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Biomedical subjects

A Yokoo

Publications and source records attributed to A Yokoo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Study on local immune response in mice with an impaired function of T cells--in Escherichia coli induced experimental urinary tract infection].

An ascending urinary tract infection was induced by transurethral instillation of Escherichia coli mice which had an impaired T cell function from the administration of cyclosporine (impaired T cell function group). We investigated the time course fluctuation of local immune response at the infected sites in terms of immune response cells as compared with that in normal mice (control group). 100 mg/kg of Cyclosporine was administered a total of 4 times at 7, 5, 3 days and 1 day before the day of infection. Using this method of administration, the T cell function, for which we used delayed type hypersensitivity as an indicator, significantly suppressed the impaired T cell function group. When the ascending urinary tract infection was induced by Escherichia coli, the occurrence of pyelonephritis increased and the survival rate significantly decreased in the impaired T cell function group compared to the control group, indicating a high incidence of infection. By the time course observation of the immune response cells at the infected sites, marked infiltration of neutrophils was recognized in the impaired T cell function group as compared with that in the control group and such infiltration remained on the same higher level thereafter. On the other hand, T, B cell infiltration was weaker in the impaired T cell function group compared to the control group. It was therefore suggested that other immune response cells compensated for the infiltration of T cells when their function was suppressed, and that these cells on the whole possibly responded toward the preservation of their protective mechanism against infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Study on local immune response in diabetic mice, in which bactericidal capacity of the neutrophils had been damaged--Escherichia coli induced experimental urinary tract infection].

An experimental ascending urinary tract infection was induced by transurethral instillation of Escherichia coli in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, in which bactericidal capacity of the perineal exudating neutrophils had been damaged. The local immune response in uninfected diabetic mice and the response time fluctuation of local immune responses in diabetic mice following infection were compared with those in normal mice, and the nature of induced changes in the local immune response was determined. The diabetic model was prepared by a single administration of 280 mg/kg of STZ after it had been fasted for 15 hours. The mouse was then fasted an additional 2 hours to induce the diabetic state. Compared with the normal mice, the diabetic mice prepared using this method were found to have a significant suppression of the bactericidal capacity of the perineal exudating neutrophils, 3 weeks after induction of diabetes. The study of the cellular distribution in uninfected urinary tract tissue demonstrated a reduction in CD4-positive T cell distribution in bladder submucosa of diabetic mice at 3 weeks after induction of diabetes (diabetic group), compared with that in the normal mice (control group). In the diabetic group, probably in order to compensate for the reduction in CD4-positive T cell distribution in the bladder submucosa, the distribution of macrophages was increased in the bladder epithelium, compared with the control group. This finding suggested that diabetic mice are thought to have protective mechanisms against infection different from those of normal mice in the uninfected state. The study of the response time fluctuation of local immune response at the infected sites demonstrated infiltration of macrophages was the same grade as that of neutrophils in the control and the diabetic group. However, in the diabetic group, a marked infiltration of macrophages was recognized when compared with the control group in the early phase of infection. These findings suggested that macrophages aid in protection against infection when damage to the bactericidal capacity of neutrophils results in insufficient elimination of microorganisms. On the other hand, infiltration of T and B cells was weaker in the diabetic group, than in the control group.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Study on intractable factors in urinary tract infections--multiple regression analysis].

Intractable complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) are caused by host and/or bacterial factors which predispose to persistent infections and recurrent infections. It is still unknown what kind of factors are responsible for the intractable complicated UTI. With the increase of compromised host or cases with complicated UTI, the factors involved in intractable and recurrent UTI are diversified. Accurate diagnosis of the factors affecting the therapeutic effect will have more importance. The factors affecting the therapeutic effect was subjected to multiple regression analysis from both aspects of underlying disease in the urinary tract (complicated factors) and systemic conditions (compromised factors) in one hundred and ninety patients of complicated UTI admitted to our clinic. Sex, presence or absence of hydronephrosis and indwelling catheter and volume of residual urine as complicated factors and age, serum creatine value, peripheral neutrophil count, peripheral lymphocyte count, diabetic or not, whether the patient underwent major operation within 1 week or not, and serum albumin value, an indicator of malnutrition, as compromised factors were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The presence of indwelling catheter, residual urine more than 50 ml and hypoalbuminemia less than 3 g/dl were the most determinant of the clinical efficacy in cases with complicated UTI. Interestingly, presence of residual urine more than 50 ml is considered an equally intractable factor with the presence of indwelling catheter. These factors proved to be important also as recurrent factors. In the host with these factors, UTI are often caused by resistant bacteria and indicated to be intractable also bacteriologically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A questionnaire survey on urinary incontinence and urinary disturbances in the institutionalized elderly with senile dementia].

