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Biomedical subjects

A Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshida.

At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Studies on the oligosaccharide chains of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor. II. Structure of oligosaccharides.

Human alpha 1-protease inhibitor has three oligosaccharide side chains attached to 3 separate asparaginyl residues of the protein by N-glycosyl linkages. Two of the three asparaginyl residues link mostly to the A-type oligosaccharide chains which consist of Man3, Gal2, (GlcNAc)4 and (NeuAc)2. One of the three asparaginyl residues also attaches to a B-type oligosaccharide chain, which consists of Man3, Gal3, (GlcNAc)5, and (NeuAc)3. The ratio of A-chain to B-chain in this particular position is about 2:1. The structures of A- and B-chains of the glycoprotein were examined by periodate oxidation, sequential glycosidase digestion, and permethylation. The results unequivocally revealed the following structure for A-chains. (Formula: see text). B-type oligosaccharide chains have an additional trisaccharide, i.e. NeuAc 2 alpha leads to 3 Gal 1 beta leads to 4 GlcNAc attached to mannose at the (a) and/or (b) position of A-type chains by a beta 1 leads to 4 linkage. The sialic acid of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor was determined to be N-acetylneuraminic acid.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1980

A scanning electron microscope study of myoepithelial cells in exocrine glands.

By removing connective tissue components with enzymatic digestion followed by HCl-hydrolysis, myoepithelial cells (MECs) of the terminal portion in a variety of exocrine glands of the rat were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The profile of MECs varied considerably from gland to gland; MECs in the lactating mammary gland have a few long cytoplasmic processes in close contact with those of adjacent cells forming a continuous network around the terminal portion. Those of the exorbital lacrimal gland are stellate with many thin radiating processes with tapered ends that terminate freely. MECs in the sublingual gland are characterized by a number of broad and extensive cellular processes. MECs in the submandibular gland are similar in appearance to those of the exorbital lacrimal gland, but with more extensive cellular processes that form a more or less continuous network with those of the adjacent cells. No MECs were observed on the terminal portion of the parotid gland where the cells appear to be lodged on the intercalated duct. The relative surface area covered by MECs per terminal portion was also found to vary significantly, being 24% in the lactating mammary, 17% in the exorbital lacrimal, 48% in the sublingual, and 25% in the submandibular glands. The findings are discussed in relation to the physical properties of secretions in different glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Serum alpha-fetoprotein-positive gastric carcinoid with liver metastasis.

The patient was a 60-year-old Japanese male. He complained of epigastralgia and right chest pain of 4 month's duration, and general malaise, nausea and vomiting of 2 month's duration. Physical examination revealed on the right third rib a tender mass with a diameter of 2 cm and hepatomegaly with a multi-nodular surface and red palms. There were no signs of carcinoid syndrome, such as cutaneous flushing. Laboratory examinations disclosed certain biochemical alterations; alkaline phosphatase 810 IU/l, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) 2090 IU/l, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 23.5 ng/ml and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 6,800 ng/ml. Both HBs-Ag and HBs-Ab were negative. The patient died in a uremic state, with rapid increases of jaundice and ascites. Autopsy revealed gastric carcinoid with extensive metastases to the liver and the bone marrow. Tumor cells showed argyrophilia but not argentaffinity. Immunofluorescence specific for AFP was positive in the hepatocytes, particularly those adjacent to the metastatic tumor cells but not in the tumor cells, either primary or secondary. 79 cases reported in Japan of serum AFP-positive malignant tumor other than hepatocellular carcinoma and certain other malignancies of germ cell origin are reviewed and discussed.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1980

The effects of intravenously administered chlorophyll-A on naturally occurring serum protease inhibitors in rabbits.

Effects of intravenously administered protease inhibitors on naturally occurring serum inhibitors were investigated in rabbits. Water-dispersed chlorophyll-a, trasylol and leupeptin were tested as exogenous protease inhibitors in the experiments. From the results of experiments, it was concluded that: 1) Pretreatment with chlorophyll-a infusion into rabbits, most effectively prevented the rapid consumption of naturally occurring serum protease inhibitors after successive trypsin infusion, and the duration of its action was observed longest when compared with other exogenous inhibitors, such as trasylol or leupeptin. 2) Final therapeutic effects of these exogenous protease inhibitors seem to have depended upon the disappearing way of the administered inhibitors from the blood in certain period of time, as well as upon biochemical potency of their inhibiting activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Therapeutic effect of chlorophyll-a in the treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis.

