Carcinoma of the cystic duct: a case report.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Biomedical subjects
A Yoshida
Publications and source records attributed to A Yoshida.
Determination of homovanillic acid in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Enzymatic activity of atypical Oriental types of aldehyde dehydrogenases.
Catalytic activity of the atypical Oriental-type aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) was considered to be null or severely diminished. Recently it was suggested that the atypical ALDH2(2) retained about 30% of the specific activity of the usual ALDH2(1). We reexamined the problem by two-dimensional crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The usual Caucasian livers exhibited two distinctive precipitin peaks, one corresponding to the cytosolic ALDH1 and the other corresponding to the usual mitochondrial ALDH2(1), in both protein stain and enzyme activity stain. In contrast, the atypical Oriental livers exhibited two precipitin peaks in protein stain, but only one peak, corresponding to ALDH1, in enzyme activity stain. These results support the original notion that the atypical ALDH2(2) is enzymatically inactive or far less active than the usual enzyme, refuting the idea of the atypical ALDH2(2) with substantial enzyme activity.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase↗
Vitreous fluorophotometry in diabetics: study of artifactual contributions.
A vitreous fluorophotometry study was performed on normal and diabetic subjects, with particular emphasis on instrumentation characterization (calibration and detection characteristics, axial resolution and intraocular optics). The role of lens fluorescence and post-lenticular spread function was explored, as well as the role of retinal fluorescence and pre-retinal spread function. Their influence on vitreous readings is discussed and the study of artifactual contributions presented.
Diabetes Mellitus↗
Molecular cloning and structure of an autosomal processed gene for human phosphoglycerate kinase.
The human genome contains several DNA sequences homologous to cDNA for X-linked phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). In the course of screening a genomic library containing a mutant gene for X-linked PGK (PGK-Matsue), we obtained a recombinant clone that cross-hybridizes to PGK cDNA. Restriction analysis suggests that the clone overlaps with a clone previously found to originate from chromosome 6, and which has been suggested to code for testis-specific PGK [Szabo et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81 (1984) 3167-3169]. The DNA fragment we have cloned contains 1252 bp that are homologous to the coding part of human PGK cDNA, and has an initiation codon, an in-phase termination codon, direct flanking repeats, and no introns. The maximum homology between the DNA and PGK cDNA is 85% at the coding nucleotide level, and it is 86.2% at the translated protein level; homology is also found in their 3'-flanking sequences and adenine-rich tails. These results suggest that the cloned DNA is most likely a processed pseudogene for PGK located on chromosome 6.
Base Sequence↗
Retinal circulatory changes related to retinopathy progression in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
To quantify the vascular deterioration of the diabetic retina, retinal circulatory changes in 45 insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and in 17 normal controls, were measured and divided into four groups according to severity of retinopathy. The noninvasive laser Doppler technique was used to measure the systolic/diastolic variation of red blood cell velocity (V) at sites along temporal retinal arteries. Flow pulsatility [V (systole)/V (diastole)] was 18% lower (P less than 0.00001) in the mild-retinopathy group than in normal controls, but 35% higher (P less than 0.001) in the severe-retinopathy group than in the mild-retinopathy group. Repeated measurements in three eyes during the progression from mild or moderate to severe retinopathy showed progressive increases in both flow pulsatility and mean retinal blood flow. Altered flow pulsatility appears to be a sensitive indicator of vascular alterations during the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Adult↗
Cloning of cDNAs for human aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 and 2.
