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Biomedical subjects

B Brinkmann

Publications and source records attributed to B Brinkmann.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Histologic studies of lymphatic tissue in sudden infant death].

The lymphatic tissues (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus) were examined in 79 children who had died between the ages of one week and two years old. 59 of these children could be categorized as Sudden Infant Death because of their history and postmortem findings. In the remaining 20 cases a definite cause of death could be established. The demonstrated morphological reaction patterns which have different functional significances were differentiated and examined in detail. These revealed a substantial increase in indications of the occurrence of an acute infection in the infant organism in cases of Sudden Infant Death when compared to the control cases. A defect in the immunesystem could not be demonstrated by classical histomorphological methods.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1989

[Immunochemical and chromatographic determination of ABH antigens in compact bone tissue].

The identification of ABH antigens from compact bone tissue is known from many sources. The purpose of this study was to make a contribution to the localization of blood-group-active substances in compact bone tissue. A variety of preparation and identification methods were successfully used and compared. Samples were extracted from compact bone tissue, separated by HPTLC, and examined using the absorption-elution and PAP techniques. Additionally, the PAP technique was carried out on cryostat sections. Serologically active blood-group substances were consistently demonstrated in the organic components of the haversian canals.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

Orosomucoid (ORM) typing by isoelectric focusing: description of two new alleles in a German population and thermostability in bloodstains.

The genetic polymorphism of serum orosomucoid (ORM) was studied in 168 unrelated German individuals using isoelectric focusing followed by immunoprinting. Two new alleles, tentatively designated ORM1*14 and ORM2*13, were identified. The method was successfully applied to demonstrate ORM1 types in dried bloodstains. Each type of ORM1 was also correctly determined in bloodstains heated at 130 degrees C for 30 min. The results indicated that ORM1 is a new powerful genetic marker system for the grouping of bloodstains.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

[Forensic medicine and toxicologic aspects of 2-propanol poisoning].

Two cases of poisoning with 2-propanol (isopropylalcohol) are reported. In one case, nail polish remover was drunk by a 2-year-old child. The concentration of 2-propanol and its metabolite acetone in the blood could be observed over a period of approximately 50 h. The highest concentration of 2-propanol determined was 4.22 g/l. Acetone reached a maximum value of 2.27 g/l 12 h after ingestion. The child survived without any observable after-effects. In the second case, a 35-year-old man drank ethanol in addition to 2-propanol. The poisoning was lethal. The possible time of intake before death is discussed in relation to the estimated levels of ethanol, 2-propanol and acetone found in the blood and urine. The histomorphological findings are often important as well with regard to time of intake.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1989

[Immunohistochemical antigen detection in dried tissue samples].

Investigations were carried out on dried tissue samples for the identification of ABH antigens and human hemoglobin using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique (PAP). Samples from various organs were stored at room temperature over a period of 1 year and periodically examined immunohistochemically. By means of a rehydration medium, blood group and species identification were successfully demonstrated in the complete experimental series.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

ABO blood grouping of hairs using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique.

Fifty-nine hair specimens obtained from human autopsies and volunteers were used for the determination of ABO blood group substances using the ABC (Avidin-Biotin Complex) technique. Positive staining for A, B and H blood group substances was detected only in the medulla of the hairs. Blood group antigens could not be detected in seven hair specimens because they possessed no medulla. Forty-seven specimens obtained from fresh cadavers and volunteers gave the correct results corresponding to the blood group of the donor, but some specimens from individuals of blood group A2, Le(a + b-) showed weak reaction with anti-A and strong reaction with anti-H. The staining intensity with anti-B and -H in some individuals of blood group AB was stronger than with anti-A serum. Five hair specimens obtained from decomposed bodies were also examined. The blood group antigens could be specifically detected in hairs obtained from two exhumed and one putrid body, but no positive reactions were obtained from two cases of drowning where the bodies had been in the sea for about 6 months. In a blind trial, hair specimens from 28 individuals were also examined. Twenty-two specimens which possessed a medulla gave the correct result. Six specimens gave no result because they possessed no medulla.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

Light-microscopic examination of ABH and Lewis antigens in human tracheal and epiglottic glands using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique.

