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Biomedical subjects

B Chiche

Publications and source records attributed to B Chiche.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The clinical measurement of volumes using helical CT.

The object of this preliminary study is to evaluate the new techniques of measurement by helical CT which allow direct assessment of the volume of a lesion in clinical practice particularly by obtaining direct macroscopic anatomical correlation. Its primary application is anatomical, with measurement of the volumes of organs or anatomical structures, the clinical importance of which relates primarily to oncology. We present our initial results, including their applications and limits, before extending this study to a larger series so that it may be compared with other multicentre evaluations.

Feasibility Studies↗
PubMed1982

Chemical synthesis and molecular pharmacology of hydroxylated 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl-piperidine derivatives.

The following monohydroxy derivatives of 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine (phencyclidine, PCP) were synthesized: o-, m-, and p-phenols of PCP, 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-piperidinol, and two stereoisomeric pairs of 3-phenyl-3-(1-piperidinyl)cyclohexanol and 4-phenyl-4-(1-piperidinyl)cyclohexanol. Inhibition of specific binding of tritiated PCP, morphine, or quinuclidinyl benzylate (QNB) in rat brain homogenates was measured for these compounds. Inhibition of PCP binding for selected compounds correlated with mouse rotarod assay activity. The most characteristic effects of hydroxylation of PCP on the cyclohexyl, piperidine, or phenyl moieties are the following: (i) it generally decreases its activity in inhibiting [3H]PCP binding by a factor of 10 to 80; (ii) it does not produce a large variation in the affinity for the morphine receptor; (iii) it produces a considerable decrease of the affinity for the muscarinic receptor. An important exception to these general observations was the metaphenolic derivative of PCP. This PCP derivative has an affinity for the [3H]PCP binding sites that is 8 times higher than that of PCP itself; its affinity for the muscarinic receptor is only twice lower than that of PCP, but its affinity for the morphine receptor is 430 times higher than that of PCP and only one order of magnitude lower than that of morphine itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Blood gastrin levels after electrical stimulation of the vagus (author's transl)].

Acid secretion from the cells bordering the gastric fundus may be stimulated by a direct action of histamine or pentagastrin... or from electrical stimulation of the vagus as used to control vagotomy. It is not known, however, whether this latter effect is due to direct stimulation of the lining cells or follows hypersecretion of gastrin. In order to clarify this point, a stimulus was applied to the isolated vagus during vagotomy, and gastric acid and peripheral blood gastrin levels measured. Increased or decreased gastrin levels were noted in about the same number of cases. No direct relationship with pH variations was observed, and confirmation that vagal stimulation affects the lining cells through the intermediary of increased systemic blood gastrin levels was not obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Use of histological criteria to evaluate the quality of vagotomy operations. Does ascending degeneration of the nerve exist? (author's transl)].

Following vagotomy it is a common finding to observe a neuroma at the upper extremity of the nerve. Furthermore, Tinel, quoting Ranson, believes that the sensory fibers of the sectioned pneumogastric may be affected by ascending degeneration. In fact, during thoracic vagotomy after an unsuccessful abdominal vagotomy, histological examination of the resected right thoracic nerve demonstrated disorganization with the appearance of partial ascending degeneration. It appeared possible, therefore, to assess the quality of a vagotomy, by studying the histological appearance of the resected vagus when a further operation using the thoracic approach is necessary. An experimental study was conducted in dogs and the results confirmed the presence, at the upper extremity, of both an amputation neuroma and neuronal changes, though these latter lesions were limited to a region 3 cm above the section level. It is reasonable to assume, therefore, that the lower segment of a vagus resected by the thoracic approach, after an unsuccessful abdominal vagotomy, should show degenerative lesions if the vagotomy had been effective, but these lesions are limited in extent.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Endoscopic sphincterotomy. 362 cases (author's transl)].

