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Biomedical subjects

B Blackwell

Publications and source records attributed to B Blackwell.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sick-role susceptibility. A commentary on the contemporary data base (1989-1991) and classification system.

A brief review of the historical and current status of the 'sick-role' concept is followed by an extensive literature survey of 526 articles published on the sick role since 1989. The commentary discusses measurement and research issues and then examined the areas of enquiry and trends from a biological, psychological, social and cultural perspective. Questions are raised about the significance of the data base from the view-point of classification and treatment. A descriptive and therapeutic model is proposed.

Culture↗
PubMed1992

Compliance.

Compliance is an ancient topic subjected to intense recent scrutiny as a result of scientific and social changes which focus on lifestyle adjustment to chronic illness and emphasize increasing patient involvement in self-care. Difficulties in definition, measurement and research design as well as the complexity of the problems contribute to conflicting findings and a lack of consensus about determinants of compliance. Five conceptual models have been studied but only a few positive and negative factors have been consistently identified, perhaps because outcome is often influenced by subtle attitudes, beliefs and quality of life considerations. Management involves both education and a variety of interventions that range from simple single strategies to complex multimodal approaches in which the patient's role may vary from being a passive participant of professional supervision to complete autonomy and self-care.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1988

Case review and quantity of outpatient care.

Case review for patients belonging to a health maintenance organization was implemented in a hospital-based, multidisciplinary, outpatient clinic after the influx of 28,000 Medicaid enrollees. One-year follow-up of 138 patients with prepaid mental health insurance and 283 patients with fee-for-service mental health insurance revealed an annual mean of 6.1 treatment sessions; 78% completed treatment within eight sessions. The modal treatment was a single visit. Prepaid and fee-for-service patients did not differ in amount of care, although significant differences were found for insurance subgroups. These preliminary results suggest that case review has little effect on quantity of care.

Fees, Medical↗
PubMed1987

The activated patient: dogma, dream, or desideratum?

In this paper we critically review the active patient concept and place it in a broader social and historical context. We argue that as a reflection of core, Western European values, the active patient concept has not been adequately scrutinized. Very little research has been done that explicitly tests the claims that have been advanced on behalf of this ideal model of the clinician-patient relationship. The research that is available is far from definitive and does not support many of the assertions made by advocates of this approach to patienthood. We urge investigators to substitute theory driven research programs for those motivated by advocacy of a particular ideological stance.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Behavioral medicine programs in teaching hospitals.

Behavioral medicine is a relatively new interdisciplinary field which combines biomedical and behavioral science knowledge, and applies them to prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Behavioral medicine programs provide a valuable service to patients with chronic illness, psychosomatic or functional disorders, treatment noncompliance, and behavioral risk factors. Behavioral medicine faculty are also active in teaching and research on patient behavior, interviewing skills, health promotion and counseling, and management of chronic illnesses. However, the survival of behavioral medicine programs in teaching hospitals depends on their economic viability and academic status. Positive action is needed to ensure their continued growth and development.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Don't bet on it.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Role adoption in residency training.

Two hundred residents in training in Wisconsin during 1982 responded to a survey that assessed attitudes, stressors, and coping strategies in each of three areas: work environment, role adoption, and personal life. Results indicate that successful role adoption (making difficult decisions, displaying leadership, dealing with uncertainty, being personally responsible for patients' care) is the primary task of residency, balanced by increasing stress in maintaining social support systems in family and peer groups. Coping strategies are directed at promoting role adoption and preserving personal ties. Work factors that accentuate the tension between these two aspects create the most distress. The degree to which role adoption is accomplished, the stress imposed, and coping strategies employed differed significantly with gender, specialty, and program type.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Chronic pain management.

In the past ten years developments in social psychology, neurochemistry, learning theory, and psychophysiology have expanded the concept of chronic pain into a biopsychosocial model, in which pain is viewed as a form of abnormal illness behavior influenced by a wide range of biological, social, and psychological factors. Using the literature on chronic pain, the authors discuss the evolution of the chronic pain concept into the multidisciplinary multimodal approach used by pain clinics today, and the factors identified in the literature that influence a patient's perception of pain. Finally, based on their experiences in setting up a pain clinic and on the literature on leading pain management programs, they discuss in detail the evaluation, treatment, and management strategies of a comprehensive chronic pain management program.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1984

Drug interactions in psychopharmacology.

The mechanisms underlying psychotropic drug interactions include alterations in gastrointestinal absorption, protein-binding, specific and nonspecific metabolic degradation, receptor interactions, and renal clearance. The risk of interactions can be minimized by detailed drug history-taking, use of rapid reference sources, patient education, and physician behaviors that include serious attention to somatic complaints, identification of "at risk" situations, and rational prescribing habits.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1983

Benzodiazepine use and the biopsychosocial model.

Longstanding concern about possible misuse of the physician's unique prerogative to prescribe sedative drugs that control behavior has been accentuated by the increasing use of benzodiazepines since 1960. The appropriateness of their use in solving psychosocial predicaments is increasingly questioned because their availability has coincided with social movements toward personal autonomy and scientific doubts about the adequacy of a biomedical model in health care. Recent information about patients, physicians' prescribing habits, and drugs leads to an exploration of the existing alternatives. Adoption of a biopsychosocial model could result in lowered drug use with increased levels of public and professional satisfaction.

Anxiety Disorders↗