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Biomedical subjects

B Clausen

Publications and source records attributed to B Clausen.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Some hematological values of free-ranging African elephants.

Blood samples were collected from 23 free-ranging African elephants(Loxodonta africana) in Tanzania. Red and white blood cell counts, white blood cell differential, hemoglobin, blood copper, and blood inorganic phosphate were determined. No correlation of any of these measurements with age and sex was discernible, except that the total white count was significantly higher in females than in males in all age groups. The findings are compared with those previously reported for captive and free-ranging African elephants.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The incidence of Salmonella bacteria in Danish wildlife and in imported animals.

Based upon examination during the three-year-period 1972-74 of 2519 Danish game animals and of 415 warmblooded and 214 cold-blooded animals of foreign origin an attempt has been made to make out the incidence of Salmonella infection among Danish game as compared to Danish domestic animals, to estimate the risk of cross contamination in the kitchen from such animals, to find out if Danish game are infected from polluted areas, and to uncover the possible risk of introducing new Salmonella species with imported animals. The results (Table I) show a Salmonella incidence of 0.9% among Danish game, 1.3% among warm-blooded animals of foreign, and 13.6% among reptiles of foreign origin. Details about the distribution of types are given in Table II for animals of Danish origin, and in Table III for imported animals. The conclusion is: (I) In Denmark Salmonella infections are less common among game than among domestic animals. (II) Of game animals regularly used for human consumption only two mallards and no mammals yielded Salmonella, which implies that the risk of cross contamination is very small. (III) Except for sea-gulls Danish game do not seem to pick up infection from polluted areas. (IV) The greatest health hazard seems to be associated with imported reptiles, because these animals are potential excretors of Salmonella and because they are often sold as pets which means that especially children are exposed. Besides what is shown in the tables an outbreak of salmonellosis in small birds during the winter 1973-74 is described. This outbreak, however, does not influence the general estimate of the risk involved in the consumption of game, since small birds are not used for human food in Denmark.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A stream depletion field experiment.

A field experiment was carried out to measure drawdowns in observation wells and stream depletion flows that occurred when water was abstracted from a well beside a stream. The field data is analyzed herein to determine the aquifer transmissivity, T, the aquifer storage coefficient, S, and a streambed leakage parameter, lambda, by comparing measurements with a solution obtained by Hunt (1999). The analysis uses early time drawdowns with a match-point method to determine T and S, and stream depletion measurements at later times are used to determine lambda. The final results are reasonably consistent for measurements taken in four observation wells. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed, and two alternative ways of estimating lambda are also discussed.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ceftriaxone/metronidazole is more effective than ampicillin/netilmicin/metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial peritonitis.

In a prospective, open, controlled clinical study, 190 consecutive patients who were thought to have bacterial peritonitis before operation, were randomised to antibiotic treatment during and after operation with either ceftriaxone 1 g plus metronidazole 1.5 g once daily (n = 94) or ampicillin 2 g plus netilmicin 150 mg twice daily plus metronidazole 1.5 g once daily (n = 96). Incisional and deep surgical wound infections, postoperative pneumonia and urinary tract infection as well as deaths caused by infection were recorded. Ceftriaxone-metronidazole was significantly more effective than ampicillin-netilmicin-metronidazole, 6/94 wound related infections (6%) compared to 18/96 (19%) (p = 0.02). In patients with peritonitis caused by a perforated colon or appendix the rates of clinical failure were 6% and 28%, respectively. We consider ceftriaxone plus metronidazole an efficient and easily administered antibiotic regimen in patients with bacterial peritonitis, and both the wide range of activity against Gram-negative aerobic rods and the long half life of ceftriaxone seem to be beneficial.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumocystis carinii Delanoë & Delanoë, 1912 found in lungs of freeliving animals in Denmark at autopsy.

Stained imprints made from autopsy lung biopsies from hares, foxes, badgers, stone martens, one hedgehog, roe deer from Denmark and from caribou from Greenland were examined microscopically for Pneumocystis carinii. Pneumocysts were found in the lungs of 3 out of 28 hares, 3 out of 18 foxes and 1 out of 6 roe deer. This is the first report of Pneumocystis carinii in hares, foxes, and roe deer in Denmark. It seems to be the first report of Pneumocystis carinii in roe deer.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Summer mortality among caribou calves in West Greenland.

Colibacillosis with polyarthritis, due to E. coli O-group 55, has been found to be responsible for a high summer mortality among caribou valves in West Greenland. The mortality is presumably consequential on overstocking and therefore likely to subside as the caribou population in the preferred habitats is reduced to a lower density--the optimum level of which is as yet unknown.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mercury and methylmercury in liver tissue from ringed herring gulls collected in three Danish localities.

In connection with a large scale reduction of herring gulls population, 119 ringed herring gulls were collected from Hirsholmene (Oresund), and Christiansø (Baltic Sea) in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The gulls had been ringed at the respective localities where they were later killed. An average of 0.65 mg Hg/kg liver (wet weight) was found with considerable differences between the three localities.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The incidence of Salmonella bacteria in wild-living animals from Denmark and in imported animals.

In a 6 year examination (1975-80) of 3036 game mammals and 3004 game birds from Denmark, and of 684 warm-blooded animals of foreign origin, Salmonella was found in 0.2% of Danish mammals, 0.8% of danish game birds, and 0.1% of the animals of foreign origin. Furthermore, Salmonella was isolated from 16% of 605 mute swans which died from starvation during the winter 1978-79, and from 2.4% of 296 faeces samples from hooded crows. Even though the occurrence of Salmonella among Danish cattle has been increasing during recent years, this does not seem to be the case among game, mallards excepted. Mallards raised in breeding units are often treated with antibiotics as a routine; in this way the mortality due to Salmonella is reduced, but some birds will still carry Salmonella bacteria when released. The high salmonella frequency among the mute swans that died during the winter of 1978-79 was probably a result of large numbers of birds gathering in harbours or in small stretches of open water near sew outlets.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thallium loading in owls and other birds of prey in Denmark.

Due to previous findings of increased concentrations of the rodenticid, thallium, in free-living Danish carnivores, thallium analysis has been carried out on material from 77 owls and birds of prey. Thallium was found in 2/3 of the birds and in 10% the concentration was so high that the load of thallium may have caused the death of the birds. The load of thallium in birds of prey was lower than concentrations found in carnivores, probably because poisoning caused by direct intake of thallium baits placed for rodent control does not seem to occur among birds of prey. From the investigation of this limited number of birds, it is not possible to tell if thallium did have any influence on the maintenance of a healthy population of birds of prey, but the large number of thallium loaded birds also justify the restrictions in the sue of thallium which were given from the 1st of July, 1975.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of Trichinella spiralis in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and other game species in Denmark.

A survey of the rate of infection with Trichinella spiralis among game animals in Denmark is given with special regard to foxes. A total of 5084 foxes and 293 mustelidae were examined, most of them by a combined digestion and Baermann technique. Deep-frozen samples were examined by a method including digestion, filtration, and sedimentation. Four foxes were found infected (cf. Fig. 1). Three of them were shot inside or just outside a fenced area within which wild boars had previously been found infected. It is concluded that Trichinella infection in Danish free-living carnivores is very rare and that the prevalence in foxes is low compared to most European countries.

Animals↗