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Biomedical subjects

A Windorfer

Publications and source records attributed to A Windorfer.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Influences on the absorption of diphenylhydantoin preparations.

The absorption of different preparations of diphenylhydantoin was studied in 9 healthy persons under different conditions. With both galenic preparations of two different factories (diphenylhydantoin-acid) the absorption was significant by less in the fasting state than after breakfast. Whereas the absorption was almost identical for both preparations in the fasting state, it differed significantly after ingestion of a breakfast: the one preparation, DPH-A, was less well absorbed than the other, DPH-B (7,9 mcg/ml serumconcentration 5 hours after oral administration of 5 mg/kg DPH-B versus 5,7 mcg/ml serumconcentration 5 hours after administration of 5 mg/kg DPH-A).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

[Nursing and drugs (author's transl)].

Depending on their physiochemical properties, foreign substances appear to a more or less substantial degree in mother's milk. The decision as to whether a drug may be administered during nursing is particularly difficult in the case of antibiotics. Due to the development of resistance and sensitization only a few of these drugs are allowed. A nursing stop should only be ordered when a dangerous drug is used with genuine indication and without a possible alternative. As a rule, those drugs which are believed to involve a certain danger for newborn, can be replaced by other nonhazardous drugs.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

[Significance of serum-gentamycin measurements in childhood (author's transl)].

Gentamicin serum levels were determined in 113 children of different ages (premature infants, full-term neonates, infants, older children) using a rapid microbiological method. It turned out to be favourable to take blood samples at two different times (30 and 120 min after administration of drug). In this way we found out the maximum concentration in serum and moreover by determining the serum half-life the velocity of elimination of the drug. In the group of premature infants mean serum half-life was 3.88 h and significantly longer than serum halflife in the group of older children (1.76 h) or full-term neonates (2.64 h). Children suffering from urological diseases showed a slower excretion of gentamicin, even when creatinine and urea concentrations in serum were not elevated. The rapid microbiological method used turned out to be reliable, simple and time-saving.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Ratio of primidone to phenobarbital serum levels as a criterion in the assessment of anticonvulsive therapy with primidone (author's transl)].

Serum levels of primidone and phenobarbital were measured and showed a relatively constant ratio in patients under primidone monotherapy. In outpatients, however, this ratio was lower and the range of its values wider than in hospitalized children, and the difference was significant (1:2.05 or 1:2.95). The reason for this turned out to be irregular intake of the drug by the outpatients. The ratio of primidone to phenobarbital serum levels offers itself as a control of regularity of intake of primidone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Changes in aminophenazone metabolism with acute hepatitis in children (author's transl)].

Serum half-life of aminophenazone was measured in 23 children with acute viral hepatitis and children with normal liver biopsy of matched ages. In acute hepatitis the value was 6.71 +/- 3.34, significantly longer than in the normal controls (2.79 +/- 0.53). Two hours after oral intake of the drug the serum concentration was higher in healthy children than in those with hepatitis, but the difference was not significant. Especially in children with intercurrent acute hepatic disease account must be taken of impaired metabolism during long-term drug treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the concentrations of chloramphenicol in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of neonates, infants, and small children. Reciprocal reactions between chloramphenicol, penicillin and phenobarbitone.

The interactions between chloramphenicol, penicillin and phenobarbitone were investigated in 383 children (premature and neonate children, infants and small children). As expected, the chloramphenicol concentrations in the serum of the newborns was considerably higher than that of infants and small children with the same dosage of chloramphenicol. In the age group of the premature and newborn children and infants there was significantly higher total chloramphenicol concentrations with the chloramphenicol-penicillin combination than with chloramphenicol monotherapy. Addition of phenobarbitone to the combination significantly reduced the chloramphenicol concentrations in the neonates. Lowering of the serum chloramphenicol concentrations by phenobarbitone could not be statistically confirmed in the infant age group. Combinations of chloramphenicol with ampicillin, gentamycin or cephalosporin derivatives showed no influence on serum chloramphenicol concentrations. Transference of chloramphenicol from the serum to the cerebrospinal fluid was about twice as high in the acute inflammatory stage as when the meninges were no longer acutely diseased (60 and 30% respectively of the serum concentrations). The passage of chloramphenicol to the cerebrospinal fluid showed no dependence on age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Studies on serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of cephacetrile in neonates.

The serum half-life of cephacetrile and its penetration from the serum into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined in 33 premature and full-term neonates. On an average the serum half-life was 3.6 hours in children with a birth weight above 1,500 g; in children with a birth weight below 1,500 g it was 5.1 hours. The penetration volume of cephacetrile into CSF was higher and the rate of penetration faster in neonates with meningeal infections than in those without. The highest CSF concentrations were reached 2-4 hours after drug application (2.6-25.8 mcg/ml in infants with bacterial meningitis and 1.8-15.2 mcg/ml in infants without).

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1977

Drug interactions during anticonvulsant therapy in childhood: diphenylhydantoin, primidone, phenobarbitone, clonazepam, nitrazepam, carbamazepin and dipropylacetate.

It is well known that the concomitant use of different drugs may alter the reactions of the body towards the individual components. This is particularly important in long-term anticonvulsant therapy which is frequently a combined therapy. By carrying out statistical analysis of more than 6000 assays of the serum levels of antiepileptic drugs an attempt was made to gain insight into the possible drug interactions. The following results were obtained: 1. There was an increase in serum levels of diphenylhydantoin when either clonazepam or dipropylacetate (short-term therapy) was given concomitantly. 2. There was a decrease in serum levels of diphenylhydantoin when carbamazepine, primidone or dipropylacetate (long-term therapy) were administered concomitantly. 3. There was an increase in the serum level of phenobarbitone when it was administered together with diphenylhydantoin. 4. There was an increase in the serum level of primidone when it was administered together with clonazepam. 5. There was a decrease in the serum level of primidone if it was administered concomitantly with either carbamazepine or dipropylacetate (long-term therapy).

Adolescent↗