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Biomedical subjects

B Adler

Publications and source records attributed to B Adler.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The sensitivities of different immunoassays for detecting leptospiral antigen.

The detection of leptospiral antigen in biological fluids is important for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in animals and man. However the sensitivity of dark field microscopy, the usual detection method, is often inadequate. A comparison was made between the sensitivities of several immunological techniques for detecting Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. By staphylococcal coagglutination 10(8) leptospires per ml could be detected and by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis 10(7) per ml. The best sensitivity obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 10(5) leptospires per ml, and by radioimmunoassay 10(4) to 10(5) per ml. Radioimmunoassay offers the prospect of improved diagnosis of leptospirosis through the detection of leptospiral antigen.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

Oat cell carcinoma of larynx.

Mucus secretion, cytoplasmic argyrophilia, intracellular lumen, neurosecretory granules, and tonofilaments were observed in a histologic and ultrastructural study of laryngeal oat cell carcinoma. In theories of tumor genesis, more than one line of cellular differentiation is a significant finding.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1981

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a serological test for detecting antibodies against Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in sheep.

The enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with the standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) as a method for detecting antibodies against Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in sheep. Peak antibody levels detected by the 2 tests occurred at different times following experimental infection of sheep. In serums from flocks of sheep with naturally acquired infection there was a 95% correlation between MAT and ELISA with respect to the presence or absence of antibody to serovar hardjo, although the levels of correlation of the titres of the 2 tests was low. The 2 tests appeared to measure different antigen-antibody systems. The ELISA would be a useful test for screening large numbers of serums for antibodies to L. interrogans serovar hardjo.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

Prostacyclin and beta-adrenergic catecholamines inhibit arachidonate release and PGI2 synthesis by vascular endothelium.

We have investigated the mechanism by which cyclic AMP inhibits PGI2 synthesis in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) blocks calcium ionophore-induced PGI2 production by 62%. The addition of 3 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP, alone with IBMX, increases the inhibition to 96%. Release o 3H-arachidonate from membrane phospholipids was inhibited 25% by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, 48% by IBMX, and 76% by isoproterenol plus IBMX. Inhibition by isoproterenol was reversed by 10 micro M propranolol. Release of 3H-arachidonate was also reduced 75% by a combination of 10 micro M PGI2 and 3 mM IBMX. We conclude that hormones like isoproterenol and PGI2 may regulate endothelial cell PGI2 biosynthesis by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP, which then inhibits release of endogenous arachidonate from membrane phospholipids.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1981

Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis and carrier detection of Fanconi anemia by a cytogenetic method.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by pancytopenia, spontaneous chromosome instability, and a variety of congenital anomalies. Variable phenotype and age of onset of anemia make accurate diagnosis difficult in some patients. We report a cytogenetic method for rapid diagnosis of FA homozygous blood lymphocytes and amniotic fluid cells, and FA heterozygous blood lymphocytes. When treated with 0.1 micrograms/ml of diepoxybutane, affected lymphocytes responded with approximately a 175-fold increase in chromosome breakage compared with that exhibited by similarly treated lymphocytes from normal individuals or patients who manifest some clinical features of FA. The breakage in affected lymphocytes was characterized by multiple complex chromatoid exchanges. Amniotic fluid cells from four fetuses at risk for FA were studied. Three of these were diagnosed as affected and the fourth as normal on the basis of spontaneous and diepoxybutane-induced chromosome breakage. Lymphocytes from FA heterozygotes showed a fourfold increase in chromosome breakage characterized by chromatid exchange when compared with control lymphocytes. Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of FA and detection of carriers can therefore be performed with ease by making use of the method described here.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Immunogenicity of boiled compared with formalized leptospiral vaccines in rabbits, hamsters and humans.

Leptospires (Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona) grown in chemically defined medium were immunogenic when given intradermally in humans if the leptospires were killed with formalin but not if they were boiled. Boiled leptospires were immunogenic for rabbits and hamsters and protected hamsters from challenge infection. On the other hand, boiled leptospires of the biflexa complex, serovar patoc, did retain some immunogenicity in humans, but the antisera did not protect hamsters against challenge with serovar pomona.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1980

Detection of specific anti-leptospiral immunoglobulins M and G in human serum by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect leptospire-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in the sera of patients infected with leptospiral serovars hardjo, pomona, or copenhageni. All patients produced specific IgM and IgG detectable by ELISA. In contrast, only a few patients produced IgG agglutinins whereas all produced IgM agglutinins. The specificity and sensitivity of the test suggest that the ELISA anti-IgM technique is a suitable method for detecting leptospiral antibodies in human sera for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1980

Comparative studies on two antigens (F4 and TM) extracted from leptospires.

