Biomedical subjects

B Brinkmann

Publications and source records attributed to B Brinkmann.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Population and family data of RFLP's using selected single- and multi-locus systems.

The multi-locus systems (MLS) 33.15 and 33.6 (Jeffreys et al 1985a) and the single-locus systems (SLS) MS 1, MS 8, MS 31 and MS 43 (Wong et al. 1987) were investigated. The number of bands and the rate of band sharing were determined for both multi-locus systems and compared to the results of an English survey. Additionally 73 families were investigated using the multi-locus probes and the results compared to those obtained for the traditional blood grouping systems. The results were in full agreement so that no evidence of new mutations could be found. The fragment distribution was calculated for each of the 4 single-locus systems and compared to the values reported in an English survey (Smith et al. 1990b). Distinct discrepancies were seen in the systems MS 1 and MS 8. Family analyses were carried out for the 4 single-locus systems and compared to English data (Jeffreys et al. 1988) to look for any indications of possible new mutations. Only one isolated exclusion could be demonstrated with MS 1.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed1991

Diethylene glycol (DEG)-associated myocardial changes: a pilot investigation of chronic intoxication in guinea-pigs.

The myocardium of guinea pigs fed on sublethal doses of diethylene glycol (DEG) over a period of 2-11 days was examined for microscopical and ultrastructural changes. Coagulative myocytolysis and loss of myofibrils, not observed in the controls, was patchily distributed throughout the myocardium. The accompanying ultrastructural features included swelling, pleomorphism and hyperplasia of mitochondria with an associated distension of the interfibrillary spaces and a displacement, distortion and rupture of adjacent myofibrils.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1991

Paternity testing--quo vadis?

The basis and efficiency of paternity testing using conventional markers (alloantigens or electrophoretically defined polymorphisms in blood) for individuals involved in cases of affiliation are shown. A possible use of DNA polymorphisms in paternity cases is discussed. Due to the fact that the formal genetics of DNA polymorphisms have not been fully validated by the analysis of large numbers of informative meioses, it is not yet possible to include these systems in routine paternity testing. As the vast majority of cases can be resolved by conventional markers, the inclusion of DNA polymorphisms is not usually necessary; in some cases, however, they can provide additional information.

DNA Fingerprinting↗

PubMed1991

[Direct radiographic magnification in forensic medicine].

The aims in medico-legal investigation of wounds are description of the wound morphology, the characterization of force applied and the identification of the weapon used. The detection of foreign bodies (paint fragments, glass particles, sand or gravel particles, rust particles and powder residues) in or around the wound can be of great value. The suitability of X-ray magnification for the detection of such foreign bodies was investigated in the present study. Other possible applications of this method in forensic practice are discussed.

Foreign Bodies↗

PubMed1990

[Ultrastructural pathology of mechanical skeletal muscle damage].

In continuation of previous light microscope investigations the question has been raised whether the criteria determined for vital muscle damage using light microscopy, could be verified and perhaps extended for the ultrastructural region. In addition to existing human pathological material taken early post mortem, muscle tissue obtained from animal experiments was also examined. The evaluation concentrated on the muscle cells, the cell organelles and the contractile apparatus. An evaluation of semi-thin-sections was carried out in parallel. The following reaction patterns could be defined as vital reactions: hypercontraction bands, zones of rupture in narrow topological relationship to organelle changes, microstructure changes with disintegration of the fibre structure, subsarcolemmic and interfibrillary oedema, decomposition of the sarcolemma. The earliest vital reactions were detectable after only a few minutes survival time. The comparison between the results of animal experiments and human pathology and the application of the results to forensic pathology will be discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Difference in the ability of blood group-specific lectins and monoclonal antibodies to recognize the ABH antigens in human tissues.

Twelve different kinds of blood group-specific lectins have been used along with monoclonal anti-A, -B and -H antibodies for detecting the corresponding antigens in selected human tissues. Although most of the lectins recognized the antigens in the tissue sections examined, they displayed marked differences in their recognition patterns in certain tissues. Helix asparsa agglutinin (HAA), Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) and monoclonal anti-A antibody recognized A antigens in the mucous cells of salivary glands from blood group A or AB nonsecretor as well as secretor individuals, whereas Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-I (GSA-I), Sophora japonica agglutinin (SJA) and Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA) did not bind to them from nonsecretors. A antigens in endothelial cells, lateral membrane of pancreatic acinar cells and small mucouslike cells of submandibular glands from some individuals were likewise recognized by HAA and HPA but not by other blood group A-specific lections. In contrast, both HAA and HPA did not recognize the A antigens in mucous cells of Brunner's glands while other A-specific lectins and monoclonal anti-A antibody reacted specifically with the antigens. Such a difference was not observed with lectins specific for blood group B. However, the B antigens in Brunner's glands were recognized by these lectins but not with monoclonal anti-B antibody. The difference in labelling ability was also noted among the blood group H-specific lectins and monoclonal anti-H antibody in endothelial cells of blood vessels. Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I reacted with these cells irrespective of ABO and the secretor status of the individuals, while Anguilla anguilla agglutinin and monoclonal anti-H antibody reacted only with those cells from blood group O individuals. No reaction was observed with Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin in these tissue sites. These results suggest a great diversity of blood group antigens in different human tissues.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1990

[A1 and A2 blood group substances: are there structural differences?].

Blood group substances were extracted from erythrocytes of blood groups A1 and A2 and separated using HPTLC. Identification of blood group A was carried out on the chromatogramm using the PAP-technique. The specific demonstration of the serologically active glycosphingolipids allowed a comparison of the A1 and A2 blood group substance bands. The difference between the A1 and A2 Substances appears to be only a quantitative one.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1990

[Explanation of nonspecific serologic reactions in decomposed bone tissue].