Partial cDNA clones encoding human cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1) and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) were isolated from a human liver cDNA library constructed in phage lambda gt11. The expression library was screened by using rabbit antibodies against ALDH1 and ALDH2. Positive clones thus obtained were subsequently screened with mixed synthetic oligonucleotides compatible with peptide sequences of ALDH1 and ALDH2. One of the positive clones for ALDH1 contained an insertion of 1.6 kilobase pairs (kbp). The insert encoded 340 amino acid residues and had a 3' noncoding region of 538 bp and a poly(A) segment. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence coincided with the reported amino acid sequence of human ALDH1 [Hempel, J., von Bahr-Lindström, H. & Jörnvall, H. (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 141, 21-35], except that valine at position 161 in the previous amino acid sequence study was found to be isoleucine in the deduced sequence. Since the amino acid sequence of ALDH2 was unknown, 33 tryptic peptides of human ALDH2 were isolated and sequenced. Based on the amino acid sequence data thus obtained, a mixed oligonucleotide probe was prepared. Two positive clones, lambda ALDH2-21 and lambda ALDH2-36, contained the same insert of 1.2 kbp. Another clone, lambda ALDH2-22, contained an insert of 1.3 kbp. These two inserts contained an overlap region of 0.9 kbp. The combined cDNA contained a sequence that encodes 399 amino acid residues, a chain-termination codon, a 3' untranslated region of 403 bp, and a poly(A) segment. The deduced amino acid sequence was compatible with the amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides. The degree of homology between human ALDH1 and ALDH2 is 66% for the coding regions of their cDNAs and 69% at the protein level. No significant homology was found in their 3' untranslated regions.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase↗
Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA for human alcohol dehydrogenase.
We have cloned a full-length cDNA coding for human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) from a human liver cDNA library constructed in phage lambda gt11. The library was screened by using a rabbit antibody against human ADH as a first probe, by the modified method of Young and Davis [Young, R. A. & Davis, R. W. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 1194-1198]. Mixed 14-mer synthetic oligonucleotides encoding Asp-Asp-His-Val-Val and Gln-Cys-Gly-Lys-Cys were used as a second probe. These amino acid sequences are considered to be common in all three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) controlled by the ADH1, ADH2, and ADH3 loci. Ten lambda gt11 recombinants of 35 positive plaques obtained by antibody screening contained inserted cDNAs of 1.5-2.4 kilobase pairs and were found to exhibit positive signals by hybridization with synthetic probes. One of them, with an inserted cDNA of 1631 base pairs, contained a sequence that encodes 374 amino acid residues of the human beta 1 subunit, a chain initiation codon, a chain termination codon, and additional 3' and 5' untranslated regions. A complete amino acid sequence of the human beta 1 subunit was deduced from the cDNA.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
Requirement for ascorbic acid in a rat mutant unable to synthesize ascorbic acid.
The activities of several enzymes involved in hepatic ascorbic acid synthesis and the requirement of dietary ascorbic acid were investigated in the OD (osteogenic disorder) rat, which has a hereditary defect in ascorbic acid-synthesizing ability. No activity of hepatic L-gulonolactone oxidase was detected in OD rats. However, OD rats maintained the normal activities of hepatic UDPglucose dehydrogenase, UDPglucuronyl transferase and beta-glucuronidase. Hemorrhage in muscle and leg joints, lower hepatic content of cytochrome P-450 and lower activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, higher serum and adrenal levels of corticosterone and lower urinary excretion of hydroxyproline were observed in ascorbic acid-deficient OD rats than in OD rats fed 300 mg ascorbic acid/kilogram diet. Consequently, we conclude that OD rats cannot synthesize ascorbic acid because of the lack of activity of hepatic L-gulonolactone oxidase and that the dietary addition of about 300 mg ascorbic acid (per kilogram diet) is enough to prevent signs of vitamin C deficiency and to achieve maximum growth, and that more than 300 mg ascorbic acid per kilogram diet may be required for the maximum activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Adrenal Glands↗
Circular dichroic and fluorometric studies on the acid-induced isomerization of bovine plasma albumin--1 -anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate complex.
The acid-induced isomerization (the N-F transition) and expansion of bovine plasma albumin--1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate complex, BPA-ANS1.0 complex (molar ratio of added ANS to BPA = 1.0) were studied by measuring fluorescence and induced CD spectra of ANS. Decrease in the reciprocal of fluorescence polarization, increase in fluorescence intensity and blue shift of fluorescence of ANS in BPA-ANS1.0 complex were correlated with the initial part of the N-F transition and/or the N-F1 transition. Induced CD spectra of ANS showed positive bands at 250-258 and 320-350 nm and one negative band at 280 nm. Most of changes (decreases) in -[theta]280 were also correlated with the initial part of the N-F transition and/or the N-F1 transition. Changes in fluorescence parameters and induced CD spectra of ANS (-[theta]280) might indicate the conformational changes around a strong ANS binding site in the N-terminal domain (Reed et al. (1975), Jonas & Weber (1970) and Brown & Shockley (1982].
Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates↗
Nonchromaffin paraganglioma in the nose and paranasal sinuses.
Nonchromaffin paraganglioma occurring in the nose and paranasal sinuses are extremely rare. The authors have experienced a case of nonchromaffin paraganglioma of nasal cavity which extended to the epipharynx. To our knowledge, this reported case is the fourth case that has appeared in the world literature. The patient, a 31-year-old female, had complained of a right nasal obstruction and mucopurulent rhinorrhea for two years. The right nasal cavity was filled with a polypoid mass showing no bleeding tendency or necrosis. Radiographs revealed a homogeneous shadow which occupied the entire nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Histopathological studies revealed that the tumor showed typical findings of nonchromaffin paraganglioma and neurosecretory granules in cytoplasm were observed by electron microscopic study. Subsequently, the tumor recurred at on the posterior epipharyngeal wall after a duration of one year and three months, and was removed completely. Since then, there was no recurrence of the tumor until the present time.
Adult↗
Primary systemic amyloidosis with severe cardiac amyloidosis.
An autopsy case of primary systemic amyloidosis with severe cardiac amyloidosis in a 75-year-old Japanese man is reported. The initial signs were dyspnea and cough, followed by general fatigue and loss of appetite. Heart failure, pleural effusion, and liver cysts were found on physiological examination. Autopsy findings were primary systemic amyloidosis with severe diffuse cardiac amyloidosis and cardiac hypertrophy (585 g). Focal necrosis by infarction was found in the liver and spleen. The cause of amyloidosis was unknown.
Aged↗
Uncertainty in identification of blood group A subtypes by agglutination test.
Identification of the blood group A subtypes, i.e. A1, A2, and A1-A2 intermediate (Aint), by agglutination test, particularly in AB red cells, is ambiguous. The expressions of A subtypes in red blood cells are the consequences of diverse formations of the A substances by the action of three types of blood group N-acetyl-galactosaminyl-transferases controlled by A1, A2, and Aint genes. Therefore, the A subtypes are more directly identified by examining the kinetic characters of A-enzymes existing in plasma. Several Black AB subjects classified as non-A1 by the agglutination test were identified as A1B and AintB on the enzyme basis. A subject serologically classified as A1 had A2-enzyme in her plasma, i.e. she is genetically A2O or A2A2. The present and previous studies indicate that red cell A2 status is occasionally expressed as a result of the combination of Aint and B, and of A1 and superactive B. The imbalance between A1/A2 and A1B/A2B observed in some Black populations could be attributed to high frequencies of the Aint and B. sup. genes in Blacks.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
Homovanillic acid, vanillylmandelic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid are undetectable in urine of the muskrat.
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Animals↗
Left ventricular responses to supine bicycle exercise assessed by radionuclide angiocardiography and a Swan-Ganz catheter.
Left ventricular responses to supine bicycle ergometer exercise were studied by gated radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA), in 12 normal subjects (group A), 11 coronary patients without effort angina (group B) and 17 coronary patients with effort angina (group C). In the serial measurement of global ejection fraction (EF) there was a significant increase during peak exercise (PEx) in group A and B. In group C, global EF during mild exercise (MEx) did not increase, but decreased significantly during PEx. These results suggest the necessity of achieving adequate exercise loading in the diagnosis of exercise-induced ischemia, and also, that the serial measurement of global EF during exercise appears to be highly valuable. In the assessment of regional wall motion on the basis of regional EF, abnormal responses to exercise were highly inducible in the anteroseptal region in coronary patients with left anterior descending artery involvement. Abnormal wall motion in the other regions was less indicative for right coronary or left circumflex artery dysfunction. We examined hemodynamic responses to exercise by a Swan-Ganz catheter during RNA study in 5 patients of group A, 5 of group B, and 9 of group C. There was a large increase in left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) with a small rise in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) in group A. In group B LVSWI increased with a moderate rise in PCWP during PEx. In group C there was a negligible increase of LVSWI despite a marked rise in PCWP. A similar relationship was present between the LVSWI and the end-diastolic count (EDC) in the left ventricular region of interest. In MEx, however, the rise in PCWP in group C was more prominent than the increase in EDC. Thus, the present data indicate that the left ventricle in group C operates on a steeper portion of the diastolic pressure-volume curve than that in group A or B.
