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Biomedical subjects

A Wolf

Publications and source records attributed to A Wolf.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Studies on the cause of hyperuricosuria in cystic fibrosis patients.

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the purine contents of 24 pancreatic enzyme preparations currently available in the Federal Republic of Germany were carried out; guanine, adenine, and hypoxanthine were demonstrated in all drugs examined. The contamination level per dosage unit ranged from 2 to 10 mg urate equivalents, which, after purine absorption and metabolism, must be excreted by the kidneys. Although the additional daily urate intake through the ingestion of pancreatic enzyme preparations was less than 70 mg in 16 of 18 cystic fibrosis patients, uric acid excretion was astoundingly high. Compared to the amount of urate excreted in the urine over a 24-h period, urate intake through pancreatic enzyme preparations was so low that these drugs do not represent an important contributing factor for hyperuricosuria. A clear-cut relationship could be demonstrated between the urinary urate concentration and the severity of the disease. The increased catabolism of these patients therefore is more likely the real cause of the hyperuricosuria demonstrable in most cases. Increased fluid intake and administration of allopurinol proved to be an extremely effective means of controlling hyperuricosuria; no side effects were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Massive periosteal new bone formation in ulcerative colitis.

A case of periosteal new bone formation in a 14-year-old girl with recurrent ulcerative colitis is reported. There was exacerbation of the periosteal new bone formation during acute episodes of colitis, and incorporation of the periosteal appositions into the underlying bone during remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Radioimmunometric demonstration of immunoglobulin G on cancer cells derived from malignant pleural effusions.

Well-preserved viable cancer cells, lymphocytes and mesothelial cells were prepared from various human malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions by a Ficoll-Hypaque discontinuous gradient. Using 125I-labelled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus as tracer, IgG was found on all cancer cells and also on apparently non-malignant mesothelial cells. Loss of cell surface IgG by overnight incubation, and fluctuation of surface IgG levels in the same patient occurred with cancer cells as well as with mesothelial cells. The IgG in vivo coat of cancer cells reflected the IgG levels of the sera rather than those of the pleural effusions. Binding of IgG from autologous and allogeneic sera and from supernatants of acid and mild overnight elution of cancer cells and mesothelial cells did not indicate a cancer-specific uptake of IgG. Various unspecific modes of IgG uptake by cancer cells are discussed including the possibility of a non-immune mechanism. Modification and loss of antigens by metastatic cells have also been considered.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1981

[Hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal insufficiency new clinical and surgical aspects (author's transl)].

The therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal disease has been improved by the availability of active 1-alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D derivatives. However, in cases with progressive secondary hyperparathyroidism which have not been brought under control conservatively, surgical intervention is still required. Total parathyroidectomy with autologous transplantation of parathyroid tissue in the forearm has recently been recommended as the optimum surgical approach to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Recent literature is reviewed and personal clinical experience is reported in this paper, followed by a presentation and discussion of the pathophysiology of hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure, various means of conservative treatment, indications for parathyroidectomy, surgical aspects and technique of cryopreservation, as well as a standardized therapeutic regimen for pre- and postoperative treatment with calcium and 1-alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D analogues.

Calcium↗
PubMed1981

[The significance of mixed lymphocyte culture and mitogen-stimulated culture for kidney transplantation (author's transl)].

In order to detect HLA-D identity or incompatibility, MLC tests were performed in 21 recipient-donor combinations before kidney transplantation (20 cadaver donors, one living related donor). In 20 cases, the MLC reaction was positive (R.R. greater than 10%). 13 of these patients rejected the transplant during the first three months after transplantation. One case was observed in which the MLC reaction between recipient and donor was negative. In this case, the graft has been functioning for more than a year. The lymphocytes of 7 kidney graft recipients were investigated in mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures. In some cases, rejection crises were recognized in the test on the basis of a significantly enhanced reactivity of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. When no increase of proliferation was detected in the cultures, a rejection crisis became most improbable. One crisis failed to be detected and 6 false positive reactions occurred.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1981

Metabolic mapping of functional activity in human subjects with the [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose technique.

The 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose technique was used to measure regional cerebral glucose utilization by human subjects during functional activation. Normal male volunteers subjected to one or more sensory stimuli (tactile, visual, or auditory) exhibited focal increases in glucose metabolism in response to the stimulus. Unilateral visual hemifield stimulation caused the contralateral striate cortex to become more metabolically active than the striate cortex ipsilateral to the stimulated hemifield. Similarly, stroking the fingers and hand of one arm with brush produced an increase in metabolism in the contralateral postcentral gyrus, compared with the homologous ipsilateral region. The auditory stimulus, which consisted of a monaurally presented factual story caused an increase in glucose metabolism in the auditory cortex in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. These results demonstrate that the technique is capable of providing functional maps in vivo related to both body region and submodality of sensory information in the human brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Corticosteroid-treated chronic active hepatitis in remission: uncertain prognosis of chronic persistent hepatitis.

To assess the prognosis of patients with severe chronic hepatitis after histologic examination had shown an improvement to chronic persistent hepatitis, we followed 52 such patients regularly for 54 +/- 4 months after the cessation of corticosteroid therapy. In 24 patients, the condition deteriorated 7 +/- 1 months after therapy and required further treatment with prednisone. Histologic features of chronic active hepatitis, including bridging and multilobular necrosis, were documented in all 14 patients in whom biopsies were performed. In 20 of 24 patients, the disease responded to retreatment, but 13 again had relapses, and cirrhosis developed in two. Of 28 patients who remained asymptomatic for 48 +/- 6 months, 17 retained features of chronic persistent hepatitis, and nine had improvement to normal histologic features. Cirrhosis developed in two patients without clinical manifestations of active inflammation. Findings before and after treatment did not predict outcome. We conclude that severe chronic active hepatitis that has been treated with prednisone and converted to chronic persistent hepatitis will often and unpredictably deteriorate after treatment has been stopped. Cirrhosis develops rarely but may occur with or without clinically overt chronic active hepatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Use of nalidixic acid for constructing the replication map of the Mycobacterium phlei chromosome.

