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Biomedical subjects

A Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshida.

At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Deltoid contracture: a radiographic survey of bone and joint abnormalities.

We performed a radiographic survey on 12 shoulders in 11 patients with a contracture of the deltoid present since childhood (juvenile) but left untreated until adulthood and on 14 shoulders in 10 patients with the same disorder first developed in adulthood (adult type). The greater tuberosity was located either under or near the acromion in all but 1 shoulder. Flattening of the humeral head, a high-positioned greater tuberosity, posterior rotation and vertical disposition of the acromion, inferior angulation of the lateral clavicle, and anterosuperior subluxation of the humeral head were noted in 58%, 33%, 75%, 67%, and 8% of the juvenile cases, respectively. Scoliosis and narrowing of the thoracic cage were each detected in 36% of the patients with juvenile deltoid contracture. Six of the juvenile cases were treated surgically and followed-up for a lengthy period. In these cases, however, the abnormalities persisted, except for subluxation of the humeral head and abnormal proximity of the acromion and greater tuberosity. In the adult-type cases no abnormalities were observed except for scoliosis in 4 patients and anterosuperior subluxation of the humeral head in 1 shoulder. We conclude that treatment by surgical intervention should be performed at an age when spontaneous correction of the bone deformity can prevent future development of secondary arthrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aberrant muscle anterior to the shoulder joint: its clinical relevance.

Thirteen shoulders of 13 cases with aberrant muscle attached to the subscapularis encountered during surgery are described. The distal part of the subscapularis was completely or incompletely covered by aberrant muscle in all cases, and the anterior circumflex vessels were covered in 3 cases. Knowledge concerning these aberrant muscles is indispensable in minimizing confusion concerning surgical anatomy and in achieving adequate exposure of the shoulder during surgery while preserving the anterior circumflex artery, which constitutes the main nutrient vessel of the humeral head.

Female↗
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Nitric oxide synthesis in retinal photoreceptor cells.

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be synthesized in several tissues and to increase the formation of cyclic GMP through the activation of soluble guanylate cyclases. Since cyclic GMP plays an important role in visual transduction, we investigated the presence of nitric oxide synthesizing activity in retinal rod outer segments. Bovine rod outer segments were isolated intact and separated into membrane and cytosolic fractions. Nitric oxide synthase activity was assayed by measuring the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. Both membrane and cytosolic fractions were active in the presence of calcium and calmodulin. The activity in both fractions was stimulated by the nitric oxide synthase cofactors FAD, FMN, and tetrahydrobiopterin and inhibited by the L-arginine analog, L-monomethyl arginine. The Km for L-arginine was similar, about 5 microM for the enzyme in both fractions. However, the two fractions differed in their calcium/calmodulin dependence: the membrane fraction exhibited basal activity even in the absence of added calcium and calmodulin while the cytosolic fraction was inactive. But the activity increased in both fractions when supplemented with calcium/calmodulin: in membranes from about 40 to 110 fmol/min/mg of protein and in the cytosol from near zero to about 350 fmol/min/mg of protein in assays carried out at 0.3 microM L-arginine. The two enzymes also responded differently to detergent: the activity of the membrane enzyme was doubled by Triton X-100 while that of the cytosolic enzyme was unaffected. These results show that NO is produced by cytosolic and membrane-associated enzymes with distinguishable properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
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Metal concentrations in human pancreatic juice.

Concentrations of 11 metals (cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], copper [Cu], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn], cobalt [Co], chromium [Cr], nickel [Ni], zinc [Zn], magnesium [Mg], and calcium [Ca]) and protein in human pancreatic juice were studied. Human pancreatic juice was sampled by endoscopic cannulation after administration of secretin (intravenous [i.v.], 1 mu/kg). There were 19 subjects (11 males and 8 females) and the means of their ages were 50.3 yr (male, 20-68 yr) and 52.5 yr (female, 45-64 yr). Diagnoses were: normal, 5; early pancreatic cancer, 9; and chronic pancreatitis, 5. None had symptoms suggestive of disturbances in endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas. Concentrations of metals and protein in pancreatic juice did not change significantly between males and females or with pathological changes in the pancreas. Assuming the flow rate of pancreatic juice to be 1500-2000 ml/day, the daily excretions of metals into duodenum via pancreatic juice were calculated as follows (mumoles of metal/day): Cd, 0.012-0.012; Pb, 0.216-0.288; Cu, 6.20-8.26; Fe, 2.34-3.12; Mn, 0.100-0.133; Co, 0.165-0.220; Zn, 7.46-9.94; Cr, 0.084-0.112; Mg, 274.1-365.4; Ni, 1.64-2.18; and Ca, 0.221-0.295. Toxic (Cd and Pb) and essential metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni) are excreted daily into duodenum via pancreatic juice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiplex sequence-tagged site PCR for efficient screening of microdeletions in Y chromosome in infertile males with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia.

