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Biomedical subjects

A Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshida.

At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

OCT in successful surgery of retinal detachment associated with optic nerve head pit.

The authors describe the course of a patient with retinal detachment associated with optic nerve head pit for whom optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed before and after vitrectomy and gas tamponade. An 18-year-old woman presented with macular elevation and a lamellar macular hole associated with optic nerve head pit. OCT showed that the retinal elevation consisted of both separation of the inner and outer retinal layers and detachment of the outer layers from the retinal pigment epithelium. After vitreous surgery and postoperative intraocular gas tamponade, the macular elevation gradually resolved, and OCT showed that improvement in central vision corresponded with flattening of the outer layer detachment in the fovea. OCT is a useful tool for monitoring the therapeutic effect of vitrectomy and gas tamponade for retinal detachment associated with optic nerve head pit.

Adolescent↗
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Retinal detachment and retinoschisis detected by optical coherence tomography in a myopic eye with a macular hole.

The authors describe a myopic patient with a full-thickness macular hole that was accompanied by both retinal detachment and retinoschisis. A 51-year-old woman presented with a localized retinal elevation of three disc diameters around the macular hole in a myopic eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed features of both retinal detachment and retinoschisis. After vitreous surgery and postoperative intraocular gas tamponade, the macular elevation resolved, and separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium band disappeared on the OCT images. OCT is a useful tool for examining macular conditions associated with a macular hole in myopic patients.

Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological↗
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Three-dimensional characteristics of macular pseudoholes using confocal laser tomography.

BACKGROUND: Epiretinal membranes with macular pseudoholes are sometimes confused with full-thickness macular holes. Because both the natural course and clinical management of the two differ, an accurate differential diagnosis is needed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We obtained three-dimensional images of macular pseudoholes in 12 eyes using the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT). Another 15 eyes with a full-thickness macular hole were also studied. In addition, we measured the area and the maximum depth of both types of holes. RESULTS: Irregular rippling undulations were frequently observed on the three-dimensional topographic maps around the pseudoholes, whereas elevated cuffs were observed around the full-thickness holes. The maximum depth of the macular pseudoholes (mean, 57 microm) was significantly shallower than that of the full-thickness macular holes (mean, 156 microm; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional images obtained by the HRT and the measurement of the maximum depth may be useful in differentiating macular pseudoholes from full-thickness macular holes.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional analysis of macular diseases with a scanning retinal thickness analyzer and a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

OBJECTIVE: To compare three-dimensional analysis of macular diseases obtained using the scanning retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) with that obtained using the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Both the RTA and the HRT were used to examine 50 eyes of 36 patients with diabetic macular edema, macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion, age-related macular degeneration, and idiopathic macular holes. RESULTS: In most macular diseases, the retinal thickness map constructed using the RTA agreed with the image obtained with the HRT. The two maps were not consistent with each other, however, in patients with dense retinal hemorrhages and with extrafoveal fixation. CONCLUSIONS: Although both the RTA and the HRT give additional information to clinically evaluate macular diseases, they do have limitations. The discrepancy between these two analyses in some specific macular pathologies might be caused by the different wavelengths of the laser beam and the different methodologies used to scan the retina.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk prediction using histology of noncancerous liver before hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study is to elucidate the feasibility of the risk assessment of hepatic resection by histological evaluation of noncancerous liver in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODOLOGY: The study involved 78 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who had undergone a needle biopsy of noncancerous liver before hepatic resection. The histological activity index score which consists of four categories indicating the inflammatory activity and the degree of fibrosis was determined, and its association with complications after hepatic resection was examined. RESULTS: Postoperative complications occurred in 26 of the first 52 patients that underwent hepatic resection. A logistic analysis selected histological activity index score as an independent factor related to postoperative complications (Odds ratio 1.31, P < 0.02). Postoperative complications occurred more frequently in patients with a histological activity index score > or = 6 that had undergone resection of two or more segments (P < 0.05), and also in those with histological activity index score > or = 10 that had undergone segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy (P < 0.05). When the histological activity index score was taken into consideration in deciding operative procedures for a further 20 patients, the incidence of postoperative complications reduced considerably to 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative histological evaluation of noncancerous liver by a needle biopsy may be helpful in deciding the operative procedure to avoid complications after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗
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Reciprocal changes in leptin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with exercise in insulin resistant rats.

