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Biomedical subjects

A Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to A Wilson.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Continuing education in general practice. 2. Impact of education activities.

Should continuing education for doctors be compulsory? Our study of General Practitioners in Queensland evaluated the usefulness of and preference for various types of educational activities. Lectures and consultants' letters were considered the most useful while pharmaceutical company evenings and visiting lecturers were most regularly attended. These latter activities were a useful source of medical knowledge: patient management skills were gained at weekend conferences; and procedural skills were obtained through hospital training courses.

Australia↗
PubMed1981

Continuing education in general practice. 1. Attitudes of general practitioners.

As part of a Queensland survey, we made an assessment of the attitudes of general practitioners to continuing education. We analysed responses for age, sex, type and geographical location of practice. Almost all the respondents (99%) agreed that commitment to CME is lifelong. Most of them did not feel that there is too much concern with keeping up-to-date. Recognition of their own educational needs is a problem for a sizeable minority. Most feel that GP skills can be taught through CME courses, which should focus on patient management. Informal communication with colleagues is a useful mode of learning. Although exactly half the doctors felt that CME should be mandatory, a greater proportion of younger doctors were in favour.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A survey of learning problems in black primary school children.

A survey of the prevalence and types of learning disorders among Black primary school children was undertaken on the East Rand. Class teachers were given a questionnaire and asked to identify the number of children in their class with learning problems and the number of those with specific disabilities such as poor eyesight or hearing, epilepsy, physical handicaps or mental retardation. There were 7516 children in the classes surveyed; 1692 (22,4%) of them were identified by their teachers as having learning problems, while 666 (8,7%) had a physical or mental handicap. The prevalence and present status of children with learning disability need to be defined before plans to improve their education can be established. Our data show that at present classes are large and the prevalence of children with learning problems is high. Improving teachers' skills and reducing the number of children per class might improve the education of children with learning problems.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1981

Lisuride in parkinsonism.

Lisuride is a soluble ergolene derivative with endocrine effects similar to but more potent than those of bromocriptine. In nine subjects with idiopathic, postencephalitic, or drug-induced parkinsonism, lisuride at a dosage of 0.05 to 0.15 mg intravenously caused an immediate improvement in tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and postural deformity, but also caused chorea and orofacial dyskinesia. Improvement lasted 2 to 3 hours. Lisuride had little or no effect in a single patient with progressively supranuclear palsy. Oral lisuride therapy, 0.8 to 4.8 mg daily, had similar effects but occasionally caused reduced awareness and hallucinations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Detection of antibodies to central nervous system antigens by solid phase radioimmunoassay.

A solid phase radioimmunoassay is described which employs 125I-protein-A to detect the presence of antibodies against a panel of cellular and soluble central nervous system (CNS) specific antigens coated onto polyvinylchloride Microtiter plates. Serum antibodies from rabbits immunized against myelin, myelin basic protein (MBP), glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP), astroglioma cells, and cerebellar cells were easily detected, and high specificity for each antiserum and antigen was also demonstrable. The assay is applicable to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with neurological diseases to detect antibodies against CNS-specific antigens. The assay should be useful for examining cell lines derived from CNS tissue for the presence of brain proteins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A new assay for cytotoxic lymphocytes, based on a radioautographic readout of 111 In release, suitable for rapid, semi-automated assessment of limit-dilution cultures.

A new assay for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is described, of general application, but particularly suitable for rapid, semi-automated assessment of multiple microculture tests. Target cells are labelled with high efficiency and to high specific activity with the oxine chelate of 111 indium. After a 3-4 h incubation of test cells with 5 X 10(3) labelled target cells in V wells of microtitre trays, samples of the supernatant are spotted on paper (5 microliter) or transferred to soft-plastic U wells (25-50 microliter) and the 111 In release assessed by radio-autography. Overnight exposure of X-ray film with intensifying screens at -70 degrees C gives and image which is an intense dark spot for maximum release, a barely visible darkening with the low spontaneous release, and a definite positive with 10% specific lysis. The degree of film darkening, which can be quantitated by microdensitometry, shows a linear relationship with cytotoxic T lymphocyte dose up to the 40% lysis level. The labelling intensity and sensitivity can be adjusted over a wide range, allowing a single batch of the short half-life isotope to serve for 2 weeks. The 96 assays from a single tray are developed simultaneously on a single small sheet of film. Many trays can be processed together, and handling is rapid if 96-channel automatic pipettors are used. The method allows rapid visual scanning for positive and negative limit dilution cultures in cytotoxic T cell precursor frequency and specificity studies. In addition, in conjunction with an automated densitometer designed to scan microtitre trays, the method provides an efficient alternative to isotope counting in routine cytotoxic assays.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Multivariate analysis of color-evoked potentials.

