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Biomedical subjects

B Adler

Publications and source records attributed to B Adler.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Bacteriuria in pregnancy and growth and development of the infants.

In the framework of a community-oriented programme in a western neighbourhood in Jerusalem, screening for bacteriuria during pregnancy was introduced. Between the years 1972 and 1979, 30 cases were identified, an incidence of 1.7%. All women diagnosed as having bacteriuria received antibiotic treatment according to sensitivity of the organism. This report presents the pregnancy outcome as measured by physical growth and development of the offspring. Cases of bacteriuria were compared with individually matched nonbacteriuric controls. No statistically significant differences were found in mean birth weight, mean weight and length at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and development quotient at 2 years. No low birth weight infants were found among the cases. The fact that no differences were found between cases and controls, the feasibility, validity, acceptability and low cost of the screening test, and the health benefits of the programme justify introduction of routine screening and treatment of bacteriuria in the preventive health services.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The immunoglobulin response of swine following experimental infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona.

The antibody response of pigs following experimental infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was examined using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Leptospires elicited the production of both IgM and IgG classes of antibody, with IgG levels persisting for much longer than IgM. A comparison of MAT and EIA indicated that the detection of specific IgM by EIA was potentially useful in distinguishing between past and recent infection in pigs. Agglutinins were also detected in the urine of infected animals but these antibodies could not be detected by EIA.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Adhesion of leptospires to mouse fibroblasts (L929) and its enhancement by specific antibody.

The adhesion of leptospires (Leptospira interrogans serovar. copenhageni L45) to mouse L-cells was studied by microscopic observations. Within 3 h of infection of monolayers many leptospires adhered to 95-100% of the cells, and intracellular leptospires were demonstrated by electron microscopy. No specific site of attachment on the cells or the leptospires was observed. Avirulent or dead leptospires adhered poorly but attachment of the saprophytic leptospire L. biflexa serovar. patoc occurred on cell and glass surfaces. After adhesion, microvilli on the cell surfaces disappeared within 6 h of infection and cell damage was observed after 12 h. The adhesion was greatly enhanced by the presence of specific antiserum at a subagglutinating concentration. No direct penetration by leptospires of the host cells was observed with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It appears that (1) adhesion of leptospires to L-cells precedes cell damage, and (2) leptospires may enter cells either through damaged membranes, or by a phagocytosis-like mechanism.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1984

Phagocytosis of virulent and avirulent leptospires by guinea-pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro.

Chemiluminescence (CL) and electron microscopy were used to study the phagocytosis of both virulent and avirulent strains of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni by guinea-pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). A significant CL response was observed when guinea-pig PMN were incubated with virulent leptospires in the presence but not in the absence of specific immune serum. This response was markedly enhanced by the addition of guinea-pig complement. Phagocytosis was confirmed by the observation of intracellular leptospires in guinea-pig PMN by electron microscopy. The phagocytosis of avirulent leptospires by guinea-pig PMN and of both virulent and avirulent leptospires by human PMN required the presence of both specific immune serum and complement. Thus the ability of leptospires to resist phagocytosis by PMN in the absence of immune serum does not appear to be a major determinant of virulence.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Episodes of illness in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants in Jerusalem.

In a prospective study on breast-feeding in Jerusalem, 274 middle-class Jewish women were interviewed about their breast-feeding practices, and symptoms and signs of disease, episodes of illness and hospitalization of the infant. Women of a higher education level breast-fed more often and for a longer period than did women with less education. Infants exclusively breast-fed had significantly fewer symptoms of disease than did those not breast-fed or partially breast-fed. The odds ratios for cough, respiratory difficulty, and diarrhea by breast-feeding practice were 3.66, 2.14 and 2.72 (P = 0.04). Significant differences in the number of illness episodes were found between breast-fed and bottle-fed infants at 20 weeks; infants exclusively breast-fed had the least number of illness episodes. A positive association was found between number of illness episodes and duration of breast-feeding. Infants who were breast-fed for 20 weeks had the least number of illness episodes; 52% of them had no episode compared with only 15% who were not breast-fed. Comparison of the numbers of illness episodes among non-breast-fed infants of mothers with low and high education levels indicated that the infants of better educated mothers had a significantly lower percentage of illness episodes (P less than 0.05). Even infants of a middle-class and well-educated population benefit from the breast-feeding practice and its protective effect, more so if they are exclusively breast-fed and for a longer period.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of procarbazine and cyclophosphamide on chromosome breakage in Fanconi anemia cells: relevance to bone marrow transplantation.

