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Biomedical subjects

A Windorfer

Publications and source records attributed to A Windorfer.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Laboratory controls in long-term treatment with anticonvulsive drugs (author's transl)].

In the treatment of epilepsy often several substances with anticonvulsive effect are combined. Possible drug interactions in these cases can change the desired effect of treatment. Simultaneous administration of clonazepam or dipropylacetate (the latter in a short term combination) with diphenylhydantoin can cause a significant increase of diphenylhydantoin serum concentrations and intoxications. The combination of carbamazepin with diphenylhydantoin can cause a decrease of diphenylhydantoin serum concentrations. The simultaneous administration of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital can produce a significant increase of phenobarbital levels in the statistical average and in the case of a combination of primidon and diphenylhydantoin an intoxication by the primidon metabolite phenobarbital. These possible interactions which are not obvious at the beginning of therapy are supplemented by other factors as intercurrent diseases or erratic drug intake. With routine measurements of serum concentrations of anticonvulsive drugs some of these interfering factors can be eliminated by realizing them in time. Treatment becomes more effective and side effects are reduced. The development of a new check list for the treatment of epileptic patients should also improve the control and give better informations about the course of the disease.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1977

Interlaboratory variability of valproic acid determinations.

19 pooled plasma specimens were sent as unknowns to 13 participating research laboratories. The interlaboratory variability between the results was very high. Only 4 out of 13 laboratories had 6--12% of their results within the 95% confidence limit for each sample. The precision of repeated determinations was fairly good. 6 out of 10 participating laboratories had a coefficient of variation of less then 5%. The reproducibility and the agreement between the different procedures for quantitative analysis of dipropylacetate is similar to that reported for other major antiepileptic drugs.

Laboratories↗
PubMed1977

[Diphtheria: its history and epidemiology (author's transl)].

A survey of the historical and epidemiologic development of diphtheria is presented. The last four centuries are described particular attention is devoted to the most important centers of the epidemic during this time. Special consideration is given to the last one hundred years in Germany.

Diphtheria↗
PubMed1976

[Investigations concerning serum concentration and temperature following oral application of a new paracetamol preparation (author's transl)].

A new, highly concentrated, fluid paracetamol preparation (paracetamol fluid) was tested on 26 small children and school children. The children were divided into 3 groups on the basis of dosage (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight). The paracetamol serum concentration was determined and the temperature reactions noted. The resorption was rapid; maximum serum level was usually reached after 30 minutes. In most cases, maximum drop in temperature, however, occurred in 3-4 hours. The most obvious and longest lasting drop in temperature was achieved fol following 20 mg/kg body weight dose of the paracetamol preparation. Doses of 5 mg/kg body weight had no significant affect on elevated body temperatures. The most favorable dosage then is between 10-20 mg/kg body weight. The paracetamol concentration in the children under study never exceeded that of 20 mug/ml, even with the higher doses (20 mg/kg). This is far below the toxic threshold of 120 mug/ml. Even higher paracetamol doses of 40 mg/kg body weight, such as may be acciddentally administered, only resulted in a maximum serum level of 50 mug/ml and, therefore, were far below the toxic threshold.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1975

Studies on photopherapy in newborn infants. Influence on protein binding of bilirubin and salicylate and on activity of acetylsalicylic acid esterase.

Phototherapy of newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia was shown to result in an increase in hematocrit values and in the activity of the erythrocyte enzyme acetylsalicylic acid esterase. The elevation of the enzyme activity also could be produced in light-treated rabbits and in vitro after illumination of blood from adult volunteers. The binding of bilirubin to serum albumin and of salicylate to plasma proteins did not alter, nor did the concentrations of albumin or total proteins in plasma. It is concluded that light does not increase the unbound fraction of bilirubin in blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the effect of orally administered agar on the serum bilirubin level of premature infants and mature newborns.