We carried out a questionnaire survey concerning urinary disturbances, among nursing home patients. The answers were obtained from 1,038 elderly including 355 males and 683 females. Ages, spanned 50-99, with an average age of 79.1. Of the 1,038 respondents which we obtained through our survey for management of urination, 35.8% of the total said that they are able to urinate without incontinence. Those able to urinate with incontinence accounted for 23.6% of the total. However, 40% of all patients required an adult diaper throughout the day to control their urinary functions. Patients suffering from neurological disorders accounted for 70% of respondents, and a correlation was seen between the extent of dementia and ADL, and excretory control. Urinary functioning in both men and women was found to grow increasingly difficult with age, and medical problems involving urinary difficulty appear to increase with the advance of the aging process. The representative groups for this survey were limited to elderly people in nursing homes, many of whom suffer from neurological disorders such as cerebral infarction. It was found that both male and female patients experience a variety of urinary disturbances.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Study of local immune response in mice with an impaired chemotaxis of neutrophils--in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced experimental urinary tract infection].

Experimental ascending urinary tract infection was induced by transurethral instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice whose neutrophilic chemotactic activity was suppressed by administration of colchicine, and we investigated the time course fluctuation of local immune response at the infected sites in terms of immune response cells as compared with that in normal mice. In comparison with that in normal mice, a significant suppression was noted in the chemotactic activity of the peritoneal exudating neutrophils when colchicine at a dose of 0.02 mg/mouse was administrated a total of 4 times, namely, 1, 3 and 5 days, and 6 hours before infection (the day of assessment). When experimental ascending urinary tract infection was induced by P. aeruginosa, markedly increased susceptibility to bacterial infection was noted in mice with an impaired chemotaxis of neutrophils (impaired neutrophilic chemotaxis group) as compared with that in normal mice (control group). Apparent infiltration of neutrophils was recognized one day after infection in the control group by the time course observation of the immune response cells at the sites of infection while hardly any infiltration was observed in the impaired neutrophilic chemotaxis group one day after infection. In other words, the cellular infiltration into an infected site was conceivably obstructed when the chemotactic activity was impaired. On the other hand, macrophages in the impaired neutrophilic chemotaxis group demonstrated marked infiltration as compared with that in the control group one day after infection, and such infiltration remained on the same higher level thereafter. As for T and B cells, an increased ratio was noted in helper T cells and early infiltration in IgG positive B cells 3 days after infection and onward when compared with the control group. It was therefore suggested that other immune response cells compensated for the infiltration of neutrophils when their chemotactic activity was obstructed, and that these cells on the whole possibly responded toward the preservation of their protective mechanism against infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Dose finding study of sparfloxacin in single-dose therapy for female acute uncomplicated cystitis].

Sparfloxacin (SPFX) is a new quinolone compound with a long half-life of 16 hours and a potent antibacterial activity (MIC90: < or = 0.025 micrograms/ml against Escherichia coli), suggesting that the agent can be effectively used in single-dose therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis in female patients. To find the optimum dose, the present dose-finding study was conducted. A dose of either 100 mg or 200 mg of SPFX was selected by the double-blind method, and was administered only once (single dose therapy). The clinical efficacy was judged on day 3, 7 and 14 after administration. On day 3, of the 49 pts. in the 100 mg-group, the efficacy rate was 95.9% (excellent rate: 79.6%), and of the 42 pts. in the 200 mg-group, it was 100% (excellent rate: 88.1%). On day 7, of 38 pts. in the 100 mg-group, it was 94.7% (excellent rate: 78.9%), and of 28 pts. in the 200 mg-group, it was 100% (excellent rate: 92.9%). On day 14, of 27 pts. in the 100 mg-group, it was 92.6% (excellent rate: 66.7%), and of 26 in the 200 mg-group, it was 96.2% (excellent rate: 84.6%). Recurrence was observed in 4.8% (1/21) in the 200 mg-group. Therefore, there was no significant difference in the efficacy rate between the two groups, but the rate of excellent responses was higher in the 200 mg-group. Otherwise, the efficacy was estimated to be insufficient in 3 pts. and recurrent in 1 pt. they were examined the findings of detailed urological intractableness. Among 2 pts. in whom the external genitalia and urethra were closely examined, a urethral caruncle was noted in 1 pt. The results of our study indicate that 200 mg of SPFX is recommended as a single dose therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis in females.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical efficacy of levofloxacin (LVFX) single-dose therapy in female acute uncomplicated cystitis].

