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Biomedical subjects

B Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to B Bauer.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The residual effect of deltamethrin Spot On when tested against Glossina palpalis gambiensis under fly chamber conditions.

Groups of single zebu cattle were exposed to infestations of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis gambiensis in fly chambers following treatment with a pour on formulation of deltamethrin, Coopers* Spot On. During the experiment one animal was maintained in a stall, the other exposed at intervals to sunlight. Both mortality and knockdown of exposed flies was demonstrated. Mortality rates of greater than 90% were recorded during the period 0-20 days after treatment and values in excess of 50% during the period, 41-59 days after treatment. Knockdown was more marked with rates in excess of 90% and 65% being recorded for respectively 45 and 75 days after treatment. Exposure to sunlight did not significantly effect the performance of Spot On. Flies were observed to repeatedly land on the deltamethrin treated cattle, so contributing to the overall pick-up of effective concentrations of the chemical. It was considered that this effect of the chemical could considerably reduce the risk of transmission of trypanosomosis from the start of a tsetse campaign.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

Simultaneous control of ticks and tsetse flies in Satiri, Burkina Faso, by the use of flumethrin pour on for cattle.

Treatments of 2000 cattle at monthly intervals with flumethrin pour on (1 mg active ingredient/kg b.w.) resulted in a rapid decrease of African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT). After an initial curative treatment of the sentinel herd with diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg b.w.) only positive cases were treated. Three applications of flumethrin were sufficient to reduce the prevalence of AAT to below 5%. Apart from a slight increase at the end of the first year the infection rate varied between 0 and 5%. A tsetse population disappeared from a heavily infested habitat after six treatments. The average tick infestation was 3-10 times lower than in a control site inspite of the repeated use of another acaricide. Between 3282 and 8624 animals were treated five times in the second year at intervals of about two months. 130 monoconical insecticide impregnated traps were deployed in habitats which were inaccessible for the cattle. The highest infection rate of the sentinel herd was 1.4%. Among another 150 eartagged cattle scattered over a district of about 1000 m2 the prevalence of AAT dropped to 4.8% at the end of the second year. Emphasis is put on an active and financial participation of the rural communities to ensure a viable campaign and good prospects of a taking over by local organizations once the external interventions have stopped.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Effects of endothelin-1 in the isolated heart in ischemia/reperfusion and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.

The effects of the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 were examined in the isolated heart during hypoxia, reoxygenation and reperfusion. Isovolumic rat hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at constant pressure. Cumulative dose-response curves were obtained for endothelin-1 boluses of 0.04 to 400 pmol in five groups of hearts. Coronary flow declined with increasing dosages and was almost abolished at 400 pmol in control hearts. In hearts subjected to mild hypoxia (perfusate PO2 approximately 150 mmHg), the constrictor effect of endothelin-1 was attenuated at moderate dose compared to control hearts (4 vs. 16% flow reduction at 40 pmol; P less than 0.05). The constrictor effect was unaltered in hearts subjected to either 60 min of severe hypoxia (PO2 approximately 35 mmHg) followed by reoxygenation or to 10 min of total ischemia followed by reperfusion (stunning). When hearts were reperfused following 30 min of total ischemia (irreversible injury), the constrictor response to endothelin-1 was potentiated compared to control (e.g. 36 vs. 16% flow reduction at 40 pmol; P less than 0.05). We conclude that endothelin-1 is a potent coronary constrictor in hypoxic, reoxygenated and reperfused heart. The constrictor effect is attenuated during hypoxia, most likely due to the presence of counteracting vasodilator metabolites. During reperfusion, the constrictor effect is unchanged in stunned myocardium, but is augmented in irreversibly injured heart, due to either increased endothelin-1 binding sites or loss of counteracting vasodilator mechanisms such as prostaglandins and/or endothelium-derived relaxing factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of mediators on coronary circulation.

A number of vasoactive mediators have been identified in plasma and in the heart. Some of them may be liberated in inflammatory heart disease. The action of mediators on coronary vasculature in various animal models and their potential role in inflammatory heart disease is reviewed. Their role in patients remains to be determined.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

AIDS and needlestick.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy and safety of ramipril in combination with hydrochlorothiazide: results of a long-term study.