Bone fragments were stored in water for 2 years at room temperature and investigated serologically using the following methods: Absorption-elution, extraction of blood group substances and immunohistochemistry (PAP). All 3 methods gave essentially specific results for fresh bone tissue but with putrid bone tissue unspecific reactions were found predominantly with the absorption-elution and PAP techniques. In contrast, more specific reactions were obtained from the extracts although they were much weaker. From this it can be concluded that pure physical binding plays a substantial role in the unspecific reaction between antibodies and bone material. It is suggested that the relevant physical properties are altered by putrification.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1990

[Enzyme activity of PGM1 in erythrocytes].

The enzyme activity of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) has been investigated in red cell haemolysates from 142 individuals and compared to the sub-type as determined by isoelectric focusing. The 10 phenotypes showed significant differences in PGM-activity which indicates that there is a correlation between the level of activity and the isolelectric point of homozygotes. No indication of silent alleles or alleles with reduced activity was found in this collective.

Erythrocytes↗

PubMed1990

[Histologic findings in the lung in sudden infant death].

The lungs of 79 children who had died between the ages of 1 week and 2 years old were histologically examined. 59 of these children could be categorized as cases of Sudden Infant Death because of the history and postmortem findings. In the remaining 20 cases a definite cause of death could be established. This is the same collective on which the histological investigations of the lymphatic tissue has been carried out. Morphological changes which are typical for a virus pneumonia were found in a substantially higher frequency in the cases of Sudden Infant Death than in the control cases. The validity of these findings and their possible significance for the cause of death are discussed.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1990

Gc in bloodstains.

Gc-subtyping was carried out on blood stains that had been made on cotton and glass and stored under a variety of conditions ranging from -20 degrees to +56 degrees C. The limits of detection ranged from 2 weeks at 56 degrees C up to 92 weeks at +4 degrees C and greater than 116 weeks at -20 degrees C. Additional bands that have been reported in other studies could not be detected during this study, and this difference is thought to be due to storage of the samples in the liquid state.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗

PubMed1990

Immunochemical demonstration of plasminogen phenotypes using electroblotting.

The polymorphism of plasminogen (PLG) was analysed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels, followed by electroblotting. For analysis, neuraminidase-pretreated sera were used. In a random sample of 500 unrelated individuals from east Westphalia 8 phenotypes were observed. The allele frequencies were: PLG*1 (A), 0.708; PLG*2 (B), 0.274; PLG*3 (A3), 0.013; PLG*V, 0.005. The family data (300 mother-child pairs) confirmed the hypothesis of autosomal codominant inheritance. PLG phenotypes could be determined in 1-year-old bloodstains (cotton and glass) that had been stored at +4 degrees C and -20 degrees C. The PLG phenotypes could clearly be demonstrated in sera diluted 1:4. The phenotype 1 (A) could still be detected in dilutions of 1:6. The theoretical exclusion rate was calculated to be 22.6%.

Blood Stains↗

PubMed1990

[Forensic efficiency of some highly polymorphic single locus systems].

The single locus probes MS 1, MS 8, MS 31 and MS 43 were investigated in combination with the restriction enzyme HINF I. The frequency distribution of fragment sizes detected by the polymorphic probe MS 8 was plotted for individuals from the Münster area and compared with an English survey. Clear discrepancies were found. The heterozygosity for the four systems was calculated and compared to the English figures. Only MS 8 showed a significant difference.

Alleles↗

PubMed1990

[Applicability of the Jeffreys 33.15 and 33.6 multi-locus system].

A sample of 73 families which had been investigated by conventional paternity grouping was in addition subjected to DNA analysis using the multi locus systems 33.15 and 33.6. A comparison with the results of a conventional expert's opinion shows complete accordance. In cases showing exclusions in the conventional systems there were also exclusions by the multi locus systems and in cases without exclusions in the conventional systems no exclusions were found using multi locus probes. New mutations were not observed. In stain cases the resulting band patterns were often partially deficient. The problems in assigning such patterns with those observed in fresh samples are discussed.

Autoradiography↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of various technical parameters on potential danger of an electric injury in the bathtub].

In contrast to common beliefs there is not strict necessity for lethal danger during electric shock in a bathtub. Measurements of the electric field demonstrates the ground conditions and water temperature are of vital importance as are a variety of other parameters. With an electronic amplifier especially designed for this problem measurement of the electric parameters in the water was made possible.

Baths↗

PubMed1990

[Heart current density as the most important biological parameter of electrocution in the bathtub].

The most important factor during electrocution in a bathtub is the amount of current flowing through a body, not the amount of voltage. A method of measurement is introduced which--under simulation of various electrical situations--provides the possibility to measure the current flowing through the heart and to determine it's direction and density in the tissue. Hereby a ranking of the different factors influencing electrocution can be set up.

Baths↗

PubMed1990

[Differentiation between in-life and post-mortem hemorrhage].

The determination of the time of haemorrhaging can be of substantial importance in the forensic practice. Histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric investigations were carried out on haemorrhages from animal experiments and from human pathological samples. Centrifugal topology, serum-erythrocyte discontinuity, topological arrangement of Fibrin formation and stabilisation of Factor XIII A were evaluated as criteria to define antemortal origin of haemorrhages.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1990

[WHO basic classification in forensic medicine].

The internationally used WHO-basic tabulation list of causes of diseases and death is presented in a modified version for forensic medicine. The findings of postmortems are to be indexed with this code and put into a database. We would like to suggest that as many institutes as possible use this code and collaborate to discuss further modifications.

Cause of Death↗