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Biomedical subjects

B Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to B Andersen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Ordinal scale and statistics in medical research.

A survey of the 1982 editions of 12 medical journals showed that in at least 70% of 175 papers employing ordinal measurement scales, statistical methods were used, which do, in fact, assume a more refined measurement scale. Non-parametric methods suited for analysis of ordinal data are listed.

Research↗
PubMed1985

Meal stimulated levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were measured after a meal consisting of 11 ml meat extract and 40 ml of 20% soya oil in 11 patients before and 3 months after gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Gastroplasty results in a small proximal pouch with a narrow stoma allowing delayed emptying into the distal pouch, and consequently postprandial distension of the proximal pouch. Postprandial plasma PP increased significantly (P less than 0.01) independent of gastroplasty. PP is therefore not involved in the early satiety after gastroplasty. Postprandial plasma VIP increased significantly from fasting levels both before and after gastroplasty (P less than 0.05). Only 10 min after a meal, the median value of VIP was significantly higher after than before gastroplasty (P less than 0.02) and may be caused by distension of the proximal pouch.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hydrochlorothiazide and potassium chloride in comparison with hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride in the treatment of mild hypertension.

A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study comparing 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 5 mg amiloride (HCTZ/A) with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 26 mmol potassium chloride (HCTZ/K) was conducted in 18 patients with mild essential hypertension (diastolic pressure 90-105 mmHg). The sequence of treatment was: placebo for 2 weeks, one active drug for 3 weeks, placebo for 2 weeks, the other active drug for 3 weeks. The two agents were significantly and equally efficacious in lowering the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Baseline vs. treatment mean serum potassium levels were 3.82 vs. 3.78 mmol/l for HCTZ/A and 3.82 vs. 3.70 mmol/l for HCTZ/K. The decrease in serum potassium level from baseline was significant for both agents but not significantly different when the two treatment forms were compared. Both treatment forms elevated fasting serum cholesterol and glucose. Serum triglycerides and uric acid rose significantly with HCTZ/K. Amiloride may affect the tubular handling of uric acid causing increased uric acid excretion, thus counteracting thiazide-induced hyperuricemia. During 3 weeks' extension of the main study, 5 patients received HCTZ/A in double the original dose (100 mg/10 mg) and 6 patients received HCTZ/K in double the original dose (100 mg/52 mmol). No further blood pressure reduction was observed on treatment with these doses. The mean serum potassium levels did not decrease further on doubling the HCTZ/A dose, while a significant fall was observed for HCTZ/K (3.60 vs. 3.42 mmol/l) (p less than 0.05, single tailed t-test). Both drug combinations were well tolerated and side-effects were not significantly different from those during placebo administration. This study demonstrates that 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 26 mmol potassium chloride are as effective as 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 5 mg amiloride, both in reducing blood pressure and preventing hypokalaemia in the treatment of essential hypertension. A small extension study indicates that amiloride might be more effective than potassium chloride in preventing hypokalaemia when high doses (100 mg/day) of hydrochlorothiazide are administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Absorption of oral penicillin before and after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Gastroplasty for morbid obesity results in a small proximal pouch with a narrow stoma to the distal stomach. Absorption of phenoxymethylpenicillin given in tablets and liquid form was evaluated in 8 females before and 3 months after gastroplasty. Penicillin absorption was not affected to any significant extent. Oral penicillin can therefore safely be given for the treatment of infections in patients after gastroplasty.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

Food intake before and after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Preoperatively, the energy intake was high, the protein intake was sufficient, whereas the relative contribution of fat was greater than and of carbohydrate less than the recommended values. After gastroplasty a dramatic fall occurred in the intake of energy and all nutrients, and a relative reduction in the contribution of fat at 3 months and of carbohydrate at 12 months was observed. Preoperatively, the intake of vitamins D, B6, folacin, biotin, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and fluoride was deficient. Twelve months after operation the intake of these components and of vitamin E and iodine was less than half of the values recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The influence of jejunoileal ratio on plasma electrolytes and liver function in intestinal bypass for morbid obesity. A randomized trial.

In a randomized clinical trial 89 obese patients had end-to-side jejunoileostomy with either a 1:3 or a 3:1 ratio between jejunum and ileum left in continuity. The duration of postoperative observation was at least 36 months. Repeated assessments were made on plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, magnesium, calcium, aspartate aminotransferase, and clotting factors. The major findings were that bypass surgery (i) has no important influence on levels of sodium, bicarbonate, and calcium, (ii) induces potassium depletion and transient liver dysfunction of a degree that is independent of the jejunoileal ratio, and (iii) induces a greater magnesium depletion when a long jejunum and short ileum segment are left in continuity.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Ranitidine and high-dose antacid in reflux oesophagitis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

The liquid antacid Novaluzid (10 ml seven times daily) was compared with ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) and with placebo in 57 patients with symptoms and endoscopic signs of oesophagitis and gastro-oesophageal reflux. A randomized three-period change-over design with the double-dummy technique was used. Each treatment period lasted 6 weeks. Only 37 patients (64.9%) completed the entire trial. In retrospect, five patients receiving placebo were withdrawn because of insufficient effect, six patients because of side effects while taking Novaluzid and two while taking ranitidine. The remaining seven dropouts/withdrawals were for reasons without evident relationship to the treatment given. Statistical analyses based both on the 37 completers and on the 43 patients who had at least two treatment periods showed that ranitidine and Novaluzid were superior to placebo with regard to pain score (p less than 0.005) but not with regard to regurgitation, dysphagia, histology, and appearance on endoscopy (p greater than 0.05). It was impossible to distinguish statistically between ranitidine and Novaluzid. In conclusion, ranitidine and high-dose antacids are of equal effectiveness in the short-term treatment of reflux oesophagitis, and both are superior to placebo with regard to symptomatic relief.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gastric emptying of liquid before and after gastroplasty for morbid obesity.

Gastric emptying of a liquid meal was investigated with a radionuclide method before and 1 week and 3 and 12 months after gastroplasty operation for morbid obesity. Gastroplasty results in a small proximal pouch with a narrow stoma to the remaining stomach. The total gastric emptying was delayed 3 months after gastroplasty (p less than 0.01). Twelve months after gastroplasty, emptying of the proximal pouch was faster than at 3 months (p less than 0.01). This may indicate dilatation of the stoma between the two gastric pouches during this period. Surprisingly, the total gastric emptying 12 months after gastroplasty was not only faster than at 3 months but also faster than before surgery. The explanation, therefore, cannot only be attributed to a dilated stoma, and hormonal mechanisms may be involved. A lack of correlation between preoperative weight and emptying was observed, but because the material consists of only obese subjects, no conclusion can be drawn about the postulated role of gastric emptying in developing obesity. Emptying of the total stomach and of the proximal pouch failed to correlate with postoperative weight losses. The weight loss after gastroplasty evidently bears little, if any, relation to the postoperative changes in gastric emptying of liquids.

Adult↗