Hypertensive patients from a double-blind study comparing 5 mg of ramipril, 10 mg of ramipril, and 5 mg of ramipril + 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) were enrolled in an open 1-year extension study with ramipril and concomitant HCTZ. The starting dose of ramipril was 5 mg/day. Patients were given 25 mg of HCTZ in addition only if their diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was higher than 90 mm Hg. During treatment, the investigator was permitted to adjust the dosage of ramipril and HCTZ according to BP response and tolerance. A total of 159 patients were included in the 1-year study (86 men, 73 women, mean age of 54 years). One hundred twenty-one of the 159 patients received the combination of ramipril + HCTZ at some point in the study, 83 of them for more than 50 weeks. Thirty-eight patients were treated with ramipril alone over the entire study. In patients treated with ramipril monotherapy throughout the study, the largest drop in blood pressure occurred before visit 1. In patients treated with ramipril + HCTZ for greater than or equal to 50 weeks, the mean blood pressure continued to fall up to around week 10, while the therapy was being adjusted. Subsequently, the mean blood pressures remained low and fairly stable in both treatment groups. Similar results were seen in patients treated with the combination for less than 50 weeks. Adverse events were reported in 11 of the 38 patients in the ramipril group, in 22 of 83 patients treated with the combination for more than 50 weeks, and in 9 of 38 patients treated with the combination for 50 weeks or less. The analysis of the laboratory values revealed no general deterioration. It can be concluded that ramipril alone and in combination with HCTZ is an effective and safe drug for the long-term treatment of essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Possibilities of ACE inhibitor therapy in acute myocardial ischemia].

Acute myocardial ischemia results from an increased cardiac workload in presence of a critical coronary stenosis (demand ischemia), coronary occlusion (supply ischemia) or a combination of both. It is complicated by cardiac arrhythmias and deterioration of function of ischemic myocardium and results in an increased load and dilatation of non-ischemic myocardium. Cardiac protection in acute myocardial ischemia can be related to preservation of coronary blood flow, function of ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. In control animals and humans, ACE-inhibitors have no major effect on coronary blood flow. Myocardial ischemia raises plasma-renin-activity, angiotensin I-conversion by passage through coronary circulation, and plasma-angiotensin-II-concentrations. ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin-II-receptor blockers increase coronary blood flow during myocardial ischemia. Other mechanisms (bradykinin potentiation) may be involved. We found a potentiation of the coronary dilatory effect of the neuropeptide neurotensin (which is probably mediated by prostaglandins) by ACE-inhibitor. ACE-inhibitor may delay infarct development in animal experiments and improve function of ischemic myocardium. The importance of early dilatation of non-ischemic myocardium is unknown and it is unclear whether it may be prevented by an ACE-inhibitor as was shown for late dilatation. Studies on the effect of ACE-inhibitors in exercise-induced angina pectoris are controversial. An antiischemic and coronary dilatory effect has been shown by invasive studies in patients. A preliminary study in unstable angina pectoris was positive. Beneficial hemodynamic and antiarrhythmic effects (as well as excessive hypotension, however) have been shown in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1991

Preliminary vascular control for renal trauma.

Preliminary control of the renal vascular pedicle prior to opening Gerota's fascia is advocated as the standard approach for decreasing the rate of nephrectomy from trauma. This method, however, has not been studied widely. Previous reports failed to grade the severity of the renal injury and involved small patient series and historic control for comparison of nephrectomy rates. We studied 297 patients with renal trauma during a ten year period. Sixty-three of 75 patients with penetrating injuries and 12 of 222 patients with blunt injuries underwent renal exploration. We obtained vascular control prior to opening Gerota's fascia in 32 patients; it was obtained in 43 patients after opening Gerota's fascia. The nephrectomy rate depended on the degree of injury rather than on the type of renal vascular control obtained. Obtaining vascular control after opening Gerota's fascia did not increase the nephrectomy rate and shortened operative time by an average of 58 minutes. We recommend vascular control after opening Gerota's fascia when there is a large hematoma crossing the midline, a rapidly expanding renal hematoma, if the patient is unstable, or if Gerota's fascia has already been opened by the injury.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

Coronary arteriolar vasoconstriction in myocardial ischaemia. Vasopressin, renin-angiotensin system and ANF.

Vasopressin, the renin-angiotensin system and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) interact in regulating blood pressure. While the vasoconstrictor effect of vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin system is well documented, the direct vascular effect of ANF is unclear. We studied in anaesthetized dogs the coronary vascular effects of agonists and antagonists of vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin system under control and ischaemic conditions, respectively. In addition, the action of ANF and its relationship to the renin-angiotensin system was analysed. A coronary artery was cannulated and perfused by a bypass system from the femoral arteries of the same animal. Coronary vasoconstriction by vasopressin was potentiated when myocardial ischaemia was induced by lowering coronary perfusion pressure while coronary constriction by angiotension I and II was mitigated. A vasopressin receptor blocker slightly reduced coronary blood flow at high doses (intrinsic activity) while the angiotensin II receptor blocker increased coronary flow in myocardial ischaemia. ANF effects were ambiguous at lower doses (1 ng (kg)-1 i.c.) with coronary constriction in 79% of dogs. At higher doses (1 microgram kg-1) ANF consistently induced coronary dilation. The angiotensin II receptor blocker saralasin significantly reduced this coronary dilator effect of ANF. Thus, in conclusion, a vasoconstrictor effect of endogenous vasopressin could not be shown by this study. In contrast, endogenous angiotensin II might participate in control of coronary blood flow during myocardial ischaemia. The coronary dilator effect of ANF at least in part appears to be due to interference with the renin-angiotensin system.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1990

[Results of combined treatment of malignant brain tumors with various cytostatic protocols].