F4 and TM antigens extracted from Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, and copenhageni were compared by immunodiffusion, by hemagglutination inhibition, and by selective absorption of antisera. These data, together with previous information on the serological specificities of the two antigen preparations, suggest that F4 and TM are different antigens.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Determinants of short stature in normal children at the age of two years: a case-control study in a community in Jerusalem.

Differences were analysed between growth patterns and determinants of physical growth in two groups of normal infants at 24 months. Longitudinal data routinely collected in a mother and child clinic were analysed. At 24 months, 26% of cohort infants were at or below the 10th percentile for length (= 'small' infants); 98 of these were compared with 83 'medium' infants (between the 50th and the 75th percentile, for example). Excessive downward deviation of length percentiles was seen in 80% of 'small' infants. In 20% their birthweight was on the 10th percentile or below; 50% had a mother less than 155 cm tall; maternal stature was closely linked with socioeconomic factors. Of mothers with less than nine years of schooling, 70% had 'small' infants. In 95% of both groups growth attainment at two years could be predicted from data at 12 months. The known factors influencing deviant physical growth overlap with those of mental and social development. Growth deviation by itself may identify infants open to multiple risks, especially if their mothers have a low educational level. Further narrowing of the target group for specialised intervention strategies should be attempted.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

Maturation of humoral immune response determines the susceptibility of guinea-pigs to leptospirosis.

Baby guinea-pigs were susceptible to infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, but rapidly became resistant as they matured. Increased resistance with increasing weight of guinea-pigs was correlated with the development of ability to produce agglutinating antibodies to leptospires and with maturation of B-cell dependent (but not T-cell dependent) areas in lymphoid organs. These observations can explain the basis of species-resistance of adult guinea-pigs to infection with serovar pomona.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Apparent movement and appearance of periodic stripes during eye movements across a stroboscopically illuminated random dot pattern.

When the eyes follow a small target moving across a stationary random dot pattern illuminated stroboscopically at 3--45 flashes . s-1, the structure of the random dot pattern is seen as moving in the direction of the eye pursuit movements (sigma-movement). At flash frequencies above 9.5 flashes . s-1, periodic stripes oriented perpendicularly to the direction of the pursuit eye movements appear and are also seen as moving in the direction of the eye pursuit movement. The period Ps of the apparent stripes depended on the flash frequency fs and the angular speed of the eyes Ve: Formula: see text. Apparent sigma-movement and apparent stripes were also seen when eye pursuit movements were initiated outside of the random dot pattern and they continued autonomously without a moving target across the pattern. The angular velocity of the sigma-pursuit movement across the random dot pattern depended on the flash frequency and the angular velocity of the initiating target. With the eyes stationary but a moving random dot pattern, the apparent stripes also appeared at flash frequencies fs greater than or equal to 9.5 flashes . s-1. Eq. (1) was valid when Ve was replaced by the target angular velocity Vs (k = 1).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Community diagnosis of physical growth of infants based on monitoring in a routine preventive service.

The physical growth pattern of infants aged from one month to two years was studied in a lower middle class community in Jerusalem. Weight and length were measured at one month and at three, six, 12, and 24 months. In each age and sex group there were at least 200 children. At one month and 24 months the percentage of children below the 10th percentile for weight and also for length was higher than expected, although severely impaired linear growth was observed in only 0.5% of males and 1.3% of females at 24 months. The percentage of overweight infants was highest at three months (6.2% of males and 5.2% females). In the light of these findings, we discuss the feasibility of accurate monitoring of physical growth in maternal and child health clinics; the possibility of an association between maternal stature and the high percentage of children below the 10th percentile for length; and the association between food intake and growth pattern.

Body Height↗
PubMed1979

Food intake and growth of children between 30 and 48 months of age in Jerusalem.

The food intake and body size of a sample of children from a western neighborhood of Jerusalem were determined at 30, 36, and 48 months of age. The mean caloric intake was below the 100% of the Recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The percentage of children receiving less than 100% of the RDA increased slightly with age. Less than 20% of the children had intakes below 60% of the RDA. The mean protein intake was 200% of the RDA. Iron intake met the World Health Organization recommendations. The heme component of the iron intake decreased with age. The mean protein and caloric intake increased as the mother's educational level increased. The weight and height distribution of this population does not differ significantly from the US reference population. At 48 months of age, the children are heavy for their height. Some difficulties of dietary intake studies and the association between food intake and growth are discussed.

Child Development↗