The localization of ABH and Lewis antigens was examined in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tracheal and epiglottic glands using monoclonal anti A, B, H, Lea and Leb antibodies. The mucous cells of the glands showed reactivity with antibodies corresponding to the respective ABO blood groups of the tissue donors. The mucous cells from one blood group A, Le(a-b-) individual showed no reactivity with any antibodies and those from another blood group A, Le(a-b-) individual showed reactivity only with anti A antibody. In individuals from blood group Le(a + b-) of all ABO groups, the mucous cells reacted exclusively with anti Lea. In blood group O, Le(a-b+) individuals, the mucous cells showed intense reaction with anti H and Leb antibodies and weak to moderate reactivity with anti Lea. In Le(a-b+) individuals of A1, B and A1B blood groups, the mucous cells showed strong reactivity with anti A and/or B antibodies, moderate with anti Leb, weak or no activity with anti Lea and absent with anti H. In blood group A2 Le(a-b+) individuals, the mucous cells stained with anti A were weakly stained or completely unstained with anti H antibody, but cells negative with anti A gave strong positive reactions with anti H antibody.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of glycosphingolipids of ABH and Le antigens on thin-layer plates using the PAP method].

Stroma from hemolyzed erythrocytes of blood groups 0, A1, B and A1B were obtained and subjected to butanol/phosphate buffer extraction. This extract was separated using HPTLC, and the ABH and Le substances were detected on the chromatogram using the PAP technique. The staining of the bands allowed specific demonstration of the serologically active glycosphingolipids present in the ABH and Le blood group substances. The antigens of the AB0 system showed a 3- to 12-band pattern. Each of the antigens Lea and Leb presented 3 bands. The slight differences in the levels of glycosphingolipids of equal chain lengths are probably due to differences in their chemical structures.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Analysis of erythrocytic carrier molecules (glycosphingolipids) with ABO and Le specificity].

Membrane structures (stroma) were obtained from erythrocytes of various ABO and Le blood groups using a butanol/phosphate buffer extraction. The extracts were separated using thin layer chromatography and the ABO and Le antigens demonstrated directly on the chromatogram using the PAP-technique. Detection was carried out using either Ulex europaeus lectin or monoclonal antibodies. By this method the direct staining of the bands allowed a specific demonstration of the ABH and Leactive glycosphingolipids. A determination of the number of sugar residues is possible as well as the recognition of quantitative variants.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of unusual band patterns in immunochemophoresis].

The occurrence of unusual band patterns in the protein systems Gc, F XIII B and PLG is described. During the routine investigation of these systems in paternity, identity and criminal cases, several examples of alterations or additions to the normal band patterns have been observed. This was particularly noticeable in post mortem samples, stored liquid blood samples and blood stains. A connection between alterations in the form due to charge changes and changes to the isoelectric point from ageing of blood samples is demonstrated.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1989

[Visualization of forensically important foreign bodies by direct roentgen magnification].

The detection of foreign bodies of microscopic dimensions with radiographic techniques is limited by the size and density of the particle and the radiographic resolution. These restrictions can be of decisive value in case work. The high grade direct radiographic magnification technique was successfully used in preceding experiments. Due to its 1 mu focal spot, this tube allows direct magnifications up to 250 times. In present studies, the advantages as well as the limitations of this new technique are demonstrated for some aspects of forensic medicine, like sharp and blunt violence and bullet wounds.

Foreign Bodies↗
PubMed1988

Evidence for contrasuppression in patients with Crohn's disease.

Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have elevated numbers of Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA) binding cells in the peripheral blood. These cells represent a major subset of activated peripheral T cells. VVA binding T lymphocytes express either the T8 or the T4 determinant on their cell surface. In contrast in normal controls only a minor subset of peripheral T cell expresses binding sites for VVA. The majority of these cells coexpress T8. VVA binding T cells display no helper activity. Only in a subfraction of patients with CD and not in normal controls these cells mediate contrasuppressor activity for Ig and in particular for IgA. This subgroup of patients is characterized by the lack of extramucosal manifestations. It has now been shown that VVA binding T cells in their majority do not possess phenotypic features of helper inducer cells. This further supports the hypothesis of their involvement in contrasuppression. Moreover it was shown that IgA produced in the presence of VVA binding T cells is IgA1 and IgA2 (ratio 2:1) which are both modulated by VVA binding T cells.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1988

[Expert opinion on biologic stains. Determination of status, future trends].