Adult↗
Effect of colchicine on the depletion and replenishment of cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor in rat liver after administration of glucocorticoid.
Pretreatment of rats with colchicine (3 mg/kg body weight) modified the time course of depletion of the cytoplasmic binding sites for 3H-dexamethasone after administration of prednisolone (0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg body weight). Colchicine also decreased the rate of the cytoplasmic receptor replenishment which was confirmed by application of this drug after completion of the cytoplasmic receptor translocation to nuclei (30 min after prednisolone injection). Addition of colchicine to the incubation mixture for in vitro binding of 3H-dexamethasone-labelled liver cytosol to isolated liver nuclei suspended in TKMS buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl2 and 250 mM sucrose) evoked no measurable changes in the rate of the nuclear binding.
Animals↗
Properties of binding of partially purified glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver with glucocorticoids of different biopotencies.
To elucidate the relationship between binding parameters and biopotencies of glucocorticoids, we partially purified the receptor from the liver cytosol of rats in a dexamethasone-bound and unactivated form by precipitation with protamine sulfate, gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography (approximately 100-fold) and examined the interaction of the preparation with 3 glucocorticoids of different biopotencies (dexamethasone; Dex, corticosterone; Cort and prednisolone; Pred). The partially purified receptor (PPR) was stable at -20 degrees C for at least 2 months in the presence of bovine serum albumin, glycerol, molybdate and dithiothreitol. Treatment of the PPR with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate liberated the ligands and the treated PPR reassociated 3H-glucocorticoids efficiently following the addition of dithiothreitol. The reassociated PPR was bound to the DNA-cellulose after a brief heating. Metabolic activity on ligands and inactivation of the binding sites in the PPR were insignificant under the conditions used. Kd's were approximately 0.9, approximately 3 and approximately 6 nM for Dex, Cort and Pred, respectively (at 0 degree C). Relative binding affinity of ligands to the PPR which was estimated by competitions was higher in the order of triamcinolone acetonide greater than Dex greater than Cort greater than Pred greater than progesterone greater than cortexolone. Association of Dex and Cort was relatively rapid and significantly accelerated by raising the incubation temperature, while the association of Pred was slower and effects of the temperature was moderate. The rate of dissociations was also varied with ligands. The rate of dissociation of Dex was the lowest among the 3 ligands and was elevated by raising the temperature. Because the effect of temperature was more pronounced in the dissociation than in the association, apparent Ka's decreased at higher temperature. Thermodynamic examinations of glucocorticoid binding in the PPR revealed that the binding reaction proceeds at a higher rate in the order of Dex greater than Cort greater than Pred. Because the relative biopotencies of these 3 glucocorticoids in vivo is higher in the order of Dex greater than Pred greater than Cort, from the results obtained in the present study, it appears that biopotency of glucocorticoids in vivo does not correlate with the affinity of the binding to the receptor estimated in vitro.
Animals↗
Echographic findings and histological feature of the thyroid: a reverse relationship between the level of echo-amplitude and lymphocytic infiltration.
In 43 patients with Graves' disease, 5 patients with painless thyroiditis and 30 patients with Hashimoto-thyroiditis ultrasonographical observations and histological examinations by needle biopsy of the thyroid were carried out simultaneously. In all cases the level of echo-amplitude was well correlated with the rate of lymphocytic infiltrations and fibrosis. In cases which exhibited marked lymphocytic infiltrations in the thyroidal biopsy specimen, no apparent echoes or very low amplitude echoes were observed in the whole thyroid and in cases in which replacement with lymphocytic infiltration was observed in almost a half part of the thyroid, several sonolucent regions were observed in the thyroid and in cases in which lymphocytic infiltration or fibrosis was observed sporadically, low-amplitude and uniform echoes were observed in the whole or several regions of the thyroid. In cases with no lymphocytic infiltration in the histological specimen, diffuse high-amplitude and uniform echoes were observed throughout the whole lobe of the thyroid. In patients with painless thyroiditis, the amplitude of echo was low when the level of lymphocytic infiltration was high and the echo-amplitude showed a tendency to increase along with the decrease in the rate of lymphocytic infiltration. From these observations it is concluded that echo-amplitude is well correlated with lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis in patients with Hashimoto-thyroiditis, Hashitoxicosis and painless thyroiditis.
Graves Disease↗