Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Brown.
In an experiment using ten subjects, marijuana produced a dose-related constriction of the pupil at low photopic light levels; alcohol produced no effect on pupil size. The two drugs in combination produced no change in pupil size.
The excretion levels of urinary amino acids obtained from acid hydrolysates were studied by gas chromatographic analysis in 29 normal individuals and 118 patients with bladder carcinoma. Leucine and isoleucine excretion were elevated in patients with bladder carcinoma as compared with normal subjects under the same experimental condition. Mathematical computer-assisted programs developed to aid in determining clusters of amino acid variables suggested that excretion of glycine, leucine, proline, and glutamic acid in men and concentrations of valine, serine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and lysine in women vary according to the invasiveness of the disease. These findings suggest that measurements of urinary amino acids may provide a useful parameter for the detection and aid in the staging of bladder carcinoma.
A simple, stable, and relatively calibration-free eye movement recording system for clinical application is described. This limbal sensing device makes use of a standard trial-lens clip that can be attached to the patient's spectacles, allowing easy and quick addition of lens or prism power. Horizontal eye movements or positions can be recorded with an accuracy of better than 1 degree over a 50-degree range; the linear range of the device is approximately 30 degrees.
An ip injection of a Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase preparation into rats and mice given a single lethal dose of methotrexate (MTX) caused a marked lowering of free MTX in the blood. Alternatives to citrovorum factor as agents for reversing MTX toxicity were explored in mice. dl, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, dl,L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, l,L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, and dihydrofolate were also effective MTX antagonists; d,L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate was inert.
Prostaglandin E (PGE2) was administered orally for induction of labor to 100 patients. Active labor and progression occurred in 92 per cent of these cases. The dosage regimen used was 0.5 to 1.5 mg. hourly. Amniotomy was performed in most cases once active labor and progression were noted. There were 83 vaginal deliveries and 12 cesarean sections. There were eight failure of induction, one patient left the study, and one was not delivered at that admission. Fetal distress occurred in 10 patients but this was related to cord and placental problems and not to PGE2 per se. Side effects were minimal, the most prominent being nausea and vomiting. Total labor in hours compares to normal labor. Over-all, labor in primigravidas averaged 10.15 hours and 6.5 hours in multiparas. There was a direct relationship of the Bishop score to the start of active labor and progression. PGE2 appears safe and efficacious for inductions of labor at terms.
Annual exfoliative cytologic examination is recommended by many physicians and by the American Cancer Society. A method to appraise the costs and the value of this service in comparison with competing health care measures has been developed. Further research is needed to develop the most cost-effective method.
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Experienced alcohol and marijuana users were instructed to track with their eyes a small spot that moved horizontally back and forth in pendular (sinusoidal) motion across a 7.5-degree field. The frequency of spot oscillation was gradually increased from 0.5 to 3.0 Hz in 40 sec. Eye movement recordings showed the frequency at which smooth tracking and, soon thereafter, saccadic tracking broke down. These smooth and saccadic cutoff frequencies were reduced after administration of alcohol, but not after marijuana or placebo. For low alcohol doses, smooth tracking was impaired and saccadic tracking was unaffected, much like an effect previously reported for barbiturates. Alcohol seems to affect smooth tracking by increasing the central processing time required to generate the appropriate eye movement. It affects saccadic tracking by slightly decreasing saccadic velocity and to a greater extent by increasing latency time, part of which may be devoted to central processing. The site of action of alcohol appears to be central to both the paramedian pontine reticular formation and the flocculus of the cerebellum.
Adriamycin was paired with 12 other chemotherapeutic drugs in a search for possible synergistic pairs. Cell lethality was investigated by the colony-formation method utilizing a long-term human lymphoma cell line. Addative effects were noted with CCNU, ara-C, prednisolone, DDP, VP-16, and Yoshi, and mild synergistic effects with BLEO and CS. Adriamycin reduced the killing ability of BCNU and MeCCNU when applied simultaneously. This antagonistic effect was canceled by sequential incubation with each drug. It appears that no significant synergism can be expected by simultaneous pairing of adriamycin with some currently available chemotherapeutic agents.
In this survey the aim was to investigate the relationship between the socioeconomic status of young women of child bearing age and their daily intake of calcium and other selected nutrients. Although no significant relationship was found there were other findings of nutritional interest. Further support is given to the theory that young women are a vulnerable group with respect to nutrition.
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The role of the mathematical model is to express the biological theory in the form of a set of numerical predictions which can be reconciled with data. We have fitted the model implicit in current theory, and the predictions from that do not fit the observed facts. Either the theory or the observed facts (or both) are wrong. If the facts are right, then our final model (Model II) points to the changes in the theoretical concept which are necessary. Increasing conversion from carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma with age must be accepted and explained. The fall in prevalence of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ before the major onset of invasive cancer must be fully appreciated and explained. The regression of carcinoma in situ to dysplasia or normal in large numbers must be accepted and explained either biologically or by error in categorization, or both.
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Static visual acuity was measured at two contrast levels (12 and 49%) in ten subjects in a double blind experiment involving five drug conditions of alcohol and marijuana (0.5 ml and 1.0 ml/kg body weight of 95% ethanol, 8 and 15 mg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and a placebo). We found no statistically significant change in static visual acuity for any of the dose levels at any of the measurement time up to six hours following drug ingestion; this is sharply contrasted with the marked decrements in acuity which were found in the same subjects under the same drug conditions when the targets were in motion and required corrdinated eye movements for their resolution.
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