The effect of orally administered agar on the serum concentration of bilirubin was tested in 366 premature and newborn infants. For this purpose two different concentrations of agar were added to the milk for 8-10 days. On none of the groups tested did the serum level of bilirubin show a significant decrease after administration of agar. Therefore the attempt to lower the level of serum bilirubin in premature and newborn infants by inhibiting enteric reabsorption by means of adsorbents must be considered a failure.

Agar↗
PubMed1975

[The importance of the albumin bilirubin binding in drug therapy in the newborn].

Bilirubin encephalopathy in the newborn is caused not so much by the level of total serum bilirubin but rather by the level of free bilirubin not bound to albumin. Compared to adults prematures and newborns show a higher tendency towards separation of bilirubin from the albumin bond which is statistically significant as could be demonstrated by measurements in serum and plasma. This might be due to a lower bilirubin binding capacity of the neonatal albumin or a competitive displacement of the bilirubin from the albumin bonds by unknown endogenous substances. The influence of several drugs, of blood exchange transfusion and of light in phototherapy on the cleavage of bilirubin from its albumin bond was examined. Some drugs, but not the phototherapylight, enhanced displacement.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1975

[Investigations of serum levels of drugs in children receiving anticonvulsant medication. I. General evaluation of serum concentrations of diphenylhydantoin, primidone and phenobarbitone (author's transl)].

With the aid of our own method of gas chromatography we determined serum concentrations of anticonvulsants in a large number of children who were being treated with diphenylhydantoin, primidone and phenobarbitone. The drugs were being prescribed either as monotherapy, or in combination with each other, or with other substances which have anticonvulsive activity. Regression lines showed good correlations between the quantity of drugs administered (total daily dose) and serum concentrations. The regression lines for diphenylhydantoin and primidone, however, showed no differences, irrespective of whether they were being given alone or in combination. In view of the frequency of symptoms of intoxication and of non-responders, we established a therapeutic range for diphenylhydantoin and primidone (diphenylhydantoin: 5--16 mcg/ml; primidone: 4--14 mcg/ml). The required serum concentrations could be obtained by giving 8--12 mg/kg of diphenylhydantoin, and 15-22 mg/kg of primidone. In spite of the satisfactory correlation between total daily dose and serum concentrations, however, many patients showed departures from this normal behaviour, especially where combination treatments were being conducted. This demonstrates the necessity for routine controls of serum levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Investigations of serum levels of drugs in children receiving anticonvulsant medication. II. Clinical observations (author's transl)].

Although good correlation can be obtained between total daily dose and serum concentration in treatment with anticonvulsant drugs, many patients still show departures from this relation. The various factors which can influence serum concentrations of the administered drugs were to be domonstrated in a number of children who were receiving anticonvulsants at average dose levels and who developed evidence of overdose, or who failed to respond to therapy. The most important feature is that combined adminstration of several drugs may increase or inhibit metabolisation of the various substances, so that inadequate or excessively high serum concentrations result. Furthermore, irregular intake of the necessary medication must always be taken into account in the case of treatment on an out patient basis. Routine determinations of serum levels of anticonvulsant drugs in these patients are called for because of this.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Generalized mycobacterium avium infection in an infant (author's transl)].

In a 3-year-old girl, who was admitted to our hospital with marked splenomegaly, a swollen abdomen and progressive loss of weight, the difficulty in establishing the correct diagnosis, namely a very rare generalized infection with Mycobacterium avium (serum type III), and the lengthy course of the disease are demonstrated. Norcardiosis, sarcoidosis and BCG-granulomatosis were excluded. From the spleen, lymphatic nodes, gastric juice, stools and urine of the child, who had not been vaccinated with BCG vaccine, masses of acid-fast bacilli were isolated. The generalisation of the disease was promoted by an immunological deficiency. At autopsy an atrophic thymus was discovered. The extensive clinical and immunological investigations pointed to a partial deficiency of the cell-mediated immune systeme. The patient died 8 months after admission.

Anemia↗