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Biomedical subjects

A Windorfer

Publications and source records attributed to A Windorfer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Determinants of lead concentration in the umbilical cord blood of 9189 newborns of a birth cohort in the government district of Braunschweig].

From September 1985 until August 1986 the possibility of lead concentration determination in umbilical cord blood was offered to all neonates in the district of Braunschweig by the Ministry of Social Affairs of Lower Saxony. A geometric mean concentration of 3.76 +/- 1.69 micrograms Pb/dl was found in 9189 neonates, being 64% of the total birth cohort. The median concentration was 3.59 micrograms/dl. 4.7% of the children showed concentrations of above 10 micrograms/dl. Lead concentrations of twins showed a strong linear correlation (r = + 0.94). They were higher than those of singleton births (p = 0.02). Lead concentrations in neonates were significantly associated with the age of the mother and with the birthweight of the newborn. Seasonal differentials were significant with higher values in summer (4.39 +/- 1.8 micrograms Pb/dl) compared to winter (3.25 +/- 1.5 micrograms/dl). Duration of daily participation in road traffic was independent of blood lead concentrations. Potential occupational lead exposure of a member of the household was also no significant risk factor for higher lead concentration in the newborn. Family homes constructed before 1955 and those with lead water pipes were associated with significant increases of lead concentrations in neonates. Neighborhood was also significantly associated, with higher values in those living by main roads. In the southern part of the district lead concentrations were about 10% higher than in the northern part. Concentrations in neonates coming from cities were the same as in those coming from rural areas. Newborns from old lead mining and processing areas in the Harz mountains, in particular those coming from Oker-Harlingerode, had low lead concentrations in umbilical cord blood.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1992

[Education and continued education in public health. Wishes and reality at the present time; demands for the future].

Sociomedicine in research and practice, i.e. in universities and in public health services, has experienced an upswing many had not expected. The health requirements of society and not only those of the individual have gained a new topicality as social factors were rediscovered in connection with health. Public health services can be advisors to politicians and defence attorneys for the population by assuming a new role and a new measure of self-understanding in the realisation of old but always fresh topics such as environmental medicine (formerly known as environmental hygiene). To translate the multitude of sociomedical tasks effectively into reality, the practically active sociomedical officer in public health services stands in need of the backing and help by sociomedical researchers in the relevant university departments. It will be imperative to achieve in future a greatly improved and closer cooperation between research and practice in sociomedicine.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1992

[Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae B and rubella].

Haemophilus influenzae B was the most frequent pathogen of bacterial meningitis in childhood during the mid-eighties to the end of the eighties of the present century, taking the place of meningococci since approximately 1984 at about twice the rate of that pathogen, as shown by the records kept during 1980-1990 in Bavarian Departments of Paediatrics. In fact, in 1990 the incidence of HIB meningitides was about 2.5 times that of meningococcus meningitides (85 vs. 34, respectively). For practically 2 years now vaccination against HIB is being publicly recommended and should be made use of as intensively as possible to prevent all HIB infections. For several years the principle of on-target rubella vaccination has been applied to schoolgirls in Lower Saxony, Bremen and Hamburg to prevent rubella embryopathy, a procedure that has proved much more successful than blank vaccination. None of the other Federal German Laender have been following this procedure to date; in consequence there of, although the strategy of on-target vaccination will be continued in Lower Saxony, greater uniformity and greater efficiency are being aimed at throughout Germany by public recommendation of rubella vaccination at an infant age.

Bacterial Capsules↗
PubMed1989

[Hepatitis diseases in health occupations (exemplified by Lower Saxony federal land)].

We analysed the incidence of hepatitis among members of the medical profession (doctors, dental surgeons, nurses and medical assistants) by extracting the relevant figures from the total number of hepatitis cases that had been reported to Lower Saxony Public Health authorities between 1976 and 1986. It was found that the incidence and hence the risk of contracting hepatitis A was two to three times higher in particular for the nursing profession than for the total population and also than for doctors and dental surgeons. Although the incidence of hepatitis B has gone down in recent years, the risk of getting infected is definitely higher for doctors, dentists and nursing staff than it is for the total population. This shows that all necessary precautionary and hygiene measures have not yet been fully observed for the members of professions engaged in health care. All persons active in health have an increased risk of being infected with hepatitis non-A-non-B, compared with the overall population. This enhanced risk of hepatitis A infection for the nursing profession and of hepatitis non-A-non-B infection for all medical staff including doctors and dentists prompts us to demand that these two types of disease should also be included in the list of professional diseases.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1979

[The resorption of cotrimoxazol from preparations produced by different manufacturies (author's transl)].

