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Biomedical subjects

A Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshida.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Adamantinoma of the tibia -- a case report and a statistical review of reported cases.

A case of adamantinoma of the tibia is reported. A 70-year-old man complained of a painful swelling over the lower front of the right tibia. Roentgenograms showed an oval well-circumscribed, multilocular cystic lesion. Curettage and bond grafting were performed, and 17 months later the patient is in good condition. Microscopically the tumor tissue consisted mainly of epithelial islands with an palisading at the periphery and a loose reticular pattern in the center of the tumor cell nests, showing a close resemblance to the ameloblastoma of the jaw bones. Electron micrographs revealed the epithelial nature of the tumor cells, l.e., a continuous basal lamina, desmosomes and bundles of microfilaments, probable tonofilaments. One hundred fifty six cases of this peculiar primary skeletal bone tumor previously reported in the literature were reviewed and discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Analysis of pressure profile in the occluded airway obtained at the beginning of inspiration in steady state hypercapnia.

Using the steady state CO2 response test, we measured inspiratory mouth occlusion pressure and ventilatory volume in 38 normal subjects. At each degree of hypercapnia, 5 occlusion trials were performed. Occlusion pressure (Pt) and the timed differentials (dp/dtt) measured at 0.025-s intervals from the onset of inspiration until 0.2 s, dp/dt at 1 cmH2O pressure (dp/dt1 cmH2O), and peak dp/dt (dp/dtpeak) were determined. To evaluate the usefulness of these indexes, coefficients of variation and correlation coefficients with VT, normalized VE (VN), PACO, and inspiratory flow without occlusion were calculated. Coefficients of variation in Pt decreased with time from the onset of inspiration, being lowest at P.2. In contrast, those for dp/dtt were lowest at 0.075 sec, and thereafter rapidly increased. Correlation coefficients between Pt and respiratory parameters were high (0.94 to 0.98) for most times except at the very beginning of inspiration. Those between dp/dt and respiratory parameters were somewhat lower (0.91 to 0.97). Correlation of tidal volume with occlusion pressure was poor, thus the occlusion analysis was considered inappropriate to evaluate tidal volume output.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on myocardial infarction and myocardial blood flow following experimental coronary artery occlusion.

To determine the therapeutic effects of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution, 5 control dogs and 5 GIK-treated dogs were investigated 24 hours after coronary artery occlusion by use of myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CK) activity and myocardial thallium-201 uptake. There was no significant difference in myocardial blood flow estimated by thallium-201 uptake between the control and the GIK group, but myocardial CK activity in the ischemic zone of GIK-treated animals was significantly higher than that of the control group. This suggests that administration of GIK solution is effective in protecting myocardial tissue in the central ischemic area and that this protecting action of GIK seems to be independent of myocardial blood flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Relative contributions of chemical and non-chemical drives to the breath-holding time in breath-hold divers (Ama).

Relative contributions of chemical and non-chemical respiratory stimulations to breath-holding time (BHT) were examined in assisted (Funado) and unassisted (Kachido) breath-hold divers (Ama). In the Funado the magnitude of the chemical contribution was reduced, though statistically not significantly. On the other hand, in the Kachido no difference in chemical contribution was seen from the control. This was considered to be due to the fact that ventilatory response to CO2 was reduced in the Funado, but not in the Kachido. Despite the decreased contribution of CO2 drive to BHT, absolute BHT in the Funado was no prolonged. This may be related to sensitization of the respiratory centers to non-chemical stimulation. Such adaptation would be effective for preventing the danger of losing consciousness in the Funado who face extreme hypoxia on returning to the surface from a dive.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1981

The ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in the Ama.

The ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia of 5 Amas (Kachido) were compared with those of 5 controls of similar ages, physical characteristics and lung volumes. The responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were analyzed by the equations originally proposed [a] by Lloyd et al. and [b] by Kronenberg et al. as follows: (See the formula in the text) The CO2-response slope in hyperoxia, D, of the Ama (1.820 +/- 0.441 liters . min-1 . Torr-1) was slightly higher than that of the control (1.148 +/- 0.586 liters . min-1 . Torr-1), but the difference was not significant. However, the slope of CO2-response in hypoxia at PETO2 = 44 Torr, S44, was almost the same in the two groups (Ama, 1.822 +/- 0.689 liters . min-1 . Torr-1; control, 1.742 +/- 0.902 liters . min-1 . Torr-1). The ratio of S44 to D was significantly lower (p greater than 0.05) in the Ama (1.039 +/- 0.377) than in the control (1.529 +/- 0.249). Comparing the hypoxic response in terms of the ventilation ratio (VR), the elevation of ventilation with augmentation of hypoxia in the Ama was exceeded by that in the control. Thus, it was suggested that the difference in the ventilatory response to hypoxia between the Ama (Kachido) and the control may have been derived from the respiratory adaptation of the Ama (Kachido) acquired by their daily diving activities.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1981

Genetic mechanism of blood group (ABO)-expression.

It has generally been believed that human blood group ABO is controlled by allelic ABO genes. However, this hypothesis has not yet been experimentally proven, and other possibilities such as the non-allelic gene model and the regulatory gene model for ABO locus have also been proposed. The genetic mechanisms of many unusual blood group expressions remain unanswered. Purification of human blood group N-acetylgalactosyltransferase (A-enzyme) which synthesizes A-substance, and blood group galactosyltransferase which is responsible for synthesis of B-substance, allows us to resolve these problems from an immuno-biochemical approach. It was found that rabbit antibody against-A-enzyme completely neutralized not only A-enzyme but also B-enzyme activity. Moreover, plasma from blood type O subjects contained an enzymatically inactive but immunologically cross-reactive material (CRM). Plasma from heterozygous AO and BO subjects also contained CRM, but plasma from homozygous AA and BB subjects did not contain CRM. These facts led us to conclude that the ABO genes are allelic in the strict sense, refuting other genetic models for ABO locus. Genotypes of phenotype A and B subjects can be unequivocally determined by examining the presence or absence of CRM in their plasma. Mechanism of the unusual blood group inheritance of Cis-AB (i.e., AB and/or O childbirth from AB X O parent) was elucidated by examining properties of the A and B enzymes, CRM in their plasma, and separation of active enzymes and CRM by affinity chromatography. It became clear that Cis-AB expressions in one family was due to unequal chromosomal crossing-over producing a single chromosome with the genes for A and B enzymes. In contrast, in the other two unrelated families, the Cis-AB expression was due to a structural mutation in A or B gene producing a single abnormal enzyme which was capable of transferring both GalNAc and Gal to H-substance. Mechanism of very weak B expression in a family with A1Bm character was studied. Plasma enzyme activity and kinetic characteristics of B-enzyme from the subjects was not different from that of normal. However, the A1Bm red cells contained a large amount of unoccupied H-sites which can be galactosylated in vitro and become B active. Examination of membrane components by isoelectric focussing revealed that blood group components of the A1Bm membranes were distinctively different from that of the usual membranes. Consequently, the weak B expression is not due to direct mutation of ABO locus, but due to a secondary consequence of genetic abnormality of a membrane component (or components) associated with blood group substances.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Immunological Considerations in patients with tonsillar lesions.

No abolition of functions from the clinical aspect was detected in most patients with tonsillectomies or adenotomies although there are some reports that tonsillectomy increases the susceptibility to subsequent development of Hodgkin's disease by 2.9 fold. Sequential investigations on the responsiveness of lymphocytes to various mitogens, and quantitative estimations of immunoglobulins and other humoral factors were carried out in 54 tonsillectomized and/or adenotomized patients of either sex between the ages of 4 and 55. The present findings showed abnormalities in lymphocyte responses to mitogens and the production of humoral factors in a few young patients post operatively, although they were not detected in adult patients during sequential observations.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1980

Complete amino acid sequence of human phosphoglycerate kinase. Isolation and amino acid sequence of tryptic peptides.