In this paper an attempt is made to critically review the literature, with special emphasis on bloodstain analysis. One essential aim is the integration of this field into casework. Three basic components in skillful assessment of stains are described: (1) analysis of stain morphology, (2) discriminating and attributing analyses, (3) individualization. Regarding the first, the analysis of stain morphology is based upon the extensive experimental literature published since 1895--mainly in continental Europe. Since 1971 there have also been publications in the American literature. The large family of stain forms and their dependency on multiple variables are described, especially regarding the modes of formation, the energy of impact, and the physical properties of the substrate. The essential elements for reconstruction of the crime are described. The areas of application are arranged in case groups. Since in case work the stain pattern is complicated by many artifacts and overlaps, forensic pathologists are considered the ideal experts for the analysis of bloodstain patterns, as they have a profound knowledge of the type and sequence of injuries. If this is not the case, the forensic pathologist should at least be integrated into the investigating team. In practical application, the stain form is not always adequately analysed. The education and training of pathologists should be improved to achieve this standard. Analysis of the stain morphology and a subsequent selection of stains are also essential prerequisites for meaningful further investigations. By the use of discriminating and attributing analyses, one can as a rule arrive at a definite answer by using only one test. This is true for basic questions such as the identification of blood type, as well as proof of exclusion. One can distinguish between traditional methods, the new field of immunochemistry and rarely used methods. Immunochemistry has permitted success in recent years in determination of the blood group from hair. It is recommended that reference laboratories be established for training in these rare methods. Individualization analyses are subdivided into two large fields: non-DNA individualization and DNA individualization. It is postulated that in the future stain laboratory both areas will coexist. In non-DNA individualization, essential progress has been made. The detection of protein polymorphisms by blotting and subsequent visualization by antibody-linked enzyme/substrate reactions has led to a considerable increase in sensitivity and specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Blood Stains↗
PubMed1987

A comparative study of immuno-blotting techniques for the detection of Gc-subtypes after isoelectric focusing on agarose and polyacrylamide gels.

A comparison of separation and detection techniques has been carried out to determine the most suitable combination for use in Gc-subtyping. The best results (i.e., high sensitivity, distinct bands, especially with reference to the 1S and 1F separation) were achieved using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel (pH 4.5-5.4) followed by transfer to nitrocellulose membrane by electroblotting and finally detection with enzyme-linked antibody complex.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1986

Cytochemical detection of ABH antigens in human body fluids.

The use of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique has been described previously for the detection of cellular antigens and in particular ABO antigens from tissue samples (Pedal and Hülle 1984; Pedal and Baedeker 1985; Pedal et al. 1985). In this survey, the PAP method has been employed to study the detection of ABO antigens in cells from body fluids of particular interest to forensic science, namely buccal cells and vaginal cells. Also tested, but in a limited number, were mixtures of body fluids and semen samples. No false reactions were obtained from buccal cells, all samples corresponding to the ABO blood type of the donor. Preliminary results from vaginal cells, vaginal/buccal cell mixtures, and semen were encouraging but must be treated with caution due to the limited number tested. Vaginal smears contaminated with semen showed varying degrees of nonspecificity.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

[Biochemical measurements of glucose metabolism in relation to cause of death and postmortem effects].

This study was performed to examine the relationship between postmortem biochemical values and cause of death. The follow samples were taken from 399 corpses: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; n = 376, suboccipital), blood (n = 158, femoral vein), and urine (n = 101, at autopsy). (See Table 1 for causes of death) All samples were stored at -80 degrees C. A further 100 samples of blood were later taken and stored at +4 degrees C before testing. Biochemical determinations made were: glucose in CSF, blood, and urine (hexokinase method); lactate (LDH/GPT) and free acetone (HS-gas chromatography) in CSF; hemoglobin A1 in blood (microcolumn technique). In 34 cases fatal diabetic coma was considered verified by morphological and chemical findings. One hundred cases of sudden cardiac death were chosen as the main control group. In 32 of the 34 cases defined above, the value of the formula of Traub (glucose + lactate in CSF) exceeded 415 mg/dl. It is not influenced significantly by hyperglycemia or hyperlactatemia due to factors other than diabetes (i.e., carbon monoxide, asphyxia). After death the value rose till the 30th hpm, then remained stable for at least 1 week. Fatal coma was defined as the ketoacidotic form if free acetone in CSF ranged above 21 mg/l. In these cases, CSF glucose and free acetone correlated positively. Hemoglobin A1 remained stable after death. Its amount was independent from postmortem blood glucose, postmortem interval and total hemoglobin. Furthermore, the manner of storage (-80 degrees or +4 degrees C) had no significant influence on its values. In 29 of 34 cases of fatal coma, Hb A1 exceeded 12.1%. Analysis of urine glucose showed elevated levels (over 500 mg/dl) in diabetic comas. On conclusion, fatal diabetic coma seems indicated as the cause of death if measured values of postmortem biochemistry exceed the following limits: CSF-Traub 415 mg/dl, free acetone (CSF) 21 mg/l; Hb A1 12.1%; urine glucose 500 mg/dl. Most important are the Traub formula and hemoglobin A1. Usually, in fatal coma both values are elevated. If both of them are normal, diabetic coma can nearly be excluded. Combined evaluation of all values is absolutely necessary. Morphology must also always be taken into account. Consequently, a diagnosis of fatal coma can be obtained by a process of elimination.

Acetone↗