The favorable clinical effects of water-soluble form of chlorophyll-a in the treatment of patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis are described. 1) 34 cases were treated with chlorophyll-a infusion and fairly favorable effect was obtained in 23 cases and some favorable effect, in 9 cases. 2) The most disgusting symptom of pancreatitis, the abdominal pain disappeared in a week or so with infusion of 5--20 mg of chlorophyll-a per day for 1--2 weeks, in all the effective cases. 3) Patients have become well controlled by intermittent administration of chlorophyll-a, even when they had recurrences. 4) 5 cases which had difficulty in the treatment by trasylol, were also successfully treated with chlorophyll-a. 5) In all the cases treated with chlorophyll-a, no unfavorable side-effect, such as of allergic, or photosensitive, or hepatotoxic nature, was hitherto observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Scanning electron microscopy of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in the female Sprague-Dawley rat.

The surface morphology of normal mammary glands and mammary carcinomas was examined under the scanning electron microscope after digestion of connective tissue and the basal lamina with collagenase, hyaluronidase and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Two types of cells were clearly identified in the acini of normal glands; granular epithelial cells and stellate myoepithelial cells. Spindle-shaped myoepithelial cells lying longitudinally along the mammary ducts were also recognized. 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinomas consisted of irregular masses of cells which had polypoid or columnar processes with rounded heads; the masses appeared to be composed of a single type of rhomboid cell. The tumors lacked the stellate or spindle-shaped myoepithelial cells found in normal acini and ducts.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1980

Hydranencephaly in twins.

The sixth case of hydranencephaly in a twin is reported. The patient is an 11-year-old girl, and her twin was stillborn and macerated. Intrauterine disseminated intravascular coagulation may be the cause of hydranencephaly in this patient.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1980

Multiple components of blood group A and B antigens in human erythrocyte membranes and their difference between A1 and A2 status.

Human type O erythrocyte membranes were converted to type A1 by purified human A1-enzyme, to type A2 by purified human A2-enzyme, and to type B by purified human B-enzyme in the presence of radioactive sugar donors (i.e., UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine for A-enzyme and UDP-galactose for B-enzyme, respectively). Type A2 erythrocyte membranes were also converted to type A1 by purified A1-enzyme A1-enzyme. The labeled blood group antigens (A1, A2, and B) thus produced were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and by isoelectric focusing. It was demonstrated that blood group antigens on erythrocyte membranes are mostly (greater than 80%) glycolipid, not glycoprotein. The blood group glycolipids were presumably conjugated with other membrane materials and formed three major components in type A1 and type B erythrocyte membranes. However, two of the three components were absent in type O erythrocyte membranes converted to type A2. These results indicate the heterogeneity of blood group components in erythrocytes membranes and the qualitative difference between A1 and A2 antigens on these membranes.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1980

Molecular abnormality of phosphoglycerate kinase-Uppsala associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia.

Inherited deficiency of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK; ATP:3-phosphoglycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) is associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and mental disorders in man. One such variant, PGK-Uppsala, was purified to homogeneity. PGK-Uppsala had a lower-than-normal specific activity (30% of normal in the backward reaction and about 20% of normal in the forward reaction) and higher-than-normal Michaelis constants for ATP, ADP, 3-phosphoglycerate and 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. Peptide mapping analysis revealed that the structural abnormality of PGK-Uppsala is a single amino acid substitution from arginine to proline at the 206th position. Based on the known complete amino acid sequence of the normal human PGK and the three-dimensional model deduced from horse PGK, correlations between the structural and functional abnormalities of PGK-Uppsala are discussed. Structural abnormalities of PGK-II, which is an electrophoretic variant not associated with enzyme deficiency, and PGK-München, which is associated with enzyme deficiency and heat instability but not associated with hemolytic anemia, are also discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Effects of supplementation and depletion of a single essential amino acid on hepatic polyribosome profile in rats.

