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Biomedical subjects

B Clausen

Publications and source records attributed to B Clausen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

A combined DNA-microsatellite and isozyme analysis of the population structure of the harbour porpoise in Danish waters and west Greenland.

One hundred and twenty-four specimens of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, occurring in inner Danish waters (IDW), the North Sea and West Greenland were analysed to study subdivision into genetically differentiated subpopulations using PCR-amplified DNA-microsatellites and isozyme markers. Three polymorphic microsatellites, 415/416, 417/418 and Igf-I (insulin-like growth factor I) were detected with nine, eight and 15 alleles, respectively, and from a former study two polymorphic isozymes, Mpi-1 and Pgm, with three and two alleles, respectively, were used in the analysis. Overall deviations from the expected Hardy-Weinberg distribution were only observed in the total sample and at a single locus in the North Sea-summer sample and at two loci in the West Greenland sample. Whenever this occurred a surplus of homozygotes was observed, suggesting a Wahlund effect, a null allele or nonrandom mating. The analysis of the genetical population structure showed that harbour porpoises from West Greenland, the North Sea and IDW were three geographically, genetically differentiated populations even though connected through some degree of gene flow. A tendency for females to be more stationary than males was suggested. Furthermore, the population structure suggested a closer relationship between IDW and the North Sea.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Ceftriaxone vs. ampicillin + metronidazole as prophylaxis against infections after clean-contaminated abdominal surgery.

In a prospective, controlled, double-blind study, 496 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were given antibiotic prophylaxis with a single dose of either ceftriaxone or ampicillin + metronidazole. No significant intergroup difference was found between the respective overall rates of infectious complications (3.2% and 4.9%). Analysis of the microbiologic findings showed incisional wound infections, mainly caused by gram-negative rods, to be more common in the ampicillin-metronidazole group, whereas deep wound infections were more frequent in the ceftriaxone group. It is concluded that ceftriaxone seems to be more efficient than ampicillin-metronidazole as prophylaxis against incisional wound infection, but should preferably be supplemented with an antianaerobic agent to prevent deep wound infections.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Immobilization and tagging of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in Jameson Land, northeastern Greenland.

In July 1982 and 1983, 491 muskoxen were handled in a tagging project in Jameson Land, northeastern Greenland. Groups of muskoxen as well as single individuals were rounded up effectively by Greenland huskies and kept in an accessible position suitable for injection of immobilizing drugs. Standard doses of drugs were developed for each age class. For adults the dose used was 2 mg etorphine, 30 mg xylazine and 200 IU hyaluronidase. For yearlings the xylazine was reduced to 20 mg while the etorphine and hyaluronidase remained at 2 and 200, respectively. For calves the doses were 0.5 mg etorphine with 200 IU hyaluronidase. The narcotic antagonist used was deprenorphine (used with hyaluronidase) administered via the intramuscular route so that all animals in any group would recover more or less simultaneously.

Animal Identification Systems↗
PubMed1983

Heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead and mercury) in common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from Denmark.

In an examination of 50 Danish common eiders, the liver and kidney content of cadmium, copper, lead and mercury was determined. Eiders were chosen for analysis, because this species feed almost exclusively on the common mussel (Mytilus edulis), which is known to accumulate heavy metals. The concentrations recorded of cadmium, copper, and mercury were lower than what is usually regarded as toxic for birds, except for one eider which carried more than 2000 mg copper/kg liver tissue (dry weight). Of the 42 eiders analysed for lead, four had toxic levels, i.e., more than 7 mg per kg liver wet weight, and two other had increased levels, i.e., 3-7 mg lead per kg liver wet weight. The mean Cd concentration was 3.3 mg/kg liver (ww). This means that by consumption of ab. 160 gram liver from the common eider, the weekly tolerable intake of cadmium suggested by FAO/WHO would be exceeded.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lead burden in mute swans from Denmark.

During the severe winter of 1978-79, large numbers of mute swans died in coastal areas in Denmark; of these 2111 were collected for autopsy. The area of origin and the sex of the 2111 swans, 184 of which were ringed, are given in Table I and Fig. 1. At autopsy (Table II) most of the swans were recorded as having died from starvation. Lead pellets were found in only 0.7% of the gizzards (Table III) probably because most ingested pellets had been eroded away before the swans died. The results of analysis of 76 swans selected at autopsy and of the 184 ringed swans show that lead poisoned swans are not always recognized at autopsy (Table III and IV). Ten per cent of the ringed swans carried more than 7 mg lead per kg liver wet weight (Ww) and 34% more than 3 mg/kg (Ww) (Table IV), while an elevated lead content (greater than 30 mg/kg dry weight) was found in the sternum of 40% of the swans (Fig. 2). The load of lead in the liver was higher in the few swans from the western part of Jutland than in swans from the main sampling areas, while in the sternum it was relatively lower in swans from the southern part of the country (Lolland, Falster) (Table V). No difference in lead content was found between males and females. The lead content in the liver was not correlated with age, while a positive correlation was found between age and the lead content in the sternum (Table VI).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Heavy metals (copper, cadmium, lead, mercury) in mute swans from Denmark.