Transient visual-evoked cortical potentials (VECP's) were recorded for equal luminance chromatic flashes presented against a dark background and for substitutions of chromatic stimuli for achromatic fields of equal luminance. The VECP's for the flashed targets had larger amplitudes and shorter latencies than those for the substituted targets. These findings are consistent with previous psychophysical data which suggest that colored stimuli are processed in a short-latency achromatic channel and a long-latency chromatic channel. Subsequent factor analyses of the VECP's revealed a component which was interpreted as activity in the achromatic channel. These factor analyses also revealed three additional components which were tentatively identified as indications of previously undocumented high-level luminance and color processing mechanisms. Problems associated with the factor analytic approach to VECP waveform analysis are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Toxicity with intravenous injection of crude marijuana extract.

Intravenous injection of crude marijuana extract led to development of an acute illness with multisystem involvement. Gastrointestinal manifestations consisted of severe vomiting, diarrhea, and crampy abdominal pain. Hypotension, tachycardia, and peripheral vasodilation constituted the main cardiovascular manifestations of the disease. Moderate azotemia and oliguria, presumed to be of prerenal origin, were present and rapidly resolved with administration of intravenous fluids. Hematologic manifestations consisted of leukocytosis with a left shift, thrombocytopenia, prolonged partial thromboplastin time, increased fibrin degradation products, and positive protamine sulfate test. The observed coagulation abnormalities may suggest intravascular coagulation. C3, C4, and total hemolytic complement were reduced, suggesting possible activation of the complement system. Hyperventilation, hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, obstructive, and restrictive pulmonary function abnormalities and bilateral pleural effusions highlighted the pulmonary manifestations of the disease. Rhadbomyolysis and mild hepatic function abnormalities were also present. All observed abnormalities reversed in a few days with no significant sequelae.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Indomethacin treatment for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus: a double-blind control study.

A double-blind control study was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of indomethacin treatment of patients with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. Infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome and symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus were eligible for the prospective study if the ratio of left atrial/aortic root diameter remained greater than or equal to 1.3:1 following a 24-hour period of medical management. Thirty-nine eligible infants were randomly assigned to the control or indomethacin group and given 0.2 mg/kg of enteral indomethacin or placebo in a double-blind manner. Second and third doses were administered at 24-hour intervals in phase 1 (17 patients), and at eight-hour intervals in phase 2 (22 patients). The 75% patent ductus arteriosus closure rate with indomethacin treatment in phase 1 was not statistically significant due to a 44% spontaneous closure rate in the control group. In phase 2, however, 85% of the indomethacin group demonstrated patent ductus arteriosus closure vs only 11% in the matched control group (P less than .01). Although no indomethacin side effects occurred in phase 1, in phase 2 indomethacin administration was associated with minimal, but statistically significant, transient impaired renal function and, in three infants (23%), mild upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In summary, enteral administration of three 0.2 mg/kg indomethacin doses at eight-hour intervals thus appears to be a safe and effective alternative to surgical closure.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

The immunoglobulin mu constant region gene is expressed in mouse thymocytes.

It has been a matter of controversy whether the functional capacity of T cells to discriminate between antigens is mediated via immunoglobulin, an immunoglobulin-like molecule, or by the product(s) of unrelated genes. The progenitors of immunoglobulin-secreting cells, B cells, express membrane-bound immunoglobulin as the antigen-specific receptor on their surface. For T cells, although products of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes are implicated as receptor components, there has been no compelling immunochemical evidence for participation of either immunoglobulin light chains or heavy chain constant regions (see refs 2-6 for the disparate views). Recently, using cloned immunoglobulin DNA sequences as hybridization probes, we have demonstrated that the immunoglobulin Cmu gene, but not the Cmu gene, is expressed as polyadenylated RNA in some T cell tumour (T lymphoma) cell lines. Individual T lymphoma lines yielded up to three discrete mu RNA species of different sizes (1.9, 2.2 and 3.0 kilobases), each species being different in size from the major mu RNA species present in B lymphoma cells (2.4 and 2.7 kilobases). We show here that cells from the normal mouse thymus contain mu RNA species, indistinguishable in size from those in T lymphoma cells, but contain little if any kappa RNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The Howie Code.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