The effects of supplementation and depletion of one essential amino acid on hepatic polysome profile of rats were investigated in the meal-feeding condition. Only methionine supplementation to a protein-free diet reduced the population of monosomes and disomes per total profile. The single supplementation of other essential amino acids did not change the polysome profile as compared with the protein-free diet group. The results suggested that, when rats were fed a protein-free diet, methionine is the first limiting amino acid for liver protein synthesis. In the case of depletion of one essential amino acid (tryptophan, methionine-cystine, threonine, phenylalanine-tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine), the values of monosomes and disomes per total ribosomes of rats were significantly higher than that of rats fed a complete amino acid mixture diet. In rats tube-fed the threonone-deficient diet three times a day for 3 or 5 days, the polysomes in liver were aggregated heavier than those of rats that received a complete diet. These results indicated that, under meal-feeding condition which may be considered more a physiological condition than force-feeding, the deficiency of single essential amino acid generally causes the disaggregation of hepatic polysomes leading the decreased synthesis of hepatic proteins.

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMed1980

Relationships between nutritional quality of dietary proteins and hepatic polyribosome profiles in rats.

Rats were adapted to a feeding period of 5 hours per day and meal-fed a diet containing 10% casein, wheat-gluten, corn-gluten, soya protein, gelatin or whole egg protein as a source of protein. The aggregation of hepatic polyribosomes was highest with whole egg protein as the protein source, followed by casein, soya protein, corn-gluten, wheat-gluten and gelatin in that order. The supplementation of each limiting amino acid to each dietary protein caused more aggregation of hepatic polyribosomes as compared with each non-supplemented diet. These differences of the aggregation of hepatic polyribosomes were closely correlated with their proportion of fullness of the limiting amino acid toward the requirement for maximum growth in young rats and with the biological value for these proteins. These results suggest that the polyribosome profile might directly reflect the hepatic protein synthesis in vivo and could be used as an index of nutritional evaluation of dietary proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of dietary proteins and amino acid deficiencies on urinary excretion of nitrogen and the urea synthesizing system in rats.

A mechanism of regulation in urea biosynthesis under conditions of varying dietary protein quality was investigated in rats adapted to 10% protein diets. A reverse correlation was observed between activities of urea cycle enzymes and urinary excretion of urea under these conditions. The concentrations of several non-essential amino acids in livers of rats fed a 10% gluten diet significantly increased as compared with those of rats fed a 10% whole egg protein diet without change in ornithine concentration. The contents of threonine, serine and ornithine in livers of rats fed a methionine-free diet were higher than those of rats fed a basal diet. The capacity of urea synthesis in vivo of rats fed gluten or a methionine-free amino acid mixture was the same as that of rats fed whole egg protein or basal amino acid mixture. The results suggest that under conditions of varying dietary protein quality, the liver level of free amino acids may regulate mainly the rate of urea synthesis without changes in activities of urea cycle enzymes and that the concentrations of ornithine in addition to free amino acids in liver may play an important role in an increase of urea synthesis in the methionine-deficiency.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Effect of dietary level of protein on liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes, urinary ascorbic acid and lipid metabolism in rats fed PCB-containing diets.

Effects of dietary level of protein on liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system, lipids and urinary ascorbic acid metabolism were studied in the rats fed 0.1% polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) containing diets. In the rats not receiving PCB, the activity of the enzyme system increased as the protein level was increased up to around 35%. In a short-term experiment (8-9 days), dietary PCB caused an increase in the activity of the enzyme system regardless of dietary level of protein. In a semi-long term experiment (29-30 days), however, 35-55% protein diets did not allow for induction to the same extent. As a result the highest activity was observed with 10-20% protein diets in this period. The increments in urinary ascorbic acid and in serum cholesterol were generally potentiated with high-protein diets. Maximum increments in urinary ascorbic acid and serum cholesterol were obtained with 20% protein and 35% protein, respectively, in the semi-long term experiment. In contrast to serum cholesterol, the accumulation of liver cholesterol and triglyceride due to PCB was markedly potentiated with low-protein diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Blood group glycosyltransferase activities in plasma from blood chimera subjects.

Blood group glycosyltransferases (A and B) in plasma are mainly derived from other tissues, not from bone marrow where the blood group substances are synthesized. Therefore, it is possible to determine the original blood type of host subject and grafted cells by examining the enzyme activity in plasma from a chimera subject. Subject WD had 75-85% of O type cells and 15-25% of A1 type cells. A1 enzyme activity of the subject's plasma was the same as control A1 plasma, suggesting that subject WD is genetically A1O or A1A1 and O red cells are produced by OO bone marrow cells acquired in utero. Another subject EA has about 85% of B type and 15% of A1B type red cells. B enzyme activity of the subject's plasma is normal, but A enzyme activity is only 20% of normal level. Subject EA must be genetically BO or BB, and A gene is restricted to bone marrow cells acquired.

ABO Blood-Group System↗