Fanconi anemia (FA) patients develop stem cell defect-based pancytopenia for which bone marrow transplantation offers the potential for correction. Recently, it has become apparent that the outcome of marrow transplantation in FA patients is poor because of the hypersensitivity of these patients to the pretransplantation conditioning regimen which includes immunosuppression with high doses of the difunctional alkylating agent cyclophosphamide. In an effort to devise a less toxic immunosuppressive regimen, we compared the clastogenic effect of cyclophosphamide with that of procarbazine in cells from FA patients and normal controls. Activation of the drugs was achieved by two alternative methods, either by injection into rats (the in vivo activation method) or by incubation with a rat-liver microsome system (the in vitro activation method). Increased sister chromatid exchange following treatment of cells with cyclophosphamide or procarbazine was used as an indicator for the presence of activated drug metabolites in the system. Although FA cells were hypersensitive to the clastogenic effect of cyclophosphamide, they were not more sensitive than normal cell to procarbazine-induced chromosome breakage. Procarbazine may thus be a safer drug than cyclophosphamide for conditioning FA patients for bone marrow transplantation.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1983

The development of mixed function amine oxidase in cultured foetal rat hepatocytes and its relation to 3'-methyl-4-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene effects on tyrosine aminotransferase accumulation.

The ability of cultured foetal rat hepatocytes to metabolize the carcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (MDAB) is shown to correlate with the effectiveness of the carcinogen in suppressing the accumulation of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). MDAB is ineffective in cultures of 15-day gestation liver which are unable to carry out oxidation of MDAB as judged by the conversion of [3H]MDAB to a non-ether extractable form. In contrast, 19-day gestation hepatocytes can perform this function, and correspondingly the levels of TAT are suppressed in these cultures in the presence of MDAB. When 15-day gestation hepatocytes are maintained for beyond 3 days in culture, they acquire the ability to oxidize MDAB and accordingly become susceptible to the carcinogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A pomona serogroup-specific, agglutinating antigen in Leptospira, identified by monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies were produced by hybridoma cell lines derived by fusion of mouse NS-1 myeloma cells with splenocytes from mice immunized with Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. One hybridoma (A3) produced an IgG2a antibody which agglutinated all leptospires of the Pomona serogroup but not leptospires representative of serovars of any other serogroup. The antibody precipitated in immunodiffusions with either alkali- or phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide and also with the TM antigen of Yanagawa et al., indicating a common determinant on both antigens. A3 antibody opsonized viable leptospires for phagocytosis by mouse macrophages in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Species- and genus-specific antigens in Leptospira, revealed by monoclonal antibodies and enzyme immunoassay.

Mouse antisera to Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona or L. biflexa serovar patoc agglutinated homologous leptospires but not leptospires of serovars from any heterologous serogroup tested. When tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), pomona and patoc antisera reacted with all serovars tested from L. interrogans, L. biflexa or L. illini species. A non-agglutinating hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody reacted by EIA only with serovars of the pathogenic L. interrogans species but not with L. biflexa nor L. illini. The results demonstrated the presence of both genus and species specific non-agglutinating leptospiral antigens which could be detected only by EIA.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Sigma-movement and optokinetic nystagmus elicited by stroboscopically illuminated stereopatterns.

