and majority of the children start decentring their perception by middle childhood. Further, children in higher age group took lesser time to respond on different ambiguous cards. When the responses of well-nourished and undernourished children were compared for perceptual flexibility in terms of part-whole perception i.e. centration and decentration; no difference was observed between the two groups. There was a significant difference in the performance of well-nourished and undernourished children when time to respond on ambiguous card was compared. Well-nourished children took lesser time to respond on different ambiguous cards. These observations in general suggest that poor nutrition may result in impaired perceptual abilities in children.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Aplasia cutis congenita.

Two cases of aplasia cutis congenita are reported here. One of the cases also had pre- and postaxial polydactyly and other digital anomalies.

Ectodermal Dysplasia↗
PubMed2000

Neurobehavioural assessment of newborns.

Twenty-one full term appropriate for gestational age (FT-AGA), 18 full term small for gestational age (FT-SGA), 18 preterm appropriate for gestational age (PT-AGA) and 15 babies who suffered birth anoxia constituted study subjects. They were subjected to neurobehavioural assessment using Brazelton neurobehaviour assessment scale. FT-SGA babies performed significantly poorly on motor and interactive processes only. No differences were found in terms of overall state organisation. PT-AGA also performed poorly on interactive and motor processes but were placed better than SGA babies. Here also no definite pattern was observed in organisational dimension. No significant effect of asphyxia on behavioural pattern of FT-AGA babies was observed when compared to FT-AGA non-anoxic babies.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1997

H-reflex latency: a maturity criterion for newborn babies.

One hundred newborn babies were investigated for H-reflex latency (H-RL) in between 33 to 40 weeks (wk) of post-conceptional age (PCA). Weekly data of both preterms (33 to 36 wk PCA) and fullterms (37 to 40 wk PCA) were compared. A significant reduction in H-RL was noticed at 37 wk PCA when newborns attain their term. The babies could be classified into preterms and fullterms by using their H-RL values.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Meconium stained amniotic fluid: antenatal, intrapartum and neonatal attributes.

OBJECTIVES: To find out the incidence, outcome as well as antenatal, intrapartum and neonatal attributes of meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Neonatal Unit of Hospital. SUBJECTS: 1426 live births occurring in 1500 consecutive deliveries, over one year period. INTERVENTIONS: In all babies born through MSAF, thorough oropharyngeal suction as soon as the head was delivered followed by immediate intratracheal intubation and suctioning in infants depressed at birth. RESULTS: 204 (14.3%) deliveries had MSAF of which thick meconium was present in 141. Hepatitis in mother, fetal distress during labor and intrauterine growth retardation were significant factors associated with MSAF. One fifth of babies born through MSAF suffered severe birth anoxia compared to 5.6% in non-MSAF group. The consistency of meconium had direct bearing on the neonatal outcome. Severe birth asphyxia (SBA) occurred in 27.0 and 6.3% of babies with thick and thin meconium staining, respectively. Meconium aspiration syndrome was observed in 9 babies of thick meconium group and 8 of these were depressed at birth. All deaths occurred in thick meconium group and were associated with SBA. CONCLUSIONS: Selective approach can be adopted for babies with MSAF reserving intratracheal suctioning at birth for depressed neonate or evidence of fetal distress in utero. Rest of the neonates only need careful observation after thorough oronasopharyngeal suctioning.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1995

Immunoglobulin G and complement C3 levels in pregnancy induced hypertension.

The immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement C3 (C3) were measured in the maternal as well cord blood sera of 30 cases of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) as well as 9 controls with normotensive pregnancy. A depression of IgG as well as C3 level was observed in the maternal as well as cord sera of the mothers with PIH. These findings suggest decreased immunological status of both mother and her offspring in PIH, irrespective of the gestation and intrauterine growth status.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1995

An outbreak of multidrug resistant. Salmonella typhimurium in a nursery.

A nursery epidemic caused by multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium is reported. In total, 21 infants developed symptomatic illness; of these, 17 had septicemia (7 blood culture positive) and 4 had diarrhea alone. Asymptomatic carrier state was identified in 13 infants. Male sex and birth asphyxia increased the risk for symptomatic illness. Fever, lethargy, and diarrhea were the most common clinical features. Amongst the septicemic infants there was no difference in clinical profile whether the blood culture was positive or negative for S. typhimurium. In the symptomatic group, S. typhimurium was isolated from feces in 19 cases and from blood in 7 cases. In both symptomatic and asymptomatic infants, all isolates of S. typhimurium, whether obtained from feces and/or from blood, were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim, and a significant number (almost one-fifth) of them also showed resistance to third generation cephalosporins. More than 90% of isolates were sensitive to aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin. On a combination of third generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone) and amikacin, 17 (81%) infants recovered, 2 succumbed to their illness, and 2 failed to improve and required ciprofloxacin. The origin of epidemic was traced to a carrier staff nurse working in nursery.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Congenital malformations at birth.

Three thousand nine hundred and thirty-two consecutive newborns were examined at birth for the presence of congenital malformations. The overall incidence of malformations was 1.2%. Congenital malformations accounted for 9.2% of perinatal and 12.8% of neonatal deaths. The central nervous system (39.5%) was most commonly involved followed by musculoskeletal system (14.5%). Involvement of more than one system was observed in 18.8% cases. Though there was higher incidence of malformations in babies born to mothers of more than 35 years the difference was not statistically significant. However, the babies born to mothers of gravidity 4 or more had significantly higher incidence of malformation when compared to mothers of lower gravidity (chi1(2) = 4.67, p < 0.05). The incidence of congenital malformations at birth was higher in stillborn and low birthweight babies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1994

Maternal hemoglobin and serum albumin and fetal growth.

Four hundred and eighty four pregnant women and their offsprings were studied to determine the relationship of maternal hemoglobin and serum protein levels on the birthweight of offspring. The correlation coefficient of maternal hemoglobin as well as serum albumin level (gamma = 0.1097 and 0.0936, respectively) with birthweight were not statistically significant. However, mean birthweight of neonates born to nonanemic mothers was significantly higher than of those born to anemic mothers. The prevalence of low birthweight babies was significantly higher among anemic mothers (p < 0.01); however, no such trend was observed in relation to maternal serum albumin (p > 0.05).

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