Leptin and tumor necrosis factor--alpha(TNF-alpha) are important mediators of insulin resistance in obese subjects through their over-expression in adipose tissue. Secretion of leptin into the circulation is a signal for the brain in patients with hyperinsulinemia. Regulation of TNF-alpha affects adipocyte insulin sensitivity and lipid accumulation. Exercise training has been suggested for the prevention and treatment of such disorders. However, how exercise modifies secretion of leptin and TNF-alpha is not known. We investigated leptin and TNF-alpha in a rat model of insulin resistance induced by sucrose. After 4 weeks of sucrose feeding, 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running significantly reduced the concentrations of leptin in mesenteric (MS) and subcutaneous fat (SC) when compared to sedentary sucrose-feeding rats. These results suggest that exercise controls cytokine regulation of leptin and TNF-alpha. The increased TNF-alpha in adipose tissue may activate cytolysis for energy consumption.

Adipocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enzyme immunoassay for hen egg white lysozyme used as a food additive.

An indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay for hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) used as a food additive was investigated. Anti-HEL antibodies were obtained from B10A mouse ascites immunized by intraperitoneal injection of HEL. HEL samples to be assayed were extracted from foods with 1% gelatin in borate buffer. Goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L)-peroxidase complex was used as a second antibody, and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine was used as a substrate for the peroxidase. The working range for quantitative analysis was 1-50 ng/mL, because in this range the binding inhibition curve of anti-HEL antibodies to HEL-coated plates by HEL was linear. Even after losing the lysozyme activity by heat treatment, HEL could be detected by indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay. Recoveries of HEL by this assay were greater than 85% for Japanese noodles and Japanese traditional-style confectioneries, 53-95% for Miso and cooked beans, and 30-85% for fried fish pastes. HEL contents of 55 commercial foods were determined; HEL was detected in 19 samples in the range 25-20,000 ng/g. HEL as a food additive was detected more frequently in plant-derived foods than in foods of animal origin.

Animals↗
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Establishment of pharmacological doses of estrogen-dependent mammary tumors with estrogen and progesterone receptors.

A new mammary carcinoma (TF15) which was derived from ovary-dependent mammary carcinoma (TF4) and which was dependent on pharmacological doses of estrogen was established. TF15 grew well in ovariectomized rats given injections of 1mg 17 beta-estradiol but not in intact or ovariectomized rats with injections of 0,1, 10 or 100 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol. TF15 was found to be a secretory carcinoma and contained estrogen and progesterone receptors. In general, pharmacological doses of estrogen inhibit the growth of mammary carcinomas with estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) in humans and animals whether they are ovary-dependent or not (1-10). Recently, we obtained mammary carcinomas which are dependent on pharmacological doses of estrogen by subcutaneous implantation of explants from ovary-dependent mammary carcinomas (TF4) in female rats after ovariectomy and injections of low doses of estrogen. In the present paper, the biological, biochemical and morphological characteristics of these carcinomas are reported.

Animals↗
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Depression factors of neutrophil bactericidal activity with nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in surgical patients.

In this study, background factors were determined in 108 surgical patients who showed depression in phagocytic and bacteriocidal activity with nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test. Control subjects consisted of 4 healthy males and 4 healthy females whose age ranged from 25 to 38 years. The background factors associated with the depressed neutrophil phagocytic and bacteriocidal activity in surgical patients were renal insufficiency, liver cirrhosis, hypoproteinemia, diabetes mellitus, long-term administration of steroids and immunosuppressants, obesity, anemia, aging and malignant tumors. These depression factors closely resembled those generally considered to be involved in increased susceptibility to infections.

Adult↗
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Uptake and excretion of benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites by the rat pancreas.

Following intravenous administration of [3H]benzo[a]pyrene ([3H]BP) to rats, uptake of radioactivity by the pancreas, per g of tissue, was approximately 16% of that of the liver. At 5 min following administration, unmetabolized BP in the pancreas, liver, and blood constituted 79, 50, and 49% of total BP uptake, respectively. The total uptake and unmetabolized BP in these tissues declined in a biphasic manner over the 2-hr observation period, during which only 0.03% of the total administered dose was excreted in pancreatic juice, as compared to 39% in bile; all radioactivity in pancreatic juice and bile was due to polar BP metabolites, including 3-hydroxy-BP. Pretreatment of rats with methylcholanthrene induced a significant increase in biliary, but not pancreatic, excretion of radioactivity. Administration of secretagogues caused a 2-fold increase in pancreatic, but not biliary, radioactivity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Membranous glomerulonephritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

We investigated the cause of membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) in 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The class or stage of RA was diagnosed using the criteria of the American Rheumatism Association, and MGN was diagnosed using renal biopsy. Renal biopsy and laboratory findings, including serologic analysis, were evaluated. Eighteen patients had previously received one of the following antirheumatic agents: bucillamine (n = 13), D-penicillamine (n = 3), or gold (n = 2). The renal lesions of all 24 patients resembled lesions seen with idiopathic MGN on examination by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. We concluded that patients with RA are predisposed to develop MGN, whether or not they receive antirheumatic agents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the prevalence of posterior vitreous detachment in whites and Japanese.

