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Biomedical subjects

A Yates

Publications and source records attributed to A Yates.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Should young children testify in cases of sexual abuse?

Children as young as age 3 are testifying in cases of sexual abuse and molestation. Very young children can accurately recall emotionally charged, personally significant events. They demonstrate more errors of omission, difficulties with time and number of concepts, and occasional misinterpretations of others' actions. Children's testimony can be influenced by an overly authoritative or ingratiating attorney stance, an attorney's preconceived notions, age-inappropriate questions, and the child's limited attention span. Children may be helped or harmed by testifying. The risk of further traumatization can be minimized through the judge's use of discretionary power, inclusion of professionals trained in child development in the investigative and court process, and use of videotaping or one-way screens.

Awareness↗
PubMed1987

Current status and future directions of research on the American Indian child.

American Indians are the most severely disadvantaged of any population within the United States. By adolescence, Indian children show higher rates of suicide, alcoholism, drug abuse, delinquency, and out-of-home placement. School achievement is severely compromised, and many youths drop out before graduation from high school. The Indian child understands the environment through intuitive, visual, and pictorial means, but success in the Anglo school is largely dependent on auditory processing, abstract conceptualization, and language skills. This difference compounds existing problems of poverty, dislocation, alienation, depression and intergenerational conflict and can partially account for the higher rate of emotional and behavioral problems among Indian adolescents.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1987

Effect of negative air ionization on hyperactive and autistic children.

Twenty-one attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and seven autistic children were randomly exposed to negatively ionized and ambient atmospheres under rigorously controlled experimental conditions. The negatively ionized condition did not significantly affect measurements of activity level, impulsivity, reality orientation, destructive/constructiveness, attention, or task performance. Significant results might be obtained if subgroups of known hyperserotoninemic autistic and attention deficit disorder children were exposed to negatively ionized conditions.

Air Ionization↗
PubMed1985

Histopathological lesions in the pancreas of the BB Wistar rat as a function of age and duration of diabetes.

Pancreatic histopathology was studied in 121 BBWd, 43 BBWnd, and 33 Wistar rats. Insulitis was the most common inflammatory lesion in both BBW and BBWnd rats. The incidence was inversely associated with age and with duration of diabetes in BBWd rats, but there was no age-related pattern in BBWnd rats. Small end-stage islets were typical of BBWd rats but were not seen in BBWnd rats. Several BBWd rats showed hyperplastic islets months after the onset of diabetes, a pattern that is also seen in a small percentage of human JOD patients. Several non-specific exocrine inflammatory lesions occurred in both BBWd and BBWnd rats: acute and/or chronic pancreatitis, eosinophilic infiltrates, granulomatous lesions and acute and/or chronic interstitial inflammation. Only chronic interstitial inflammation was seen in outbred Wistar rats.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Drawings by child victims of incest.

Art is an expression of the child's inner reality. Drawings by child victims of incest might be expected to differ from drawings by other children presenting at a child psychiatry clinic. This study compares drawings by child victims of incest with drawings by children referred to the University of Arizona Child Psychiatry Clinic for nonsexual issues. Each drawing was rated on 15 dimensions, including sexualization of the figure, degree of dependency, quality of ego defenses, and adequacy of impulse control. Child victims of incest were judged to have more poorly developed impulse controls and a defensive structure which emphasized repression. These children were also significantly more variable than their counterparts in the degree to which they expressed sexual features in the drawings, but were less variable in their rated maturity and in the rated adequacy of their ability to use sublimation as a defense against anxiety.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Carbon dioxide laser enucleation of polypoid vocal cords.

Polypoid vocal cords have routinely been treated by endoscopic vocal cord stripping, often-times resulting in prolonged hoarseness postoperatively. Submucosal CO2 laser enucleation of the polypoid tissue, with preservation of a mucosal flap on the medial edge of the cord, has proved to be a valuable improvement. The surgical procedure is described and results are presented which suggest that voice quality is better earlier than is the case after vocal cord stripping.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Surgical treatment of pyriform sinus cancer: a retrospective study.