Treatment of infections by the use of antimicrobial agents should be made essentially in a dose close to the minimally required dose. Acute uncomplicated cystitis in female fits as the subject for a single-dose therapy since it is an infection reactive relatively easily to antimicrobial agents. Accordingly, an assessment has been made regarding the therapeutic results of the single-dose therapy in 76 female cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis by the use of LVFX 200 mg which is a new quinolone. The urinary concentration more than MIC90 to Escherichia coli is sustained for about 3 days by this single-dose therapy. As a result of judging the therapeutic results from the reactions of the three clinical findings of pain on micturition, pyuria and bacteriuria, excellent therapeutic results were obtained with effective rates being 100% (76/76) on the day 3, 93.9% (46/49) on the day 7 and 94.4% (34/36) on the day 14. The rate of cystitic symptoms which recurred posed no problem, being 12.5% (5/40) up to three months, as investigated by a questionnaire. As a result of performing close urological examinations such as cystoscopy on six cases with insufficient results or recurrence, we could detect mild underlying conditions which are considered to be intractable factors in the bladder in three cases. From the above results, the single-dose therapy of acute uncomplicated cystitis in the female by LVFX which is a new quinolone was considered to be an excellent therapeutic drug from its characteristics such as its therapeutic results being the same as the conventional therapy by daily administration, excellent drug compliance, low cost, hard selectiveness of resistant strains, less side effects and furthermore it gives the opportunity of detecting a latent and mild underlying condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Study on local immune response in Escherichia coli-induced experimental urinary tract infection in mice--infiltration of Ia-positive cells, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells and B cells].

We studied the local immune response in a mouse experiment with acute ascending cystitis and pyelonephritis. The experimental infections were induced in BALB/c female mice by transurethral instillation of Escherichia coli O6. Immune response cells were stained, including Ia-positive cells, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and B cells (IgA, IgM, IgG-positive B cell). They were stained by the immunohistochemical method (ABC method) using monoclonal antibodies against lineage specific antigens except for neutrophils that were readily identified by the standard hematoxylin-eosin. Even in the control mice having no evidence of the infection, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) consisted of macrophages, Ia-positive cells and T cells that were sparingly found in the urinary tract tissue and renal parenchyma. Ia-positive cells, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells (CD4+, CD8+) and IgA positive B cells were significantly infiltrated in the bladder submucosa from 6 hours after bacterial inoculation. The infiltration of similar immune response cells was found in the submucosa of the renal pelvis, except for IgA positive B cells that appeared one day after the induction of the infection. In renal parenchyma, Ia-positive cells appeared at 6 hours after introduction of the infection, followed by an infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and T cells (CD4+, CD8+) at the first day, and IgA positive B cells at the third day. These results are summarized as follows. When microbes invaded the urinary tract tissue, a significant number of Ia-positive cells infiltrated, which were initially present in normal urinary tract tissue. Subsequently, neutrophils, macrophages and T cells (CD4+, CD8+) appeared in the lesion followed by a delayed occurrence of IgA positive B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Reconstruction of anterior cranial base and face with free musculocutaneous flap; report of two cases].

The treatment of extensive cranial base tumor is still challenging. Wide resection of a cranial base tumor would lead to exposure of the vital structures such as the brain and dura, and would result in a large dead space in the cranium and in the connecting area between the nasal cavity and the intracranial space. Recently free tissue transfer has become a reliable method in the field of reconstructive surgery. In the craniofacial region, free tissue transfer is useful to reconstruct a complicated defect. We report two cases where free latissimus dorsi M-C flap and rectus abdominis M-C flap were useful in reconstructing the defect following removal of an anterior cranial base tumor. We discuss the advantages.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Study of the increasing effect of therapeutic efficacy of amikacin in combination with human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) against experimental urinary tract infection in diabetic mice].

