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Biomedical subjects

B Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to B Andersen.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Gut and pancreatic hormones after jejunoileal bypass with 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio.

The aim of the study was to elucidate the differential role of the jejunum and ileum in the regulation of secretion of the gut hormones, gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and enteroglucagon, and the pancreatic hormones, insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide, in man. We measured the plasma levels of the hormones (and glucose) during fasting and after a test meal in 34 obese patients, of whom 5 were waiting for bypass surgery and 29 had had a jejunoileal bypass with a 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio between the functioning segments 3, 9, or 15 months earlier. The major findings were that surgery bypass (1) has no important influence on the levels of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide, (2) reduces the level of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, insulin (and glucose), and enhances the pancreatic glucagon level, independently of the jejunoileal ratio, and (3) increases enteroglucagon secretion, most effectively so with a short jejunal and long ileal segment left in continuity. These findings suggest that the upper jejunum and terminal ileum has no important role in regulation of secretion of these hormones apart from that in secretion in enteroglucagon which is related to the length of functioning ileum.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Perinatal development of the distributions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and succinate dehydrogenase in rat liver parenchyma.

Parenchymal distributions and activities of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy-kinase were studied during perinatal development of rat liver. 1. Succinate dehydrogenase activity increased almost linearly from day 5 before to day 5 after birth. Hepatocytes with higher enzyme activities were disseminated heterogeneously, zonal heterogeneity developed during the second week. 2. Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was not detectable before birth; it was induced to high levels during day 1 and increased further to a maximum during days 5 to 10. It decreased again to adult levels at the end of the third week. The enzyme distribution already showed signs of a zonal heterogeneity at day 1, which became fully developed during the second week. The results indicate that the zonal heterogeneity typical of adult liver was established for the two enzymes during the second week of life. They revealed in addition that the two enzymes, representing two different subcellular compartments, had an individual development towards the zonal heterogeneity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Precision in measuring shunt length in jejunoileostomy for morbid obesity.

We performed a prospective assessment of intraoperative precision in determination of shunt length in 138 patients. The variations were slight and of the same order of magnitude in the jejunum and ileum. Precision in per cent of measured length was independent of the actual length and of the surgeons who performed the operations. The results indicate that factors other than error in the measurements are responsible for variations in weight loss after jejunoileostomy.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1982

Portographic findings and coagulopathy in cirrhosis.

Percutaneous transhepatic portography was performed in 57 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The portographic findings, the free portal pressure and the coagulation tests were analyzed. Moderate or severe abnormality of the coagulation system was significantly associated with extrahepatic shunting, large gastric varices and collaterals from the splenic vein and splenic hilum. Reduced levels of prothrombin, factor X and thrombocyte counts were the factors mainly accounting for this association. As severe variceal bleeding is associated with these changes in the portal circulation, identification of patients at high risk may be based on portography combined with examination of the coagulation system.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Plasma cholesterol fractions after jejunoileal bypass with 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio.

Jejunoileal bypass results in a 40% reduction in total plasma cholesterol both with a 3:1 and with a 1:3 jejunoileal ratio of the segments left in continuity, in spite of a lower rate of cholesterol degradation to bile salts with a 1:3 jejunoileal ratio. We measured total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in plasma from 34 patients who either were waiting for or had had bypass surgery with 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio 3, 9, or 15 months earlier. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly reduced after bypass surgery but showed no significant difference between 3:1 and 1:3 bypass and no significant changes with time after surgery. The HDL cholesterol showed no significant differences between the groups except for a moderately decreased level in the 1:3 bypass group 3 months after surgery. LDL cholesterol was pronouncedly reduced in the bypass groups compared with the unoperated group and was not significantly related to the jejunoileal ratio of the bypass or to the time since surgery.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1982

Bypass revision in unsatisfactory weight loss after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity.

Sixteen patients with unsatisfactory weight loss after end-to-side jejunoileal bypass were treated with either simple resection of the elongated segment of the shunt (10 patients) or resection combined with conversion to an end-to-end anastomosis (Scott) (6 patients). This led to an additional median weight loss of 13.5 kg (range, 3-25 kg) after 1 year. Scott's procedure yielded the greatest weight loss, but the price was bypass enteritis, arthritis, or electrolyte disturbances in all but one patient. Two of these patients required conversion to gastroplasty. After simple resection of the shunt less than half of the patients required electrolyte supplementation. Most of these patients, however, had unsatisfactory weight loss, which necessitated further surgery in five patients. Only 6 of the 16 patients had good results. In consequence, we have for the past 2 years used conversion to gastroplasty in patients with unsatisfactory weight loss after jejunoileal bypass.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Bile acid malabsorption after jejunoileal bypass is less compensated for with a 1:3 than with a 3:1 jejunoileal ratio.

A previous study surprisingly showed that after jejunoileal bypass a ratio of 1:3 compared with 3:1 between the jejunal and ileal segment left in continuity resulted in a smaller synthesis rate, pool size, and postcibal jejunal levels of bile acids. These findings are reevaluated in the present study of 34 patients who either were waiting for or 3, 9, or 15 months earlier, had undergone bypass surgery with a 3:1 or 1:3 jejunoileal ratio. Compared with 3:1 bypass, the 1:3 bypass resulted in (i) greater reduction of the fasting bile acid pool, significant for chenodeoxycholic acid but not for cholic adic, (ii) less increase in synthesis rate of both bile acids, (iii) less decrease in relative content of taurine-conjugated bile acids in bile, and (iv) equal reduction of postcibal levels of bile acids in jejunum. We conclude that the increase in synthesis of bile acids compensates insufficiently for the excess fecal loss; the lower synthesis rate after bypass with a short jejunum relative to ileum in function may be due to an impaired stumulation of bile acid synthesis, the mechanism of which is unexplained.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1982

Heterogeneous distribution of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in rat liver parenchyma, isolated, and cultured hepatocytes.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was localized in rat liver parenchyma, as well as isolated and cultured hepatocytes by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against the enzyme raised in rabbits and purified by antigen-affinity-chromatography. 1. In fed and fasted rats the enzyme was heterogeneously distributed over the parenchyma. It was predominantly located in the periportal zone. 2. In hepatocytes shortly after isolation or cultured for 1 h the heterogeneity with respect to the enzyme content was maintained. 3. In hepatocytes cultured for 24 h and treated with glucagon the heterogeneity was lost. The results indicate that the heterogeneity of hepatocytes as to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase content is due to a different expression of the genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Diarrhoea following jejuno-ileostomy for morbid obesity. A randomised trial of loperamide and diphenoxylate.

The effect of loperamide and diphenoxylate on diarrhoea following jejuno-ileostomy for morbid obesity was investigated in 27 patients by means of a randomized fixed sample size, three-period cross-over trial. Both loperamide and diphenoxylate had significant effect on the diarrhoeas when compared with no treatment, but no significant difference was found between the two drugs. Loperamide is an acceptable alternative in the treatment of diarrhoea following jejuno-ileostomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Metronidazole treatment of bypass-enteropathy after jejunoileal shunt-operation for obesity.

In 5 patients with bypass-enteropathy following jejunoileal shunt-operation for morbid obesity, bacterial overgrowth was demonstrated in the functioning small bowel. The symptoms were effectively relieved during treatment with metronidazole in the 3 patients, who completed the treatment. Bacterial cultures revealed no anaerobic growth during 3 of 4 periods of treatment. Anaerobic overgrowth in the small bowel is probably the cause of bypass-enteropathy following jejunoileal shunt-operation.

Adult↗