Nalidixic acid was used for describing more accurately the terminal replication region of the Mycobacterium phlei chromosome. Cell division in synchronized cultures was not sensitive to this acid any more between 185-190 min, i.e. about 10 min after replication of the ser gene, the last of 24 genes of the replication map described so far. The replication of the chromosome was controlled by determining the position of the bac gene. Microscopic studies in phase contrast of the cells that were subjected for long time periods to nalidixic acid treatment at a bactericidal concentration showed elongated cells. The electronmicroscopic observation showed that a portion of the population influenced by nalidixic acid lyses, whereas other cells remain intact and resemble control cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1981

Mapping of functional activity in brain with 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose.

The efficacy of using the 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-DG) for measuring regional cerebral glucose utilization in man during functional activation is demonstrated. Normal male volunteers subjected to sensory stimuli (visual, auditory, tactile) exhibited focal increases in glucose metabolism in response to the stimulus. Unilateral visual hemifield stimulation caused the contralateral striate cortex to become more active metabolically than the striate cortex ipsilateral to the stimulated hemifield. Similarly, stroking of the fingers and hand of one arm with a brush produced an increase in metabolism in the contralateral postcentral gyrus compared to the homologous ipsilateral region. The auditory stimulus, which consisted of monaural listening to either a meaningful or nonmeaningful story, caused an increase in glucose metabolism in the right temporal cortex independent of which ear was stimulated. These results demonstrate that the 18F-DG technique is capable of providing functional maps in vivo in the human brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

An improved antigenic marker of human lung carcinomas and its use in radioimmunoassays.

An antigenic activity in pleural effusions of patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung has been prepared in highly purified form by a 5-step fractionation scheme. The purified substance, designated LuCA (lung cancer antigen), was assessed during the course of the fractionation procedure by a radioimmunometric assay carried out with specific soluble reagents. Sensitive saturation-binding assays showed no or only weak uptake of the 125I-labelled antigen preparation by a panel of antisera specific for known bronchogenic tumour markers, and for normal human serum proteins. The preparation appeared to contain lung-tumour-associated antigens, one of them probably distinct for squamous-cell carcinomas. The antigen fraction consists of acid-soluble glycoproteins, and was demonstrated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band in the mol. wt region of 43,000. The gel-filtration elution volume appeared to indicate the occurrence of the antigenic activity in multiples of this smaller unit. Pilot radioimmunoassays performed with LuCA and an absorbed specific antiserum suggest the possible suitability of the marker preparation for screening lung-cancer patients.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1981

Aluminum removal by hemodialysis.

Aluminum kinetics were studied in 24 patients on chronic hemodialysis. All patients had elevated predialytic serum concentrations of aluminum (mean, 3.44 mumoles/liter), which correlated significantly with the ingestion of aluminum hydroxide (P less than 0.01). Simultaneous measurements of aluminum in plasma and ultrafiltrate revealed an ultrafiltrability of about 20% of total plasma aluminum, thus suggesting that 80% of aluminum is protein bound. When a dialysate with a very low aluminum content (varying from 0.1 to 0.3 mumoles/liter) was used, mean values across the dialyzer were 3.20 and 2.67 mumoles/liter, respectively, showing a significant decrease of plasma aluminum during dialyzer passage (P less than 0.0001). It could be shown that dialysance of aluminum depends on the concentration gradient between the free diffusible plasma aluminum and the dialysate aluminum concentration. After 6 hours of dialysis, plasma aluminum concentrations were significantly lower than were predialysis values (P less than 0.0001). We conclude that a negative aluminum balance during hemodialysis can be assumed as long as the aluminum concentration of free diffusible plasma aluminum lies above the aluminum concentration of the dialysate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Renal phosphate wasting after successful kidney transplantation: 1-alpha vitamin D therapy in patients with normal parathyroid gland activity.

1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol was tried as a therapy for renal phosphate wasting in kidney allograft recipients with normal parathyroid gland activity. During a 3-week period of treatment we observed a significant rise in renal phosphate threshold concentrations and plasma phosphate levels paralleled by a significant decrease in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels and a significant increase in intestinal calcium absorption. It is suggested that 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol acts on renal phosphate handling in a dual fashion: one is by suppression of parathyroid hormone and the other by restoration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels to an appropriate level.

Antigens↗
PubMed1981

Intracranial pressure in nontraumatic ischemic and hypoxic cerebral insults.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure were monitored in 12 patients who were comatose secondary to hypoxic (five cases) or hypotensive (seven cases) nontraumatic cerebral insults. Patients who were hypotensive but not hypoxic developed significant increased ICP. In patients who were comatose from hypoxic cerebral insults without hypotension, ICP was normal. When an increase in ICP was diagnosed, patients were managed aggressively so as to improve cerebral perfusion and lower ICP. Although a functional salvage rate of 25% was obtained, this may reflect the severity of the initial cerebral insult rather than the effect of treatment. In order to prevent the potential deleterious effects of raised ICP, it is concluded that monitoring ICP and maintaining adequate perfusion may be warranted in comatose patients who have suffered nontraumatic diffuse ischemic but not purely hypoxic cerebral insults.

Adolescent↗