Clinically, prophylactic effects of Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on granulocytopenia originating from the use of anticancer agents are thought possible, and clinical studies are being performed. Recently the application of G-CSF against infectious diseases has been considered, and we reported the prophylactic effect of G-CSF against experimental urinary tract infection induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in diabetic mice treated Streptozotocin, a compromised host model. In this report, we investigated the therapeutic effect of G-CSF alone and in combination with Amikacin (20 mg/kg) against experimental urinary tract infection induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in diabetic mice. In diabetic mice, the therapeutic administration of G-CSF alone and Amikacin alone did not produce an increase of 7 day survival rate and decrease of incidence of infection. But, combinational administration of these increased the 7 day survival rate and yielded a lower incidence of infection. Thus, the therapeutic efficacy of Amikacin was improved by a combinational use of G-CSF. This result suggests that the synergy of bactericidal effect of neutrophils accelerated by G-CSF with Amikacin, and suggests the meaning and the efficacy of G-SCF as an additional therapy with antibiotics for infectious diseases.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on the detection rate of Chlamydia trachomatis in married and unmarried pregnant women--field survey in Hokkaido].

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the general population has recently been attracting attention. In this regard, we examined the incidence of positive antigen in the genital organs in pregnant female women in order to investigate the prevalence of this infection. EIA (Chlamydiazyme) was performed in 5,000 married pregnant women, and in 317 unmarried women who underwent artificial termination of pregnancy. The study was carried out between June 1986 and September 1989 in Sapporo City (3,932 subjects), Kushiro City (328 subjects), Muroran City (280 subjects), Kitami City (357 subjects), Kucchan Town (220 subjects) and Urakawa Town (200 subjects). 1. Among married pregnant women, the detection rate of C. trachomatis was 6.1% (222/3,666) in Sapporo City, 7.3% (24/328) in Kushiro City, 6.1% (17/280) in Muroran City, 7.8% (24/306) in Kitami City, 6.8% (15/220) in Kucchan Town and 7.5% (15/200) in Urakawa Town, showing no particular difference according to the area. The overall detection rate was 6.3% (317/5,000). 2. The rates of detection of C. trachomatis antigen by EIA were 22.9% (61/266) and 15.7% (8/15) for the unmarried women who underwent artificial termination of pregnancy in Sapporo and Kitami, respectively. Both rates were higher than those in the married pregnant women. This result suggests the prevalence of C. trachomatis among young women showing a high level of sexual activity. 3. Among married subjects, the detection rate was 21.3% for those in their late teens, 8.9% for those in their early 20s, 6.0% for those in their late 20s, 3.7% for those in their early 30s, and 2.9% for those 35 years or older; thus, the younger they were, the detection rate became elevated. The above findings show that latent epidemics of C. trachomatis infection are present to a considerable extent among young women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Study of the effect of combination therapy of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and amikacin on experimental pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic mice].

We reported the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on mice with ascending pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-group). In the cyclophosphamide-treated neutropenic mice, the prophylactic administration of G-CSF (2 micrograms/day/mouse) yielded a lower incidence of infection than that of saline alone. However, the therapeutic administration of G-CSF (2 micrograms/day/mouse) did not produce decreases of the rate, suggesting that this type of administration had no effect on infection. Thus, we investigated the effect of the combination therapy of G-CSF and Amikacin. In neutropenic mice, the therapeutic administration of G-CSF alone and Amikacin (20 mg/kg) alone did not produce decreases of incidence of infection. But, combination administration of these yielded a lower incidence of infection. These results suggest that synergy of bactericidal effects of neutrophils accelerated by G-CSF with Amikacin, and a combination of these have a therapeutic effect on bacterial infection in neutropenic mice.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1989

[Study of the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on experimental pyelonephritis induced by pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic mice].

We investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on mice with ascending pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-group). This experimental model was established by a two course administration of cyclophosphamide, so that it kept the mice in a neutropenic status (around 2000 white blood cells/mm3) from the time of infection to the time of sacrifice. The cyclophosphamide-treated group increased their susceptibility more than the control group. In the cyclophosphamide-treated group, the prophylactic administration of G-CSF (2 micrograms/day/mouse) yielded a lower incidence of infection and of infection-induced mortality than that of saline alone. However, the therapeutic administration of G-CSF did not produce significant decreases of these rates, suggesting that this type of administration had no effect on infection. At the time of sacrifice, the prophylactic administration of G-CSF increased the number of neutrophils, while at the time of induced infection, no increase of neutrophils was found. G-CSF therapeutic administration was not able to increase neutrophils during the experiment. An investigation of the bacterial capacity of peritoneal exudate neutrophils revealed that G-CSF prophylactic administration accelerated its capacity, although cyclophosphamide alone did not. These results suggest that G-CSF has a prophylactic effect on bacterial infection in neutropenic mice, and that this effect, in part, depends upon both the increase of neutrophils and the acceleration of bactericidal capacity produced by G-CSF.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1989

[Study of the prophylactic effect of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on experimental pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in diabetic mice].

