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Biomedical subjects

A Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to A Wilson.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Urine culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in men.

Urine samples were collected from 248 men, 21 of whom were known contacts of women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis. This organism was cultured from only three of the 21 specimens from patients in the contact group. The cultural technique was shown to be capable of reliably detecting small numbers of organisms under practical conditions; it appears, therefore, that most male contacts shed relatively few trichomonads and that the infective dose for women must be correspondingly small.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1980

Pulmonary vascular disease in total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.

Pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) was assessed by a qualitative and quantitative histopathologic analysis of lung specimens of 40 patients (age at autopsy 5 days to 12 years, median 3 months) with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. A PVD index was derived by counting the number of vessels with each Heath-Edwards grade of PVD (PVD index = [0 (Normal) +1 (N grade 1) +2 (N grade 2)....+6 (N grade 6)]/number of vessels graded, where N = the number of patients) in randomly selected pulmonary resistance vessels 30-300 mu in diameter. Patients with pulmonary venous obstruction died earlier and had a higher PVD index as a group than patients with unobstructed venous drainage. A remarkable degree of advanced pulmonary vascular changes was found in the entire group, even young infants. Pulmonary vascular obstructive disease is an important factor in the pathophysiology of this lesion. Careful attention to the prevention and management of increased pulmonary vascular resistance in the postoperative period may improve survival.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1980

Toxicity with intravenous injection of naphtha in man.

Intravenous injection of charcoal lighter fluid (naphtha) in a suicidal attempt led to development of severe hemorrhagic pneumonitis in a 40-year-old individual. Presenting symptoms consisted of pleuritic chest pain, epigastric discomfort, and dyspnea; they appeared within 2 hours after injection. Development of roentgenographic changes lagged behind the clinical symptoms by several hours. Fever and leukocytosis were present despite the absence of demonstrable superimposed bacterial infection. The pathology seemed exclusively confined to the pulmonary system with no clinical or laboratory evidence of extrapulmonary involvement. Repeated clinical, radiographic, and pulmonary function evaluations over an 18-month follow-up period have shown complete resolution of pulmonary lesions without residual abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Preservation of urinary postprandial alkaline tide despite inhibition of gastric acid secretion.

Ingestion of food leads to a rise in urinary pH. This phenomenon is commonly known as "postprandial alkaline tide" and is generally attributed to acid secretion in the stomach. To examine this hypothesis, we studied the changes of urinary pH, H+ concentration, PCO2, and bicarbonate in nine healthy volunteers with and without histamine H2 receptor blockade, using cimetidine and placebo medication. Postprandial alkaline tide persisted and was even exaggerated during treatment with cimetidine. Preservation of postprandial urinary alkaline tide, despite the expected inhibition of gastric acid secretion by cimetidine, tends to exclude a causal relation between alkaline tide and gastric acid secretion.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

Post-biopsy intrarenal arteriovenous fistula.

We present 5 cases of intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas after renal biopsy. Of these cases 3 followed percutaneous needle biopsy and 2 occurred after open renal biopsy. A nephrectomy was necessary in 1 patient to control the severe hypertension secondary to a hydronephrotic kidney and 1 patient required a partial nephrectomy to control marked hematuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Patient management in disulfiram implant therapy.

Data from 100 disulfiram implant, placebo, and no-implant control patients demonstrate the effectiveness of the disulfiram implant in keeping the alcoholic dry. However, the superiority of the disulfiram implant group over the placebo group is interpreted as evidence of a pharmacological component to the procedure operating independent of the disulfiram-ethanol reaction (DER). Hypotheses involving inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase or inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase are offered as mechanisms by which the pharmacological effect may be mediated. Finally, in view of the low (approximately 0.5) probability with which a DER follows ingestion of alcohol by a disulfiram implant patient, it is suggested that the approach to patient management should be changed to maximize the effectiveness of the disulfiram implant procedure. Guidelines are given.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1978

Accelerated development of tolerance during repeated cycles of ethanol exposure.

Adult male rats were subjected to 1--4 cycles of daily gastric intubation with ethanol (6 g/kg) for 16 days, separated by 17-day alcohol-free periods. Tolerance produced by this treatment (designated 'physiological tolerance') was measured by change in effect of a 2.2 g/kg i.p. dose of ethanol on the moving-belt test. It occurred in each cycle, disappeared completely in the drug-free periods, and developed more rapidly in the second and later cycles than in the first. Tolerance produced by the 'behavioral augmentation' technique (daily test practice under the influence of ethanol) also developed more rapidly on a second than on a first cycle. The progression from within-session to between-session tolerance was still evident, but accelerated. With 25-day alcohol cycles, separated by a one-month drug-free period, the 'carry-over' effect (i.e., more rapid acquisition of tolerance in the second cycle) applied equally, regardless of whether or not tolerance was produced by the same technique in both cycles, or by a crossover in either direction between the two techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Directed attention and perceptual asymmetry to monaurally presented tones.

Forty-eight right-handed Ss were tested for simple reaction time (RT) to a monaurally presented 1000 Hz tone of 250 msec duration. Each S was tested in 3 series comprising 7, 11 and 15 stimulus presentations (trials). In each series all stimuli but one (probe) were presented to a single ear. Ss were divided equally into right or left-ear attention groups on the basis of the ear receiving the non-probe trials. Right-ear attention resulted in equally good RTs to either attended or non-attended ear. Left-ear attention resulted in slower RTs than right-ear attention and showed a significant discrepancy between ears in favor of the non-attended ear. The results are interpreted as showing that neither simulus competition nor language processing are necessary conditions for eliciting auditory asymmetry. The data indicate that a cortically-mediated process of selective attention operates in the production of auditory asymmetries for some non-language sounds and that, as with language perception, it is the left cerebral hemisphere that is primarily involved.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1978

Chronic neurotic encopresis as a paradigm of a multifactorial psychiatric disorder.

Chronic neurotic encopresis (CNE), a childhood psychiatric disorder characterized by inappropriate fecal soiling, necessitated the formation of the following specific etiological factors: a) a neurologically immature developmental musculature, an organic condition which may complicate toilet training; b) premature or harsh toilet training; c) a family constellation in which the father is frequently absent and the mother erratic, emotionally inappropriate, and distant; d) the child's formation of a noncommunicative, passive, dependent personality. All of these factors are helpful in explaining the occurrence of CNE, which is thus seen as the result of a synergistic interaction among them. The complexity of etiological agents dictates a multifactorial rather than unicausal model of mental illness. Future research and tactics of psychotherapeutic intervention should focus on the interplay among these factors rather than attempting to single out one primary predisposing factor.

Central Nervous System↗