The multiplex STS-PCR method was used to detect microdeletions in the long arm of the Y chromosome (Yq) of cytogenetically normal men. One hundred infertile men with azoospermia or oligozoospermia were screened with the multiplex PCR method using 58 STSs, which are specific to Yq for detecting microdeletions on this chromosome. Correlations between the microdeletions on Yq and phenotypes of spermatogenetic disturbance were also examined. Ten patients (10%) had microdeletions on Yq. Seven of the 60 azoospermic patients (11.7%), and 3 of the 40 oligozoospermic patients (7.5%) had microdeletions on Yq. None of the patients showed microdeletions in the AZFa region, but 2 had deletions in the AZFb region, another 2 in the AZFc region, including DAZ, and 1 had deletions in both the AZFb and in the AZFc, including RBM and DAZ. Single microdeletions were found in 4 patients, all of them in the AZFc around DAZ, and 1 patient had 2 microdeletions in the AZFb. The improved multiplex STS-PCR method efficiently detected microdeletions in 10% of azoospermic or severe oligozoospermic men who were cytogenetically normal. All of these microdeletions were presented in the AZFb and/or AZFc regions. This suggests that these regions contain candidate genes for spermatogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of high-grade cervical disease with human papillomavirus detection in women with glandular and squamous cytologic abnormalities.

The objective of this study was to assess whether human papillomavirus (HPV) detection with hybrid capture II (HC II) can help predict the presence and the nature, glandular or squamous, of histologic cervical lesions in women referred due to atypical glandular cells (AGC) or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). A total of 247 women were included. Referral Pap smears comprised AGC (51 cases), AGC plus HSIL (28 cases), adenocarcinoma in situ (10 cases), and HSIL (158 cases). All patients were tested for high-risk HPV with HC II and had a histologic assessment of their cervix. Histologic analysis showed 38 women with (15.3%) cervicitis, 194 with (75.5%) squamous lesions, and 15 with (9.2%) glandular neoplasia. The overall rate of high-risk HPV detection was 77%. Almost 70% of AGC-HPV-negative patients did not have a pathologically proven cervical neoplasia, whereas 76% of women with AGC-HPV-positive result were diagnosed with a squamous or glandular neoplasia. Most (95%) of the lesions in patients with AGC-HSIL were of squamous nature, and HPV detection did not contribute to their differentiation from glandular lesions. We conclude that in women with AGC, HPV positivity strongly correlated with the presence of glandular or squamous cervical lesion but did not help distinguishing women with squamous from those with glandular neoplasia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Responses of plasma catecholamines, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and atrial natriuretic peptide to exercise in patients with essential hypertension.

Neurohormonal responses to exercise have not been studied fully in patients with essential hypertension (HT). This study determined if neurohormonal responses to exercise are altered between three subgroups of HT categorized by basal plasma renin activity (PRA). Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), PRA, angiotensin II (AII), and aldosterone were measured at rest and after submaximal treadmill exercise in 39 patients with essential HT (WHO classes I-II) and 13 controls. Patients with HT were divided into three subgroups based on the PRA level [low-renin (< 0.5) HT (n = 14), normal-renin (0.5-2.0) HT (n = 13), and high-renin (> 2.0) HT (n = 12)]. Patients with HT had higher blood pressure during exercise compared to controls, but blood pressure responses were similar among low-, normal-, and high-renin HT. Neurohormonal factors were comparable between all hypertensives and controls, except for higher plasma AII at rest in patients with HT. When neurohormones were compared among three subgroups of HT, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine responses were similar. Patients with high-renin HT had higher PRA and AII, and lower ANP levels at rest and after exercise. In all hypertensives, negative correlations were observed between resting PRA and resting ANP (r = -0.41, p < 0.01), as well as peak PRA and peak ANP (r = -0.33, p < 0.05). Thus, neurohormonal responses to exercise varied with similar cardiac responses among subgroups of essential HT stratified according to renin levels. Patients with high-renin HT had augmented renin-angiotensin system activity with a decrease in ANP levels both at rest and after exercise. A reciprocal relationship between renin-angiotensin system activity and ANP was observed both at rest and after exercise in HT.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abnormal cell differentiation and p21 expression of endometrial epithelial cells following developmental exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES).