The compromised host has recently increased because of the improvement of medical diagnosis and technology. Infection in the compromised host is somewhat different from that in common patients, since this infection is caused by impairment of the host defense mechanism. And the compromised host easily suffers from opportunistic infections. This situation prompted us to study the effect of biological response modifiers (BRMs), which activate the host defense mechanism against infections in the compromised host. We used streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, as experimental models of the compromised host. First, we investigated the bactericidal capacity of the perineal exudating neutrophils in diabetic mice, as one of the host defense mechanism. Second, we also studied the effect of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) on diabetic mice with ascending pyelonephritis by P. aeruginosa. At 1 and 2 weeks after inducing the diabetic state, no difference was found in the bactericidal capacity of the perineal exudating neutrophils between normal mice and diabetic mice. At 3 weeks, however, this bactericidal capacity was markedly suppressed in these mice. This result suggested that a depression of host defense mechanisms in diabetics was caused by, in part, a suppression of bactericidal capacity of neutrophils. When G-CSF (2 micrograms/mouse) was injected subcutaneously once a day into diabetic mice, the suppression of the bactericidal capacity of neutrophils significantly recovered. We thus studied the effect of G-CSF on diabetic mice against infection. Diabetic mice increased their susceptibility to bacterial infection more than normal mice. In diabetic mice, administration of G-CSF (2 micrograms/mouse) yielded a lower incidence of infection and infection-induced mortality than those of controls. These data show that G-CSF may be of great value for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in the compromised host, especially in patients whose bactericidal capacity of neutrophils is depressed, as in diabetics.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Study of the prophylactic effect of ubenimex on experimental pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas in neutropenic mice].

We investigated the prophylactic effect of Ubenimex on mice with ascending pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-group). This experimental model was established by a two course administration of cyclophosphamide, so that it kept the mice in a neutropenic status (around 2000 white blood cells/mm3) from the time of infection to the time of sacrifice. The cyclophosphamide-treated group increased their susceptibility more than the control group. In the cyclophosphamide-treated group, the prophylactic administration of Ubenimex (100 micrograms/day/mouse) did not produce significant decreases of infection-induced mortality rate, but yielded a lower incidence of infection than of saline alone. Administration of Ubenimex was not able to increase the number of neutrophils during the experiment. An investigation of the bactericidal capacity of peritoneal exudating neutrophils revealed that Ubenimex prophylactic administration accelerated its capacity, although cyclophosphamide alone did not. These results suggest that Ubenimex has a prophylactic effect on bacterial infection in neutropenic mice, and that this effect, in part, depends upon the acceleration of bactericidal capacity of neutrophils produced by Ubenimex.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1988

[A clinical study of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with special emphasis on the differential preoperative diagnosis between xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and renal cell carcinoma].

An accurate preoperative diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is difficult because of its clinical and radiological similarities to renal cell carcinoma. We report two cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Furthermore, in an attempt to clarify the clinical distinction between this entity and renal cell carcinoma, we summarize the clinical characteristics of 143 cases with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in the literature and 126 cases with renal cell carcinoma experienced in our clinic. According to the clinical reviews, several characteristics of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis were revealed. 1) Presence of history of pyelonephritis. 2) gamma-globulinemia in blood chemistry. 3) Non-visualizing kidney on the excretory urogram. 4) Hypovascular or avascular features and dilatation of renal capsular arteries on angiogram. 5) Heterogenous renal mass and thickness of Gerota's fascia on computed tomogram. 6) Positive uptake of renal mass in Ga-scintigram. When some of these features are found in the renal mass, the case could be of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and therefore a kidney preserving operation should be considered.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1985

[An autopsy case of primary malignant melanoma of the ovary].

This report presents the first patient in Japan with primary malignant melanoma of the ovary. The patient was a 62-year-old woman with the complaint of progressive left hemiparesis due to metastatic brain tumor. She died in the course of two months. At autopsy, there was a large tumor containing brownish fluid at the right ovary. The inner lining of the tumor was covered with a black friable mass with hairs. Histologically, the tumor was composed of polygonal, melanotic or amelanotic cells. Metastases were found in the cerebrum, uterine cervix, etc. In conclusion, the tumor was thought to be malignant melanoma arising in a dermoid cyst. This is an extremely rare condition, reported in only 12 cases throughout the world. The histological findings and histogenesis are presented and discussed.

Brain Neoplasms↗