The vitreous condition of healthy white (n = 551) and Japanese (n = 528) eyes were reviewed and compared with respect to the prevalence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the two groups. No white or Japanese patient 39 years of age or younger had PVD; the prevalence among those older than 39 increased with age in the fifth through the ninth decades, i.e., respectively, to 4%, 24%, 37% 59%, and 87% in the whites, and to 5%, 21%, 43%, 72%, and 82% in the Japanese. In none of these decades was there any significant difference between the prevalence of complete or partial PVD in the whites and the Japanese. This finding is significant because the vitreoretinal relationship influences the development and prognoses of the various vitreoretinal disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enzyme immunoassay for carminic acid in foods.

A competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for carminic acid was investigated. Monoclonal anticarminic acid antibody was obtained from A/J mice immunized with carminic acid-human immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugate. Carminic acid was extracted with distilled water from beverage, jelly, candy, pasta sauce, yogurt, or ice cream samples. Ham or fish paste samples were digested with pronase, then carminic acid was extracted from samples with sodium hydroxide solution. The extract was diluted more than 10-fold with 1% gelatin in borate buffer solution. Microtiter plates were coated with carminic acid-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate or just BSA. Goat anti-mouse IgG(H+L)-peroxidase complex was used as a second antibody, and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine was used as a substrate for the peroxidase. The working range for quantitative analysis was 0.3-10 ng/mL, and the detection limit was 0.2 micrograms/g original sample. Recoveries of carminic acid by this assay were > 95% for milk beverage and jelly, and > 85% for yogurt and fish paste. Carminic acid was detected in 7 of 26 red-colored commercial food products and ranged from 3.5 to 356 micrograms/g. This EIA system also responded to the structural analogue of carminic acid, laccaic acid.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic toxicity and tumorigenicity study of aluminum potassium sulfate in B6C3F1 mice.

The tumorigenic potential of aluminum potassium sulfate [A1K (SO4)2 12H2O, APS], a compound which exists widely in the environment, was investigated in B6C3F1 mice. APS was administered in the diet for 20 months at dose levels of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% (w/w). One group receiving the basal diet served as the control. Body weight gain in both sexes was decreased in the 10.0% APS treated group, and increased in the 1.0 and 2.5% APS treated groups. The survival rates at the end of the dosing period were 73.3% (male) and 78.3% (female) in the control group, and 86.7-95.0% (male) and 86.7-91.7% (female) in the APS treated groups. The survival rate showed a tendency to increase in both sexes in all the APS treated groups. In the tumor pathology, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly decreased in the males in the 10% APS treated group. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly decreased in females in all groups including the control group. As regards the nontumorous pathology, the incidence of myocardial eosinophilic cytoplasm showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in males in the APS treated groups. A comparison between the sexes revealed a significant decrease in the incidence of hepatocytic anisonucleosis, myocardial eosinophilic cytoplasm and acinar cell vacuolation of the submandibular gland in the females; and lymphocyte infiltration in renal cortex and pelvis, and vacuolation of cerebellar white matter were noted in the males. The results of the present study indicate that long-term administration of APS does not exert tumorigenic or any other toxic actions in B6C3F1 mice.

Alum Compounds↗
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Effect of harringtonine on apoptotic cell death and cell cycle progression in human leukemia HL60 cells.

The mechanism of cell killing induced by harringtonine (HT) was investigated in HL60 cells by metabolic labeling studies, light and transmission electron microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA and flow cytometry. At concentrations higher than 0.02 microM HT showed significant inhibition on cell growth and protein and DNA synthesis. Following exposure to HT, typical apoptotic cell death was observed from 1.5 to 4 h and it increased in both dose-and time-dependent fashion. This process was prevented by an intracellular calcium ion chelator. In addition, at 0.04 microM of HT the nonapoptotic cells delayed the progression of cell cycle through S and G2 phase and finally arrested in G1 phase. These results are important to understand the mechanism of action of HT and to improve the effect of HT in cancer chemotherapy.

Apoptosis↗
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Immunohistochemical studies of S-100 protein expression in myoepithelial cells of benign breast diseases and normal breast tissues.

We studied benign breast diseases using polyclonal anti S-100 protein and monoclonal anti a-subunit or beta-subunit of S-100 protein antibodies. The antibody gave positive staining in most of the cytoplasms and nuclei of the myoepithelial cells of normal breast tissues, gynecomastia, fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma and mastopathy. However, immunohistochemical methods using the monoclonal antibodies for them did not reveal positive staining in the myoepithelial cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