Gene expression relevant to abnormal cell differentiation and altered cell cycle in endometrial epithelial cells was investigated immunohistochemically in developing mouse uteri exposed neonatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES). Female CD-1 mice were given daily s.c. injections of 2 microg of DES in corn oil or were given corn oil alone (control) at 1-5 days of age and euthanatized at 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, and 22 days of age. The endometrial epithelial cells of DES-treated mice at 5-8 days of age showed enhanced staining intensity for the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha), whereas the stromal cells showed decreased staining reaction; the epithelial cells showed that the protein encoded by the c-fos proto-oncogene, which plays a key role in regulating diverse estrogen-related cellular differentiation patterns, was enhanced. These cells also showed increased expression of lactoferrin, a sensitive protein marker of estrogen exposure, although the staining intensity decreased after exposure ended. The stain for p21 protein, a mitotic inhibitor which suppresses cyclin-dependent kinase activity, showed frequent positively stained cells in DES-treated mice at 5-15 days of age, whereas no accumulation of p53 protein of either wild or mutant type was detected immunohistochemically in these cells. These results indicate that suppressed cell cycle activity of endometrial epithelial cells and abnormal estrogen-related differentiation at the developmental stage following neonatal DES exposure may be caused, in part, by transient altered expression of ER alpha and expression of the p21 gene, which appears to be induced by a p53-independent mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of neonatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure on morphology and growth patterns of endometrial epithelial cells in CD-1 mice.

The effects of neonatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure on the morphology and proliferating patterns of endometrial epithelial cells were investigated at various stages of development in mice. Female CD-1 mice were given daily subcutaneous injections of 2 micrograms of DES in corn oil or corn oil alone (control) at 1-5 days of age and were killed at 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, and 22 days of age. At 5 days of age, the uteri of DES-treated mice had expanded lumina and undulated luminal surfaces lined by slightly elongated epithelial cells. At 6-8 days of age, marked infolding of clusters of hypertrophic elongated luminal epithelial cells was present; uteri had disorganized endometrial stromal and myometrial layers. At 15 and 22 days of age, the tissues from DES-treated mice had decreased numbers of endometrial glands, minimal stromal fibrosis, and smaller uterine horns than did the controls. Ultrastructurally, the endometrial epithelial cells of DES-treated mice at 5 and 8 days of age had distorted nuclei with condensed matrix and abundant secretory granules associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. At 8 days of age, an accumulation of fingerlike cytoplasmic processes that extended into the separated intercellular spaces and along the basal aspects of the endometrial epithelial cells were also observed. At 5-8 days of age, the proliferative activity of endometrial epithelial cells in DES-treated mice, identified by bromodeoxyuridine labeling, was significantly lower (10.5-1.7%) than that of the controls (25.5-19.8%). In situ analysis of endometrial luminal epithelial cells for DNA fragmentation representing apoptosis revealed < or = 0.1% and > 10% in the DES-treated and control mice at 5-8 days of age, respectively. The data show that cell cycle kinetics, in addition to changes in morphology, are altered in the developing mouse uterus following neonatal exposure to DES.

Animals↗
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Throwing fracture of the humeral shaft. An analysis of 90 patients.

Ninety patients with humeral shaft fractures sustained during throwing were analyzed to determine what caused their injuries. All patients were recreational baseball players: 89 were men and 1 was a woman. The average age was 25 years (range, 12 to 43). The throwing style, type of pitch, fielding position, and type of ball used varied; however, the patients sustained their fractures while performing a hard throw in 87 (97%) of the occurrences. The actual courses of the balls thrown ranged from sideways to straight forward. All fractures were external rotation spiral fractures; 25 patients (28%) had a medial butterfly fragment, and 14 patients (16%) had radial nerve palsy. Fractures were most likely to have occurred in the distal half of the humerus, although they occurred frequently in the proximal half in patients in their early teens. We conclude that 1) the fracture can occur at any time during the acceleration phase before ball release, 2) this type of fracture can occur in any recreational baseball player attempting to perform a hard throw, and 3) the cause of this fracture is the throwing action itself.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circulating leptin: a marker of health in female students.