Nowadays best results in the treatment of malignant brain tumors can be obtained with an interdisciplinary combined treatment (operation, radiation, antineoplastic chemotherapy). We treated 83 patients with gliomas after operation with a combined radiation/chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was performed by two different schemas (Israel n = 49, COMP n = 34). Both groups had the same structure concerning the 10 most important prognostic factors. The median survival time was found to be 26.1 months in the Israel-group and 22.8 months respectively in the COMP-group. The number of the long-time survivors is increasing in the COMP-group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Psychosocial management of glioma patients treated with combined therapy].

Based on an empirical study it is pointed out that psychosocial care of patients with glioma differs in some points from that of other cancer patients. The first essential difference is that the emotional involvement of the care staff is not as intensive as those of other cancer patients. Other differences concern some illness- and therapy related effects such as family problems or monotony problems resulting from the longterm therapy. These specific problems are described in detail.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

An open multicenter study to assess the long-term efficacy, tolerance, and safety of the oral angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Three hundred thirty-one patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, 182 males and 149 females with a mean age of 54 (range, 17-87 years), were studied for 1 year in a clinical trial with ramipril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The patients included had completed double-blind trials with ramipril vs. captopril, HCT, atenolol and ramipril plus piretanide. All cases were treated first with 5 mg ramipril and, where appropriate, also with 25 mg HCT. Adjustment of the dose in the range 1.25-20 mg ramipril was left to the investigator. Overall, a consistent reduction in blood pressure was achieved. Only small changes in mean blood pressure were noted during the 12 months (mean diastolic blood pressure 84.3-86.9 mm Hg, mean systolic blood pressure 145.6-148.2 mm Hg). Two hundred sixty-two (82%) of the 331 patients had diastolic values consistently equal to or lower than 95 mm Hg. There was a downward shift in the dosages upon which the investigators finally settled during the 12-month period in the patients receiving ramipril monotherapy. In patients also receiving HCT the initial dose was increased in most cases. Adverse events were observed in 6.7% of patients taking ramipril alone. The most frequent symptoms were dizziness, asthenia, pain in the upper abdomen and headache. Adverse effects occurred more frequently under continuous additional treatment with HCT, the same symptoms being reported. The clinical trial was prematurely terminated in six patients, in only two cases for medical reasons. The analysis of the laboratory findings revealed no general deterioration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A significant feature of Nager's syndrome: palatal agenesis.

Nager's syndrome, which has the facial features of Treacher Collins syndrome, preaxial upper limb defects, short stature, and frequently subnormal intelligence, is very rare. Five new cases have been collected. In four, there was virtually total absence of the soft palate. This has been described in two patients in the past. Differing methods of correcting this are presented.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Bioavailability of a new liquid formulation of penicillin V (Isocillin syrup) and the influence of ethanol on bioavailability of penicillin V.

In an open, randomized four-way crossover study, four different formulations of penicillin V each containing 1.2 mega units were tested: A) new liquid formulation of Isocillin syrup, B) new liquid formulation of Isocillin syrup plus ethanol, C) commercially available penicillin V syrup containing ethanol as solubilizer and D) Isocillin film tablets. Six male and eight female healthy volunteers participated in the study. Serum concentration and urinary excretion of penicillin V were measured by HPLC or bioassay. The new liquid formulation of Isocillin syrup showed highest Cmax and AUC values. Correspondingly, urinary excretion of the new liquid formulation of Isocillin syrup was highest (38% of the given dose). Mean pharmacokinetic data of the new liquid formulation of Isocillin syrup were: tmax (h) = 0.81, Cmax (mg/l) = 9.92, AUC0-8h (mgh/l) = 13.67, lambda z (h) = 0.68, Cltot/f (ml/min) = 964. Ethanol (4.6%) had no absorption-enhancing effects. From a clinical point of view, all four formulations investigated in this trial showed serum concentrations well above bactericidal concentrations (greater than 1 mg/l) for more than 3 h. Although the interindividual variability of serum levels was high, the levels observed would guarantee therapeutic efficacy against penicillin sensitive bacterial strains.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of flumethrin pour-on against Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Diptera, Glossinidae) during releases in a fly proof stable.

2000 males and females of Glossina palpalis gambiensis were released in the presence of a Zebu treated with flumethrin pour-on in a fly proof stable. From the first day after treatment until day 15, the flies were released at intervals of two days. The mortalities were highest during the first five days after treatment. With the exception of the first two releases the "knock down" effects were distinctly higher than the corresponding mortalities, ranging between 60% and 100% during the observation period.

Animals↗