As a part of the elucidation of the complete amino acid sequence of human phosphoglycerate kinase, 46 tryptic peptides, ranging in length from 1 to 26 residues, were isolated and characterized from the reduced and S-carboxymethylated enzyme. The isolated peptides were subjected to sequence analysis by the modified dansyl-Edman degradation procedure and automated Edman degradation technique. The results, together with the data on cyanogen bromide peptides and two additional tryptic peptides from cyanogen bromide peptides reported in the accompanying paper, established the complete amino acid sequence of human erythrocyte phosphoglycerate kinase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Complete amino acid sequence of human phosphoglycerate kinase. Cyanogen bromide peptides and complete amino acid sequence.

Cyanogen bromide treatment of reduced, S-carboxymethylated phosphoglycerate kinase yielded 14 major peptides, CNBr-1 (20 residues), CNBr-2 (8 residues), CNBr-3 (33 residues), CNBr-4 (11 residues), CNBr-5 (104 residues), CNBr-6 (14 residues), CNBr-7 (37 residues), CNBr-8 (7 residues), CNBr-9 (6 residues), CNBr-10 (11 residues), CNBr-11 (19 residues), CNBr-12 (42 residues), CNBr-13 (44 residues), and CNBr-14 (61 residues). The amino acid sequences of all the cyanogen bromide peptides were determined by a combination of automated and manual sequence analysis, and the characterization of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides and peptides obtained by digestion with staphylococcal protease. Two tryptic peptides which were not obtained by direct digestion of whole phosphoglycerate kinase were recovered from cyanogen bromide Peptides CNBr-13 and CNBr-14 and these peptides were purified and sequenced. Based on the information from all the tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides derived from the enzyme, the proper alignment of these peptides was made. Thus, complete amino acid sequence of human phosphoglycerate kinase consisting of 417 amino acid residues was determined.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

A single amino acid substitution (Asp leads to Asn) in a phosphoglycerate kinase variant (PGK München) associated with enzyme deficiency.

The structural abnormality of the phosphoglycerate kinase variant, PGK München, associated with red cell enzyme deficiency and heat instability, was elucidated by a microscale peptide-mapping method. A single amino acid substitution, from aspartic acid in the normal enzyme to asparagine in the variant enzyme, was found. From the known amino acid sequence of normal human phosphoglycerate kinase, the substitution is in the aspartic acid residue located at 268th position from the NH2-terminal of the protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the oligosaccharide chains of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor. I. Isolation of glycopeptides.

Cyanogen bromide fragments of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (PI) were chromatographed on Sephadex G-75. Three fragments (CNBr-I, -II, and -III) contained carbohydrates with nearly the same composition, i.e. Man3, Gal2-3, (GlcNAc)4-5, and (NeuAc)2-3. These three fragments were digested with pronase, and the glycopeptides were purified by column chromatography on Sephadex G-50, Bio-Gel P-4, and DEAE-cellulose. The carbohydrate and amino acid compositions of the glycopeptides obtained by these treatments demonstrated that oligosaccharide side chains are attached to three asparaginyl residues which are located in separate regions of the polypeptide chain, and that the carbohydrate chains are made of two different carbohydrate compositions. The A-chain consists of Man3, Gal2, (GlcNAc)4, and (NeuAc)2, and the B-chain consists of Man3, Gal3, (GlcNAc)5, and (NeuAc)3. CNBr-III contained only A-type oligosaccharide while CNBr-II contained both A-type and B-type oligosaccharides in a ratio of about 2:1. CNBr-I, derived from the NH2 terminus of PI, contained mainly A-type, but also some B-type oligosaccharide.

Amino Acids↗