We studied the relationship between serum leptin concentration and lifestyle factors in female nursing students. Serum leptin was estimated by radioimmunoassay and the correlation between these concentrations with serum lipids, physical fitness and Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile score was investigated. A total of 247 students took part in the study: mean age, 19.0 +/- 2.0 years; mean body mass index (BMI), 21.7 +/- 2.9 kg/m2; and mean serum leptin concentration, 10.8 +/- 11.5 ng/ml. Serum leptin was positively correlated with BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and serum triglyceride. Serum leptin level concentration inversely correlated with physical fitness score and lifestyle score. When the subjects were grouped according to BMI, the high-BMI group (BMI: > or = 24 kg/m2; n = 40) showed significantly lower fitness and lifestyle scores than the low-BMI group (BMI < or = 20 kg/m2; n = 70). Higher leptin, blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride were seen in high-BMI compared with low-BMI subjects. We suggest that leptin is a useful marker for monitoring good health and may be useful as a motivational aid towards achieving and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of steroids on lipopolysaccharide/interleukin 2-induced interleukin 18 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Interleukin (IL) 18, a powerful inducer of the immunoregulatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), presents upstream of the cytokine activation cascade in the inflammatory response. The anti-inflammatory properties of steroids permit their use in various conditions, although effects are transient and pathological states are not fully relieved by short-term steroidal use. We examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/IL-2 on the cytokine cascade in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also examined the effect of steroids on LPS/IL-2-induced cytokine production in human PBMCs taken from healthy volunteers. Cell-free supernatant fractions were assayed for IL-18, IL-12, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-10 protein, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and synergy between LPS and IL-2 in enhanced production of IL-18 was observed. Steroids suppressed the production of IL-18 and other secondary cytokines in LPS/IL-2-stimulated PBMCs, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, although inhibition was incomplete even at high concentrations. Effects of steroid treatment on expression of membrane-bound LPS receptor antigen (mCD14) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in PBMCs were studied by flow cytometric analysis. Steroid treatment up-regulated mCD14 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with no effect on ICAM-1 expression. These results suggest that the incomplete counteraction of steroids in the LPS/IL-2-initiating cytokine cascade is due, at least partly, to the up-regulation of mCD14 by steroid preparations, which increases susceptibility to bacterial endotoxins.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of Cushing's disease and multiple myeloma.

A 55-year-old female of Cushing's disease associated with multiple myeloma is reported. The association of the two diseases has not been previously noted. Elevated cortisol level was controlled successfully by low doses of adrenocorticolytic agent, o,p'-DDD. However, the exacerbation of multiple myeloma was found to accompany the serum cortisol normalization. Previous reports have shown the good efficacy of combination therapy with melphalan and prednisolone for multiple myeloma. It was suggested that the decrease of endogenous cortisol level might exacerbate the patient's multiple myeloma.

Cushing Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hamster nasal organ culture.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae was inoculated into organ cultures of hamster nasal mucosa and trachea in order to observe the growth curve of the organisms, changes in the ciliary activity, and histological findings. M. pneumoniae cells proliferated in the culture medium during the incubation. A relationship between the inoculum size of mycoplasmas and cilia-stopping effect was observed. Formalin-inactivated mycoplasmas did not affect the ciliary activity of nasal mucosa at all. Histopathologically, the epithelial cell layers were flattened and cilia were deficient in cultures showing high ciliary-stopping activities. Mycoplasmas were found to have been grown and attached to cilia and epithelial cells when examined by electron micrography. The nasal mucosa organ cultures were more sensitive to the cilia-stopping effect of M. pneumoniae than were the tracheal mucosa organ cultures. The relationship between the pathogenicity of M. pneumoniae in human sinusitis and their cilia-stopping effect on nasal mucosa is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atypical presentation of vertebral bone metastasis from lung cancer.

The authors describe a case of lung cancer in a 55-year-old man who complained of back pain. Initial isotopic bone scanning showed no abnormality, however, magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging revealed bone metastasis in thoracic vertebral bone. Even when there is no typical findings of metastasis in bone scintigraphy, MRI imaging would be useful if vertebral bone metastasis is suspected. MRI imaging is an important modality to evaluate extraosseous extension and marrow invasion of metastatic tumors.

Carcinoma, Large Cell↗
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A novel Philadelphia chromosome-positive cell line with multipotential properties.

A novel Philadelphia chromosome-positive cell line was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in megakaryoblastic crisis. This cell line, designated TN922 showed the positive phenotypes for myeloid, monocyte-macrophage, erythroid and megakaryocytic markers. The stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased the expression of megakaryocytic markers including the platelet peroxidase activity, dimethylsulfoxide or transforming growth factor-beta promoted up-regulation of the erythroid markers. Stimulation with PMA, tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-6 also brought about the expression of monocytoid markers. These findings indicated that TN922 cell line has the property of acting as multipotential progenitor cells. TN922 cells showed gradual growth in the absence of growth factors but the addition of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promoted cell growth. The message of GM-CSF was detected in TN922 cells and the neutralizing antibody against GM-CSF receptor alpha-subunit suppressed cell growth. These results indicated that TN922 cell line proliferates in an autocrine secretion of GM-CSF.

Aged↗