In a pharmacokinetic study with healthy test persons we compared the forte-tablet form of cotrimoxazol produced by 4 different manufacturers. We were able to show that 3 of the tested products (2 well known standard products I and II as well as a new comparative product) achieved nearly equal high serum concentrations of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. The serum concentrations of a fourth product, a generic product, were lower for sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. As the difference is of no statistical significance and the serum concentrations of the last product are within the therapeutic range this product is also qualified for therapeutic use. When the dose is given after a standard breakfast the serum values of sulfamethoxazole were slightly higher than if given on an empty stomach. However, the serum values of trimethoprim given on an empty stomach were higher.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1979

[Tuberculosis in children and adolescents in Bavaria].

In 1977 in Bavaria, 7,659 cases (incidents) of tuberculosis were reported. 797 of these cases were children under 15 and 636 were youths between 15 and 20 years of age, that is 1,433 together. The first rise in cases takes place in the age bracket up to 5 years, the second, far greater, between 15 and 25. At the end of 1977 statistics showed the existence (prevalence) of 14,642 tuberculars. Of these, 1,128 were children under 15 and 858 youths between 15 and 20. Administrative districts with the most cases were Lower Bavaria (Niederbayern), Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz), Upper Franconia (Oberfranken), and Middle Franconia (Mittelfranken). In local epidemics 190 youths and children became ill, infected in a dance hall, a discotheque, and a factory, as well as by a kindergarten teacher. Under these unfavorable circumstances a BCG vaccination is imperative. The Bavarian Home Ministry "publicly recommends" the BCG vaccination for infants as well as for all tuberculin negatives who live with people who have tuberculosis or who are otherwise endangered by tuberculosis, However, under the circumstances described, all children and young adults are still endangered by tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Danger to the child and family from civilization and prosperity].

The advances of civilization are more and more endangering the development of the child. The most important problems are traffic accidents, the decay of the family, the falling birth-rate and the increasing abuse of drugs and alcohol as well as suicide in early years of life. The family and the child must be respected in the future to improve the situation. Adults have to accept the age specific problems of the child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Investigation on the influence of a tocolytic treatment of pregnant women with diazepam and fenoterol on the bilirubin levels and apgar score of newborn (author's transl)].

In a retrospective study of 2618 pregnant women we examined the influence of diazepam monotherapy as well as the combination of diazepam and fenoterol on the bilirubin concentrations and Apgar scores of the newborn children. In the diazepam-treated group 17-27% of the newborns showed Apgar scores of 6 or less. In the group treated with diazepam and fenoterol, 66-68% of the newborn had Apgar scores of 6 or less. The effect of diazepam on the bilirubin levels appears to depend on the dose and duration of the diazepam treatment: low, short term diazepam doses cause a slight bilirubin increase, while higher diazepam doses cause a reduction of the bilirubin levels. Following the combination therapy of diazepam and fenoterol a significant number of the infants developed neonatal jaundice. Due to the fact that following the combination therapy the diazepam concentration of the newborns were higher than following the monotherapy, we ascribe the greater frequency of the low Apgar values and also possibly the larger bilirubin increase to the higher diazepam concentration caused by fenoterol.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1979

Comparative pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability for different preparations of nitrofurantoin.

In a single-dose study three different dosage forms of nitrofurantoin tablets are compared in order to attain a longer duration of efficacy by means of sustained-release dosage forms. In particular, bioavailability and the rate constants are estimated and show for one dosage form significant advantages. The measured serum and urine concentration levels are evaluated with a two-compartment model of first order which assumed the sustained release of the drug in an exponential manner.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Scarlet fever].

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Child↗