Sigma-movement is an apparent movement seen when a stationary periodic visual pattern of the period PS is illuminated stroboscopically at the flash frequency fS and smooth gaze pursuit eye movements are performed across the pattern at an angular velocity Ve = PS X fS deg X S-1. Sigma-movement leads to an optokinetic nystagmus (Sigma OKN) which in turn sustains Sigma-movement perception. (1) Sigma-movement was also seen in an apparent three-dimensional periodic stripe pattern generated by two periodic monocular stimulus patterns with a certain degree of horizontal binocular disparity. (2) Sigma-movement perception and Sigma-OKN were also elicited by a stroboscopically illuminated, stationary, random dot stereostripe pattern. The periodicity PS of this pattern is generated on the cyclopean retina (Julesz 1971). The equation described above was also valid. When the time delay delta t between left eye and right eye flashes was varied, the apparent depth of the random dot stereostripe pattern decreased with increasing delta t, but the Sigma-effects were not affected. (3) Sigma-movement illusion and Sigma-pursuit movements can also be induced when real three-dimensional objects composed of periodic components are stroboscopically illuminated and adequate gaze or eye pursuit movements are induced. Sigma-movement is related to gaze movement and is therefore elicitable by eye, head or body movements. (4) Sigma-movement is presumably caused by the interaction of efference copy signals (generated in a cortical gaze pursuit system) and afferent visual signals. The present data indicate that neuronal mechanisms for this interaction are located--at least in part--at or beyond the level of binocular fusion and stereopsis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Interspecies recA protein substitution in Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.

With the help of recombinant plasmids carrying the recA gene of Escherichia coli or of Proteus mirabilis the ability of the recA gene products to substitute functionally for each other was studied. The recA protein of each can function in recombination, repair, induction of mutations and prophages and in regulation of its own synthesis within the foreign host nearly equally well as in the natural host. It is, therefore, suggested that recA-dependent processes act similarly in E. coli and P. mirabilis.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1982

Bovine IgM and IgG response to Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo as measured by enzyme immunoassay.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect specific IgG and IgG antibodies in the sera of cattle infected or immunized with Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. IgM appeared first but was quickly followed by IgG which persisted longer than IgM. The levels of antibody detectable by ELISA and by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) did not correlate, suggesting that the two techniques measured different antigen--antibody systems. The transient nature of the IgM response as measured by ELISA indicates potential usefulness as a serodiagnostic test for detecting current leptospiral infections.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

Evidence that leptospiral lipopolysaccharide is not an important protective antigen.

CBA/N mice, which could not produce antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from either Escherichia coli or Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, produced levels of agglutinating antibodies against leptospires similar to those produced by immunologically normal CBA mice. CBA/N mice were thus resistant to acute leptospiral infection and CBA/N immune serum passively protected immunosuppressed mice from infection. The results suggest that antibodies against LPS are not important in protection against experimental leptospiral infection in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immunogenicity of leptospiral vaccines grown in protein-free medium.

Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and hardjo were adapted to grow in a chemically-defined, protein-free (PF) medium. Formolised monovalent vaccines of serovars pomona and hardjo and a bivalent mixture of the two were prepared from PF cultures. Live PF cultures and the vaccine preparations retained their agglutinating antigens and their immunogenicity when tested in rabbits and guinea-pigs. The vaccines were not pyrogenic and dermal reactions were slight.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1982

The role of macrophages in the protection of mice against leptospirosis: in vitro and in vivo studies.

Balb/c mice are naturally resistant to infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni, but leptospires were not phagocytosed by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro without added specific antibody. Similar results were obtained irrespective of whether leptospires were viable or killed, virulent or avirulent, or whether macrophages were obtained from normal mice, immunized mice or mice previously infected with BCG. Suppression or stimulation of macrophage function in vivo did not affect the outcome of infection of immunosuppressed mice with leptospires; specific antibody was essential for protection from infection.

Animals↗