During the severe winter of 1978-79, large numbers of mute swans died in coastal areas of Denmark. Of these, 2111 were collected for examination. The analyses confirm previous findings of relatively high copper levels in mute swans (mean for 178 livers was 2680 mg/kg dry weight (Dw) and for 110 kidneys 34 mg/kg Dw) (Table I, Fig. 1). The copper content was not related to sex or age (Table II). The highest liver levels of copper were found in swans from Western Jutland. Cadmium was found at the same relatively low levels as recorded for waterfowl elsewhere (mean for 178 livers was 12 mg/kg Dw, for 110 kidneys 24 mg/kg Dw) (Table I, Fig. 2). The cadmium content was not sex-related, but it increased with age (Table II). The mean mercury content (liver) was 1.4 mg/kg Dw in the 10 birds analysed (Table I). The mean lead content was 15 mg/kg Dw in the 178 livers analysed and 31 mg/kg Dw in 110 sternum (Table I and Fig. 3). The lead content was not sex-related. In sternum, but not in livers, it was related to age (Table II). One third of the swans were found lead-contaminated probably after ingestion of lead pellets. None of the swans carried high levels of both copper, cadmium, and lead (Table III).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Survey for trypanosomes in black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis).

Blood samples were taken from 39 black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), usually soon after they were captured. The blood was examined microscopically for trypanosomes, and most samples were tested for trypanosome serum antibodies and inoculated into small laboratory animals. Serum antibodies were found in most animals and trypanosomes identified as Trypanosoma brucei were found in 7 of 39 (18%) of the rhinoceros. Berenil (diminazene aceturate) did not effect complete elimination of trypanosomes. In spite of treatment, one rhinoceros died of trypanosomiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Lead pellets in Danish cattle.

A survey was made in order to estimate the occurrence of lead pellets in the reticulum of Danish cattle and the consequential increase if any, in the lead concentration in liver and kidney tissue of the animals concerned. The investigation comprised the contents of the reticulum from 415 head of cattle, males and females, adults and calves. Furthermore, livers, and/or kidneys from 34 head of cattle, with and without lead pellets in the reticulum, were analysed for lead. A total of 1120 lead pellets were found in 230 (55%) of the cattle (Table II) the number of pellets per individual ranging from 1 to 55 with an average of 0.47 gram lead in each of the 230 animals. The weight of the lead pellets found in the reticulum was 20--40% lower than that of similar pellets from unfired cartridges. (Fig. 1, Table I), indicating a partial dissolution of the pellets during their stay in the reticulum. No correlation was established between the number of lead pellets in the reticulum and the lead content in the liver and the kidneys (Fig. 2), and no increase was found in the lead content in the organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Bacteriologic survey of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis).

A bacteriological survey was carried out on 30 black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) of which 23 were newly captured and seven were captive. A beta haemolytic Streptococcus, group L was found in skin lesions and various wounds, causing septicaemia and death in two animals. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 3 rhinoceros, and caused the death of one. The bacteria isolated often proved resistant to penicillin. Streptomycin is recommended for treatment. Sixteen other bacteria sp. were isolated, and apart from a Salmonella sp. none were considered to be specific pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Copper load in Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) found in Denmark.

Organs from 91 Mule Swans were analyzed for copper and lead. Swans from an area known to be polluted with copper had an average copper content in their livers of nearly 1100 mg/kg or more than twice as much as swams from other parts of Denmark.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Trichinella spiralis in wild boars (Sus scrofa).

During the period 1.7. 1972--31.6. 1977 muscle samples from 137 wild boars were examined for Trichinella spiralis. Larvae of T. spiralis were demonstrated in 4 animals. The major part (83) of the wild boars examined, including the 4 positive ones, originated from one particular game park. The rate of infection with T. spiralis in the game park concerned was 4.8%. Calculated on the basis of the total of animals examined, the rate of infection was 2.9%.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1977

Gardner's syndrome. Report of three cases and review of the literature.

Three cases of Gardner's syndrome are reported. Two patients had one and two carcinomas in the colon respectively. Postoperatively the two patients developed desmoid tumours in the abdominal wall, and one of them also an intraabdominal desmoid. The literature is briefly reviewed with respect to diagnosis and treatment of the components of the syndrome. A special section is devoted to the differentialdiagnostic problems. The reports from the last years concerning this problem are surveyed, and the rationale for maintenance of Gardner's syndrome and familial polyposis of the colon as two different genetic entities is questioned.

Adult↗