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus treated surgically from 1959 through 1979 at the University of California, San Francisco were reviewed. As several reports had previously suggested that the addition of radiation therapy, preoperatively or postoperatively, did not increase survival, our data collection and analysis was performed in such a way as to determine whether similar trends were present in our patients. Data were tabulated for patients having: 1. surgery alone (SA); 2. preoperative radiation and surgery (RS); and 3. surgery and postoperative radiation (SR). The surgery alone group demonstrated the best results, with 65% 3-year determinant survival, and 56% 5-year survival, compared to 50% 3-year and 33% 5-year survivals in the combined groups. In this patient population, the increased death rate in the combined therapy group appeared to be due primarily to a higher distant metastasis rate (50% vs. 26% for the surgery alone group). Although our numbers are too small for any of the comparisons to be significant, the findings of similar cure rates of pyriform sinus cancers by surgery alone support similar data from other authors. As staging was similar in the two groups, and none of the other variables examined appeared to explain these results, we could only conclude that further data is needed, and that the exact role of radiation therapy, in combination with surgery for pyriform sinus cancer remains to be defined.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Running--an analogue of anorexia?

We have explored the apparent similarity between patients with anorexia nervosa and a subgroup of male athletes designated as "obligatory runners." Case examples are provided from interviews with more than 60 marathon and trail runners. Obligatory runners resemble anorexic women in terms of family background; socioeconomic class; and such personality characteristics as inhibition of anger, extraordinarily high self-expectations, tolerance of physical discomfort, denial of potentially serious debility, and a tendency toward depression. Anorexic women and members of their families are often compulsively athletic, and obligatory runners may demonstrate a bizarre preoccupation with food and an unusual emphasis on lean body mass. We speculate that both phenomena could represent a partially successful--albeit dangerous--attempt to establish an identity. These preliminary observations will require further study for validation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Subzero preservation of mechanically prepared porcine islets of Langerhans: response to a glucose challenge in vitro.

Islets of Langerhans, prepared by a new mechanical process and avoiding enzymatic digestion were frozen to -196 degrees C. Two rates of freezing were compared, instantaneous directly into liquid nitrogen and slow freezing at 1 degree C min-1. Post-thaw survival was greater after slow freezing. Three concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were compared. The 10% v/v concentration was found to give greater success than 20 or 30%. Contaminating exocrine tissue was found not to survive the freezing process.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Predicting the abusive parent's response to intervention.

Data from Child Protective Services case files was used to establish a Responsiveness Index, measuring the extent to which, in the worker's opinion, an abusive individual had responded positively to various common interventions. Factors likely to predict parental responsiveness then were tested. Variables with predictive significance were: the number of abused children in the family, the number of birth and bonding problems, and the number of previous contacts with other service agencies by various family members. Other variables which are ordinarily assumed to forecast a favorable outcome did not approach significance.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Anaesthesia during the Falklands campaign. The experience of the Royal Navy.

The work of nine Naval anaesthetists deployed with the Task Force during the Falklands campaign is described. The anaesthetists worked in a field hospital (Ajax Bay), a hospital ship (SS Uganda), a troop ship (SS Camberra), aircraft carriers (HMS Hermes and HMS Invincible) and a Royal Fleet Auxiliary (Tidespring). The problems of staffing and providing the stores for various teams in different locations at short notice are discussed.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1983

Stress management in childhood.

In general, physical and emotional problems are more likely to occur in adults and children who have been exposed to unusual environmental stress. The author reviews the research on children's reactions to environmental and intrafamilial trauma: all youngsters are symptomatic after severe trauma and certain symptoms are characteristic for a given developmental stage. However, some children are able to tolerate submaximal pressure without evident harm. These stress-resistant children are likely to exhibit optimism, ability, and a sense of control over their environment. These attributes can be consciously enhanced when children are taught problem-solving skills. The pediatrician is in an excellent position to prevent emotional morbidity by implementing interventions which would augment children's healthy defenses and enhance their sense of mastery.

Adolescent↗