In addition to its diagnostic value, endoscopic catheterisation of the papilla may be used for the therapeutic purpose of diathermy incision of the papilla and of the intraduodenal portion of the common bile duct. Endoscopic sphincterotomy of this type has been essentially used in choletithiasis and in particular for residual lithiasis. These indications may be widened to include benign stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi, tumours of the ampulla of Vater or even acute pancreatitis. In a total of 362 cases, sphincterotomy was successful in 347 patients, it being possible to remove the calculi present in 279 of the 309 patients treated with success for lithiasis of the common bile duct. Complications occur in approximately 10% of cases, being fatal in 1.4% of cases. These are essentially related to bleeding. Retrospective comparison of mortality after surgical operation and after endoscopic sphincterotomy is in favour of the latter, provided the technique employed is perfect and the indication clearly defined. Performed without general anaesthesia, endoscopic sphincterotomy is above all indicated in the elderly and/or those with other major pathology who can be successfully treated with reduced risk in 93% of cases, as shown by the 140 personal cases of the authors cured between 6 and 36 months ago.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Primary lymphoid sarcomas of the stomach. Ten cases (author's transl)].

These sarcomas fall within a precise definition and must be differentiated from gastrointestinal involvement in a haematological disorder. For certain histological forms (nodular forms), the prognosis is less bad than that of carcinomas. Pre-operative diagnosis, often difficult, must be established by large biopsies. The best results are likely to result from a combination of surgery and radiotherapy or of surgery and chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

[Heterotopic pancreas. Report of 8 new cases (author's transl)].

The authors report 8 new cases of heterotopic pancreas and the clinical signs of each case. The emphasise the difficulties of preoperative diagnosis owing to their usually small size and the necessity of surgical treatment justified by the same lesions which affect the normally placed pancreas including cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Isolated and involvement in Crohn's disease (author's transl)].

Anorectal lesions in Crohn's disease are usually associated with colonic involvement. Under other circumstances, they reflect an additional localisation of the disease, being indicative of its progression. However, they may remain strictly isolated and pose a diagnostic problem. The authors report here a case of anoperineal lesions which remained isolated after a 5 year course of the disease and which led to the need for anoperineal excision.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Gastric acid secretion by vagal electrostimulation (author's transl)].

In the operative verification of vagotomy, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves with the study of pH should seem to be a reliable method. On the basis of an experiment in the cat, the authors emphasise the effectiveness of electrical stimulation of gastric acid secretion, confirmed by 16 clinical cases. Stimulation of the proximal end of the divided right nerve may be used to detect a nervous strand arising above the level of the section and to confirm the completeness of left vagotomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Value of and indications for noxythiolin in generalized peritonitis].

The favourable experience of M. BROWN with noxythiolin in fecal peritonitis has prompted us, over the last seven years, to use this product in all forms of generalized peritonitis. This study involved 187 cases of generalized peritonitis : 102 males and 85 females, whose mean age was 53 years. Noxythiolin was reserved for severe cases (after having deliberately decided not to perform a comparative control series), the severity being related to the advanced age of the patients, the delay in intervention, and preexisting disorders. It was used in the form of a peroperative lavage of the peritoneal cavity and a postoperative instillation. The overall survival (71 p. 100) and that observed in particular in peritonitis of colonic origin (58 p. 100), seem to be arguments in favour of the beneficial effect of the product. Noxythiolin contributes to the sterilization of the peritoneal cavity. By virtue of its efficacy, the simplicity of its use, and its innocuousness, it merits a place in the therapeutic arsenal for treatment of generalized peritonitis, in combination with systemic treatments.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

[Acute pancreatitis. Superficial capsular necrosis and parenchymatous involvement. 115 cases, 11 resections (author's transl)].

The authors report 115 cases of acute pancreatitis who were either operated on or autopsied and emphasise the severity of the glandular parenchymatous involvement which remains, furthermore, difficult to recognise during manual exploration. Necrosis is sometimes limited to the peripheral interstitial tissue and spares the gland itself (the prognosis is then less serious) and has led many surgeons to resections which did not always seem justified a posteriori. The authors refer to pancreatic decapsulation, described by rumanian authors, and suggest a method of operative diagnosis of the extent of glandular necrosis.

Humans↗