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Biomedical subjects

B Canaud

Publications and source records attributed to B Canaud.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prostacyclin (epoprostenol) as the sole antithrombotic agent in postdilutional hemofiltration.

Prostacyclin (PGI2), the most potent and short-lived antiplatelet agent known today, has been used successfully as an antithrombotic in hemodialysis (HD). However, its vasodilatory effect has been the source of blood pressure instability in acetate HD and has restricted its use to bicarbonate HD. The authors took advantage of the better cardiovascular stability obtained with hemofiltration (HF) to compare the effects of PGI2 versus heparin either with acetate or bicarbonate HF in 4 patients. Efficacy of PGI2 in preventing thrombosis of the extracorporeal circuit was demonstrated in all cases with a dose of 4 ng/kg/min. HF performances remained unaffected whatever antithrombotic agent was used. Platelet activation as shown by BTG and PF4 release was inhibited by the PGI2 infusion. Platelet proteins release was greater with acetate HF, suggesting that acetate may have a specific role in platelet activation. Although the use of PGI2 was straightforward, it is worth noting that PGI2 partially suppressed the cardiostability usually associated with acetate HF. We conclude that the efficacy of PGI2 was well maintained in spite of conditions of high platelet shear stress conditions, but also that PGI2 potentiated the vasodilatory effect of acetate and suppressed partially the cardiovascular benefits of HF.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1987

Hemodiafiltration using dialysate as substitution fluid.

To reduce the cost of hemodiafiltration (HDF), a standard hemodialysis machine was modified to permit in-line production of substitution fluid from bicarbonate dialysate. The authors' present data showing that this procedure was made bacteriologically safe; was simple to use, and offered a cheap approach to perform high-flux HDF using a hemodifilter of relatively small membrane surface area.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1987

[What does circulating beta 2 microglobulin signify in uremic patients on maintenance dialysis?].

The authors report a 2 years prospective study on s beta 2M variations observed in a large uremic population (237 patients, 159 M, 78 F, age: 51.1 +/- 5.9 y.o.). The study consisted in two parts. A long term follow-up of s beta 2M in patients regularly treated with various dialysis modalities; hemodialysis (HD), hemofiltration (HF), hemodiafiltration (HDF), intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). s beta 2M was found elevated in the overall population (41.4 +/- 10.2 mg/l) with a 12.5% variation over time observation in stable patients, not influenced by sex, causal nephropathy, and dialysis mode in anuric patients, beta 2M was inversely correlated with residual diuresis. Residual kidney function preserved longer and in a higher proportion of PD patients was the only significant fact explaining for the difference observed in s beta 2M levels between HD (46 +/- 5) and PD (33 +/- 3) patients. Intercurrent inflammatory and tumoral states increased significantly s beta 2M level in uremic patients. The short term study showed that highly permeable membranes (AN69, polysulphone) used either in HD, HF or HDF were able to decrease s beta 2M from 50 to 60%, and to remove 150 to 200 mg per session, while on the opposite HD/cuprophane increased s beta 2M from 10 to 15%. beta 2M dialysate/plasma equilibrium ratio for peritoneal membrane after a 6 hour dwelling time was 0.20, permitting a net removal of 45 +/- 4 mg/24 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1986

Internal jugular vein cannulation with two silicone rubber catheters: a new and safe temporary vascular access for hemodialysis. Thirty months' experience.

Temporary and immediately usable vascular access is a vital need in treating uremic patients. Subclavian vein cannulation, although a major progress, has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, for the last 2.5 years the authors have been developing an alternative technique consisting of internal jugular vein cannulation (IJVC) with two silicone rubber catheters with a long-term, proved biocompatibility. One hundred sixty-five pairs of cannulas were inserted in 153 patients. Mean duration of use was 57 days (1 day to 17 months). More than 3,000 high-performance hemodialysis sessions were performed. IJVC handling and care were easily managed by nurses. A low incidence of complications was observed: two thrombosis episodes, four skin infections with three septicemia, one air embolism, and one anaphylactoid reaction. No death was related to the technique itself. IJVC offers a new, safe, and reliable temporary vascular access immediately usable for all kinds of extracorporeal treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Internal jugular vein cannulation using 2 silastic catheters. A new, simple and safe long-term vascular access for extracorporeal treatment.

Subclavian vein cannulation, although a major progress in temporary vascular access, was associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. A safer alternative technique would therefore be welcome. For the last 2 years, we developed a new approach consisting in internal jugular vein cannulation (IJVC) with 2 silicone rubber catheters with a long-term proved biocompatibility. 138 pairs of cannulae were inserted in 129 uremics patients. Mean duration of use was 54 days (1 day to 17 months). More than 3,000 high-performance HD sessions were performed. IJVC handling and care was easily managed by nurses. Low incidence of complications was observed: 2 thrombosis episodes, 3 skin infection with 2 septicemiae, 1 air embolism, 1 anaphylactoid reaction. No death was related to the technique itself. IJVC offers a new method of percutaneous central vein cannulation, providing a safe and reliable temporary vascular access immediately usable for all kinds of extracorporeal treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Cannulation of the internal jugular vein with 2 silastic catheters. A new method of vascular access for hemodialysis].

The internal jugular vein cannulation (IJV) using two silastic catheters (CT) is a new vascular access method for temporary and immediate use in hemodialysis. From November 1982 to November 1984, 138 pairs of CT were used in 129 uremic patients for a mean duration of 54 days per patient (1 to 17 months) permitting to carry out more than 3000 dialysis sessions. Five complications were observed: 3 skin exit infections with 2 septicemias cured with antibiotics and CT removal, 2 vascular thrombosis treated with urokinase and anticoagulant; 1 anaphylactoid reaction at the time of insertion. IJV CT offers a convenient alternative to conventional percutaneous vascular access method that can be safely proposed in long term hemodialysis.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1986

[Quantitative evaluation of low-flow rate hemodialysis with sequential use of 2 membranes of differing permeability].

Although the "low flow" dialysis has not gained large clinical experience, recent long term clinical investigation indicate that it can be an interesting alternative in the treatment of uremia. This method permits a reduction in treatment cost without impairing the quality of therapy. The interest of this 12 months cross-over and comparative study with 2 types of dialyzers (H12-10/DISCAP 110) and 2 dialysate flow regiments is twofold: it confirms the lack of morbidity linked to the low flow stage; it gives quantitative data on "dose therapy" changes during the two consecutive stages. The 50% reduction of conventional dialysate flow has a lowering effect of 11 to 18% on urea and creatinine clearances depending on which type of dialyzer used. The use of H12-10 was associated in this case with a more pronounced clearance reduction. The reduction of performances was accompanied by a significant rise in urea and creatinine plasma level without changes in protein catabolic rate while it masks a decrease in creatinine generation rate.

Acrylonitrile↗
PubMed1985

Vascular access for extracorporeal therapy in the rabbit.

A technique allowing short-term blood access for extracorporeal therapy in rabbits is described. The technique utilizes silicone rubber cannulae and teflon vessel tips to construct an externalized carotid-jugular arteriovenous shunt. The insertion procedure takes 1 h and extracorporeal blood flows in excess of 10 ml/min are obtainable for up to 7 days. Blood flow may still be obtained following shunt clotting by insertion of smaller diameter catheters through the arterial cannula. This technique has been successfully used for extracorporeal therapy in rabbit disease models.

Animals↗